Ammonium hydrogencarbonate

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2010

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: OECD Guideline Study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Report date:

2010

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 476 (In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)

Version / remarks:

adopted July 21, 1997

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

Harlan Cytotest Cell Research GmbH, In Leppsteinswiesen 19, 64380 Rossdorf, Germany

Type of assay:

mammalian cell gene mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Ammonium sulphate

EC Number:

231-984-1

EC Name:

Ammonium sulphate

Cas Number:

7783-20-2

IUPAC Name:

diammonium sulfate

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Ammonium sulphate
- Physical state: white solid
- Analytical purity: > 99%
- Lot/batch No.: Probenahmestelle 519216 (T 1530)
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature, moisture protected

Method

Target gene:

hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT)

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Phenobarbital/b-naphthoflavone induced rat liver S9

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

82.5, 165.0, 330.0, 660.0 and 1320.0 µg/mL

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: acetone
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The solvent was chosen according to its solubility properties and its relative nontoxicity to the cells.

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Remarks:

without metabolic activation

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Remarks:

with metabolic activation

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium

DURATION
- Exposure duration: 4 hour with and without metabolic activation, or 24 hours without metabolic activation
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 7 days
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): 7 days
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): 7 to 8 days

SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): 6-thioguanine


NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: 50 colonies

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: relative total growth

Evaluation criteria:

A test item is classified as positive if it induces either a concentration-related increase of the mutant frequency or a reproducible and positive response at one of the test points.
A test item producing neither a concentration-related increase of the mutant frequency nor a reproducible positive response at any of the test points is considered non-mutagenic in this system.
A positive response is described as follows:
A test item is classified as mutagenic if it reproducibly induces a mutation frequency that is three times above the spontaneous mutation frequency at least at one of the concentrations in the experiment.
The test item is classified as mutagenic if there is a reproducible concentration-related increase of the mutation frequency. Such evaluation may be considered also in the case that a threefold increase of the mutant frequency is not observed.
However, in a case by case evaluation this decision depends on the level of the corresponding solvent control data. If there is by chance a low spontaneous mutation rate in the range normally found (3.0 – 33.2 mutants per 1000000 cells) a concentration-related increase of the mutations within this range has to be discussed. The variability of the mutation rates of solvent controls within all experiments of this study was also taken into consideration.

Statistics:

A linear regression (least squares) was performed to assess a possible dose dependent increase of mutant frequencies using SYSTAT11 (SYSTAT Software, Inc., 501, Canal Boulevard, Suite C, Richmond, CA 94804, USA) statistics software. The number of mutant colonies obtained for the groups treated with the test item were compared to the solvent control groups. A trend is judged as significant whenever the p-value (probability value) is below 0.05. However, both, biological and statistical significance were considered together.

Results and discussion

Test results

Species / strain:

Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
The test medium was checked for precipitation or phase separation at the end of each treatment period (4 or 24 hours) before the test item was removed. No precipitation was observed up to the maximum concentration with and without metabolic activation.
There was no relevant change of the pH value and the osmolarity even at the maximum concentration of the test item.


RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: The highest concentration in the pre-experiment was 1320 µg/mL equal to approximately 10 mM.

COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA:

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

In conclusion it can be stated that under the experimental conditions reported the test item did not induce gene mutations at the HPRT locus in V79 cells. Therefore, Ammonium sulphate is considered to be non-mutagenic in this HPRT assay.