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EC number: 237-159-2 | CAS number: 13674-87-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to reproduction: other studies
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to reproduction: other studies
- Remarks:
- developmental neurotoxicant ? - in vitro study
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 011
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Principle of test: This study evaluated the neurotoxicity of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) compared to the organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF), a known dev
elopmental neurotoxicant. We also tested the neurotoxicity of three structurally similar OPFRs, tris (2- chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris (1-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP), and tris (1,3- dibromopropyl) ph osphate (TDBPP), and 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), a major component of PentaBDE. Us ing undifferentiated and differentiating PC12 cells, changes in DNA synthesis, oxidative stress, differentia tion into dopaminergic or cholinergic neurophenotypes, cell number, cell growth and neurite growth were
assessed.
- Short description of test conditions: PC12 cells were exposed in the undifferentiated and differentiated
state.
- Parameters analysed / observed: cell proliferation, viability and differentation pathway - GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of method:
- in vitro
Test material
- Details on test material:
- Test materials used are (14)C-TDCP, (14)C-TCPP and (14)C-TCEP
Radiochemical purity : 99.9%
Specific actiity: 78 mCi/mmol ; 6.7 MBq/mg
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- 10, 20, or 50 μM TDCPP (99% purity as measured by GC-ECNI-MS; Chem Service
Test animals
- Species:
- other:
Administration / exposure
- Details on study design:
- For TDCPP experiments assessing changes in DNA synthesis (24 hour exposure), cell number, cell growt h, neurite growth, oxidative stress, cell viability (4 day exposure), and phenotypic differentiation (6 day exposure), measurements were performed on 8–10 cultures for each treatment, using one to two separa te cell batches. For TDCPP experiments assessing changes in cell number, cell growth, and neurite g rowth (6 day exposure), measurements were performed on 15–23 cultures for each treatment, using thr ee separate cell batches. We evaluated two analysis of variance (ANOVA) factors (treatment x cell b atch) and found that the results did not vary significantly between different cell batches; therefore, results
across different batches were normalized and combined for presentation. Comparisons between OPFRs
were performed on 4–5 separate cultures from a single cell batch. BDE-47 studies were performed on 8– 10 cultures for each treatment, using a single cell batch. The results are presented as the mean ± SEM. Comparisons between treatments were carried out by ANOVA followed by a post hoc Fisher’s protected
least significant difference. Significance was assumed at p < 0.05 (two-tailed). - Statistics:
- The results are presented as the mean ± SEM. Comparisons between treatments were carried out by ANOVA followed by a post hoc Fisher’s protected least significant difference. Significance was assumed
at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).
Results and discussion
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Profound effects on neural cell replication and neurodifferentiation, processes that are critical to early n eurodevelopment were observed.
- Executive summary:
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are used as replacements for the commercial PentaBDE mixture that was phased out in 2004. OPFRs are ubiquitous in the environment and detected at high concentrations in residential dust, suggesting widespread human exposure. OPFRs are structurally similar to neurotoxic organophosphate pesticides, raising concerns about exposure and toxicity to humans. This study evaluated the neurotoxicity of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) compared to the organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF), a known developmental neurotoxicant. We also tested the neurotoxicity of three structurally similar OPFRs, tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris (1-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP), and tris (1,3- dibromopropyl) phosphate (TDBPP), and 2,2′,4,4′- tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), a major component of PentaBDE. Using undifferentiated and differentiating PC12 cells, changes in DNA synthesis, oxidative stress, differentiation into dopaminergic or cholinergic neurophenotypes, cell number, cell growth and neurite growth were assessed. TDCPP displayed concentration-dependent neurotoxicity, often with effects equivalent to or greater than equimolar concentrations of CPF. TDCPP inhibited DNA synthesis, and all OPFRs decreased cell number, and altered neurodifferentiation. Although TDCPP elevated oxidative stress, there was no adverse effect on cell viability or growth. TDCPP and TDBPP promoted differentiation into both neuronal phenotypes, while TCEP and TCPP promoted only the cholinergic phenotype. BDE-47 had no effect on cell number, cell growth or neurite growth. Our results demonstrate that different OPFRs show divergent effects on neurodifferentiation, suggesting the participation of multiple mechanisms of toxicity. Additionally, these data suggest that OPFRs may affect neurodevelopment with similar or greater potency compared to known and suspected neurotoxicants.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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