Quaternary ammonium compounds, C12-14-alkyl(hydroxyethyl)dimethyl, chlorides

Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests

Administrative data

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: sewage treatment simulation testing

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1994-06-06 to 1994-06-16

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Followed OECD Guideline 314A. Good study but no raw LSC data.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1994

Report date:

1994

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD 314A

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Study pre-dates Guideline

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

[see concordance under 1.1. of the CSR]

IUPAC Name:

[see concordance under 1.1. of the CSR]

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): The test material was a combination of unlabeled C12/14 Dimethyl Ethanol Monoalkyl Ammonium Chloride (DEMAC) (E-4408.01), and 14C-Radiolabeled DEMAC (E-4409.01)
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): N/A
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): N/A
- Smiles notation (if other than submission substance): N/A
- InChl (if other than submission substance): N/A
- Structural formula attached as image file (if other than submission substance): N/A
- Substance type: Active
- Physical state: Liquid

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
N/A

Radiolabelling:

yes

Study design

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

sewage, predominantly domestic, non-adapted

Details on source and properties of surface water:

N/A

Details on source and properties of sediment:

N/A

Details on inoculum:

- Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): Influent from a WWTP near Brussels Belgium receiving predominately domestic sewage.
- Laboratory culture: N/A
- Method of cultivation: N/A
- Storage conditions: N/A
- Storage length: N/A
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Settled 30 minutes to remove large solids.
- Pretreatment: N/A
- Concentration of sludge: N/A
- Initial cell/biomass concentration: N/A
- Water filtered: yes/no
- Type and size of filter used, if any: N/A

Duration of test (contact time):

10 d

Initial test substance concentration

Initial test substance concentration 1

Initial conc.:

50 µg/L

Based on:

act. ingr.

Initial test substance concentration 2

Initial conc.:

100 µg/L

Based on:

act. ingr.

Initial test substance concentration 3

Initial conc.:

250 µg/L

Based on:

act. ingr.

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

CO2 evolution

radiochem. meas.

other: %14C associated with the solids... (see attached file)

Details on study design:

TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Freshly collected influent from a POTW
- Additional substrate: N/A
- Solubilising agent (type and concentration if used): N/A
- Test temperature: Ambient room temperature
- pH: N/A
- pH adjusted: yes
- CEC (meq/100 g): N/A
- Aeration of dilution water:
- Suspended solids concentration: N/A
- Continuous darkness: no
- Other: Pre-treat test beakers with unlabelled test substance by soaking overnight with a 5 mg/L solution. Beakers thoroughly rinsed with methanol and distilled water. No adsorption to the test beakers was observed in LSC analyses of the abiotic treatment.


TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: N/A
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: N/A
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: Magnetic stirbars or labshaker
- Method used to create anaerobic conditions: N/A
- Measuring equipment: N/A
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: No
- Test performed in open system: Yes
- Details of trap for CO2 and volatile organics if used: N/A
- Other:N/A


SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Immediately after dosing, and after 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.17, 0.25, 0.33, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 10 days.
- Sampling method: N/A
- Sterility check if applicable: N/A
- Sample storage before analysis: N/A
- Other: N/A


CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: N/A
- Abiotic sterile control: 1 g mercuric chloride per L freshly collected influent, autoclaved 90 minutes.
- Toxicity control: N/A
- Other: N/A

STATISTICAL METHODS:N/A

Results and discussion

Mean total recovery

Compartment:

other: water / sediment, material (mass) balance

Remarks on result:

other: 100%: 64% CO2 production, 22% associated with solids, 14% in effluent (mean of the 3 test concentrations).

