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EC number: 200-539-3 | CAS number: 62-53-3
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Readily biodegradable (according to OECD criteria)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
Several experimental studies demonstrate that aniline is readily biodegradable in water under aerobic test conditions. In standardised tests the mineralisation amounts to 80-100% within 28 days. Due to the great number of available studies only the key study is described here as representative for the others.
"Nyholm (1991) studied the mineralisation of aniline using 3 standard tests for ready biodegradability. With the closed bottle test (OECD 301 D) a mineralisation of 90% after 30 days was found; the modified OECD screening test (OECD 301 E) resulted in a mineralisation of 100% after 5 days and the modified Sturm test (OECD 301 B) in a mineralisation of 90% after 26 days."
Under aerobic conditions aniline was found to be not biodegradable, but there is an indicationthat aniline will not persist indefinitely in anaerobic environments.
Battersby and Wilson (1989) found in a test using primary anaerobic digesting sludge from a WWTP treating domesticand industrial wastewater as inoculum a lag phase of more than 60 days. The net total gas production (CH4 and CO2) was only 6% of the theoretical value. Kuhn and Suflita (1989) tested the biodegradability of aniline in anaerobic aquifer slurries from two sites. Sulfate reducing conditions predominated at one site while methanogenesis prevailed in the other. Aniline was found to be recalcitrant under both redox conditons. No biotic transformation could be observed
after 10 months under methanogenesis. Partial metabolism occurred in the sample from the sulfate reducing site after an adaptation period of several months. 39% of the aniline was biodegraded within 10 months. Contrary to these studies, West (2006) demonstrated the potential for complete mineralization of14C-radiolabeled aniline to14CO2and14CH4in soil-free enrichment cultures prepared under denitrifying, Fe(III)-reducing, sulphate-reducing, and methanogenic conditions. Yields of these ultimate degradation products ranged from 38 to 85 % of the applied radioactivity after 865 days (cf 4.1.2.2 Biodegradation in soil). Whereas the rates of degradation were relatively slow under these anaerobic conditions, the study indicates that aniline will not persist indefinitely in anaerobic environments.
Reference:
ECB (2004). European Union Risk Assessment Report, Aniline, CAS No: 62 -53 - 3, EINECS No: 200 -539 -3, 1st Priority List, Volume 50.
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