Tall oil, sodium salt

Flash point

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

flash point of flammable liquids

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2005-06-08 to 2005-06-10

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study without detailed documentation

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ASTM D3278 (Standard test methods for flash point of liquids by small scale closed-cup apparatus)

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of method:

closed cup

Flash point apparatus:

Setaflash apparatus

Key result

Flash point:

121 - 185 °C

Remarks on result:

other: Information on pressure not stated.

Table 1: CTO Samples Flash point

Sample ID	Flash Point (°C)
CTO 1	121
CTO 2	122
CTO 3	185
CTO 4	121

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

A flash point of 121 - 185 °C was determined for Crude Tall Oil (CTO) in a reliable study conducted according to ASTM D3278. No further details are available.

Description of key information

Flash point: >121°C (ASTM D3278)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Flash point at 101 325 Pa:

121 °C

Additional information

There are no measured flash point results for the registered substance, TOS. Therefore, flash point data has been read across from the analogue substance, Crude Tall Oil (CTO).

 

Crude Tall Oil (CTO) is formed by acidification of Tall Oil Soap (TOS), therefore, CTO and TOS are similar UVCB substances. They differ only in the water content and that CTO does not contain sodium salts of the fatty/rosin acids. The main constituent blocks for TOS are sodium salts of saturated and unsaturated C14-C20 fatty acids (5-45% w/w), rosin acid sodium salts (10-40% w/w), water (25-45% w/w), sterols (1-10% w/w), and non-volatile lignin/cellulose fibre/oligomeric acids (3-20% w/w). In addition, the following minor constituent blocks are present: terpenes, sesquiterpenes, abietenes and labdanes, C30 branched polyalkenes, 3,5-dimethoxystilbene, rosin alcohol and aldehyde isomers and saturated/unsaturated alcohols and terpene alcohols (each <3%).

The same constituents are present in CTO, with only the following differences:

- The fatty acids and rosin acids in Tall Oil Soap (TOS) are present as their sodium salts whereas for Crude Tall Oil (CTO) they are present as acids. In aqueous media, the sodium salts are dissociated into sodium and the parent acid. The sodium, being a ubiquitous and essential element in nature, is not expected to contribute to the toxicity and/or flammability properties of the substance.

- TOS contains 25-45% water compared to trace amounts in CTO; other constituent groups are therefore present at lower levels but in similar proportions. Since both substances are UVCBs, impurities are not relevant as part of the chemical safety assessment.

A reliable flash point of 121 - 185°C has been determined for four samples of Crude Tall Oil (CTO) using an appropriate test method (ASTM D3278). In a published literature, a flash point range of 385 - 420 F (196 - 216°C) was reported for CTO using open cup (Cleveland) method according to D-803 ASTM test guideline. TOS has a higher amount of water and lower amount of terpenes (volatiles constituents) compared with CTO and as such, it is expected that the flash point of TOS will be greater than that of CTO. Therefore, the flash point of TOS is reported as greater than the lowest flash point determined for CTO i.e. >121°C for the purpose of classification and labelling. This conclusion is supported by the observation in the differential scanning calorimetry studies conducted for samples of the registered substance (TOS). In these studies, limited loss of volatile fractions from about 100°C (373 K) was observed, with formation of significant residue with boiling point >400°C (>673 K) reported.

There is a strong overlap between CTO and TOS in terms of the chemical constituents present and hence, to an extent and where justified, available data for CTO is considered relevant to be read-across to TOS.

Flash point value of >121°C and boiling point of >400°C indicate that the registered substance should not be classified for flammability in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.