Thiazolidine-2,4-dione

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: screening tests

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

The supporting QMRF report has been attached

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The data is predicted using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with logKow as the primary descriptor.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
- Molecular formula: C3H3NO2S
- Molecular weight: 117.1277 g/mol
- Substance type: organic
- Physical state: Solid
- Smiles notation: C1C(=O)NC(=O)S1
- InChl: 1S/C3H3NO2S/c5-2-1-7-3(6)4-2/h1H2,(H,4,5,6)

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

other: Microorganisms

Duration of test (contact time):

28 d

Based on:

not specified

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

other: BOD

Key result

Parameter:

other: BOD

Value:

22.9

Sampling time:

28 d

Remarks on result:

other: Other details not known

Details on results:

Test substance undergoes 22.89% degradation by BOD in 28 days.

The prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following descriptors: BOD
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 5 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

(((((((("a" or "b" or "c" )  and ("d" and ( not "e") )  )  and "f" )  and "g" )  and "h" )  and "i" )  and ("j" and ( not "k") )  )  and ("l" and "m" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> P450 Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates OR Acylation >> P450 Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates >> Thiazolidinediones by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation AND Acylation >> Ester aminolysis AND Acylation >> Ester aminolysis >> Amides by Protein binding by OASIS v1.3

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation AND Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group AND Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group >> Acetates by Protein binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures >> Quinones OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition on alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition on alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds >> Four- and Five-Membered Lactones OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation by aldehyde formed after metabolic activation OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation by aldehyde formed after metabolic activation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release >> Specific Acetate Esters OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation for aldehydes OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation for aldehydes >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR Non-covalent interaction OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Amino Anthraquinones OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Coumarins OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> DNA Intercalators with Carboxamide Side Chain OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Quinones OR Radical OR Radical >> Generation of ROS by glutathione depletion (indirect) OR Radical >> Generation of ROS by glutathione depletion (indirect) >> Haloalkanes Containing Heteroatom OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Amino Anthraquinones OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Coumarins OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitro Azoarenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Quinones OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Amino Anthraquinones OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitro Azoarenes OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Acylation OR SN2 >> Acylation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group  OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group  >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group after metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group after metabolic activation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR SN2 >> Alkylation, ring opening SN2 reaction OR SN2 >> Alkylation, ring opening SN2 reaction >> Four- and Five-Membered Lactones OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after metabolic activation >> Coumarins OR SN2 >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group OR SN2 >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> Acyl Halides OR SN2 >> DNA alkylation OR SN2 >> DNA alkylation >> Alkylphosphates, Alkylthiophosphates and Alkylphosphonates OR SN2 >> DNA alkylation >> Vicinal Dihaloalkanes OR SN2 >> Internal SN2 reaction with aziridinium and/or cyclic sulfonium ion formation (enzymatic) OR SN2 >> Internal SN2 reaction with aziridinium and/or cyclic sulfonium ion formation (enzymatic) >> Vicinal Dihaloalkanes OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom >> Haloalkanes Containing Heteroatom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom after thiol (glutathione) conjugation OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom after thiol (glutathione) conjugation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as days - weeks by Biodeg primary (Biowin 4) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Does NOT Biodegrade Fast by Biodeg probability (Biowin 5) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Biodegrades Fast by Biodeg probability (Biowin 7) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as weeks - months by Biodeg ultimate (Biowin 3) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Not possible to classify according to these rules by DPRA Lysine peptide depletion

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Low reactive OR Low reactive >> Saturated carboxylic acid anhydrides OR Moderate reactive OR Moderate reactive >> Unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides by DPRA Lysine peptide depletion

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of Molecular weight which is >= 100 Da

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of Molecular weight which is <= 151 Da

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Interpretation of results:

not readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

The test chemical 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione was estimated to be not readily biodegradable in water.

Executive summary:

Biodegradability of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (CAS no. 2295 -31 -0) is predicted using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 (2017) with logKow as the primary descriptor. Test substance undergoes 22.89% degradation by BOD in 28 days.Thus, based on percentage degradation, the test chemical 1,3-thiazolidine- 2,4-dione was estimated to be not readily biodegradable in water.

Description of key information

Biodegradability of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (CAS no. 2295 -31 -0) is predicted using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 (2017) with logKow as the primary descriptor. Test substance undergoes 22.89% degradation by BOD in 28 days.Thus, based on percentage degradation, the test chemical 1,3-thiazolidine- 2,4-dione was estimated to be not readily biodegradable in water.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:

under test conditions no biodegradation observed

Additional information

Various predicted data for the target compound1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione(CAS No. 2295-31-0) and various supporting weight of evidence studies for its closest read across substance with logKow as the primary descriptor were reviewed for the biodegradation end point which are summarized as below:

 

In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with logKow as the primary descriptor, percentage biodegradability of test chemical 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione(CAS No. 2295-31-0) was estimated.Test substance undergoes 22.89% degradation by BOD in 28 days.Thus, based on percentage degradation, the test chemical 1,3-thiazolidine- 2,4-dione was estimated to be not readily biodegradable in water.

 

In another prediction using the Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2017), the biodegradation potential of the test compound 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione(CAS No. 2295-31-0) in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms was estimated.The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemical 1,3 -thiazolidine-2,4 -dione is expected to be not readily biodegradable.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study from authoritative database (J-CHECK, 2017) for the read across chemical 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide (CAS no. 85-40-5), the read across chemical 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide was tested for biodegradation by taking sludge as a inoculums at concentration 30 mg/L for 4 weeks. The initial concentration of chemical taken was 100 mg/L. The study design was of standard type. After 4 weeks percent degradation obtained by taking different parameters in consideration such as BOD, TOC and HPLC were 0%, 3 % and 8% respectively. So it is concluded that the chemical 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro phthalimide of CAS no. 85-40-5 is not readily biodegradable.

 

For the another read across chemical 1,2-dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione (CAS no. 123-33-1) from authoritative database (J-CHECK, 2017), the read across chemical 1,2 -dihydropyridazine-3,6 -dione was tested for biodegradation by taking activated sludge as a inoculums at concentration 30 mg/L for 4 weeks (28 days). The initial concentration of chemical taken was 100 mg/L. The study design was of standard type. After 4 weeks (28 days) percent degradation obtained by taking different parameters  in consideration such as BOD, TOC and HPLC are 6 % , 1% and 1 % respectively. So it is concluded that this test chemical 1,2-dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione ( CAS no. 123-33-1) is not readily biodegradable.

 

On the basis of above results for target chemical1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione(from OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 and EPI suite, 2017) and for its read across substance (from authoritative database J-CHECK, 2017), it can be concluded that the test substance1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dionecan be expected to be not readily biodegradable in nature.