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Administrative data

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.4 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
31.5 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The route to route extrapolation was conducted according to Appendix R8.2 of the ECHA Guidance document "Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for human"

Justification:
Subacute -> chronic
Justification:
Still applied by route to route extrapolation for deriving NOAEC by using allometric scaling
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.6 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
180 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The route to route extrapolation was conduted according to Health Risk Assessment Guidance for Metals (HERAG).

Justification:
Subacute -> chronic
Justification:
Rat-> human; Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - workers

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.1 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
15.75 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The route to route extrapolation was conducted according to Appendix R8.2 of the ECHA Guidance document "Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for human"

Justification:
Subacute->chronic, default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance
Justification:
Still applied by route to route extrapolation for deriving NOAEC by using allometric scaling
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.3 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
180 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The route to route extrapolation was conduted according to Health Risk Assessment Guidance for Metals (HERAG).

Justification:
subacute->chronic
Justification:
rat-> human, default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.03 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
18 mg/kg bw/day
Justification:
Subacute->chronic
Justification:
Rat->human, default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - General Population