% Degradation

% Degradation 1

% Degr.:

62

Parameter:

CO2 evolution

Sampling time:

10 d

Remarks on result:

other: 50 ug/L

% Degradation 2

% Degr.:

59

Parameter:

CO2 evolution

Sampling time:

10 d

Remarks on result:

other: 100 ug/L

% Degradation 3

% Degr.:

72

Parameter:

CO2 evolution

Sampling time:

10 d

Remarks on result:

other: 250 ug/L

% Degradation 4

% Degr.:

89

Parameter:

other: % of parent loss

Sampling time:

10 d

Remarks on result:

other: 50 ug/L

% Degradation 5

% Degr.:

80

Parameter:

other: % of parent loss

Sampling time:

10 d

Remarks on result:

other: 100 ug/L

% Degradation 6

% Degr.:

91

Parameter:

other: % of parent loss

Sampling time:

10 d

Remarks on result:

other: 250 ug/L

% Degradation 7

% Degr.:

27

Parameter:

other: % 14C mass balance associated with the solids

Sampling time:

10 d

Remarks on result:

other: 50 ug/L

% Degradation 8

% Degr.:

21

Parameter:

other: % 14C mass balance associated with the solids

Sampling time:

10 d

Remarks on result:

other: 100 ug/L

% Degradation 9

% Degr.:

19

Parameter:

other: % 14C mass balance associated with the solids

Sampling time:

10 d

Remarks on result:

other: 250 ug/L

Half-life of parent compound / 50% disappearance time (DT50)

Half-life of parent compound / 50% disappearance time (DT50) 1

Compartment:

entire system

DT50:

0.57 d

Type:

other: Parent loss was fit to a 3/2 order decay equation.

Remarks on result:

other: Primary degradation at 50 ug/L influent conc.

Half-life of parent compound / 50% disappearance time (DT50) 2

Compartment:

entire system

DT50:

2.47 d

Type:

other: Parent loss was fit to a 3/2 order decay equation.

Remarks on result:

other: Primary degradation at 100 ug/L influent conc.

Half-life of parent compound / 50% disappearance time (DT50) 3

Compartment:

entire system

DT50:

0.55 d

Type:

other: Parent loss was fit to a 3/2 order decay equation.

Remarks on result:

other: Primary degradation at 250 ug/L influent conc.

Half-life of parent compound / 50% disappearance time (DT50) 4

Compartment:

entire system

DT50:

1.27 d

Type:

other: Mineralization was fit to a first order decay equation.

Remarks on result:

other: Mineralization at 50 ug/L influent conc.

Half-life of parent compound / 50% disappearance time (DT50) 5

Compartment:

entire system

DT50:

5.47 d

Type:

other: Mineralization was fit to a first order decay equation.

Remarks on result:

other: Mineralization at 100 ug/L influent conc.

Half-life of parent compound / 50% disappearance time (DT50) 6

Compartment:

entire system

DT50:

2.45 d

Type:

other: Mineralization was fit to a first order decay equation.

Remarks on result:

other: Mineralization at 250 ug/L influent conc.

Transformation products:

no

Evaporation of parent compound:

not measured

Volatile metabolites:

not measured

Residues:

not measured

Details on results:

Average mineralization observed after 10 days was 64% over all 3 concentrations tested. Liquid scintillation counting and thin-layer chromatography with radioactive detection showed that 22% of the radioactivity was associated with the solids, and that only 14% of the initial test compound concentration remained in the influent.

Results with reference substance:

N/A

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 1 Mass balances at 50 ug/L over time

Days	% 14CO2	% 14C Parent DEMAC	% 14C on solids
0	4	96	0
0.02	14	96	0
0.04	8	92	0
0.08	1	99	0
0.17	0	100	0
0.25	4	96	0
0.33	19	91	0
1	29	49	22
2	47	29	24
3	45	35	20
6	63	29	8
8	70	22	8
10	62	11	27

 

Table 2 Mass balances at 100 ug/L over time

Days	% 14CO2	% 14C Parent DEMAC	% 14C on solids
0	0	100	0
0.02	0	100	0
0.04	8	92	0
0.08	13	87	0
0.17	0	100	0
0.25	7	93	0
0.33	9	91	0
1	13	87	0
2	19	81	0
3	24	53	23
6	41	19	40
8	58	21	21
10	59	20	21

 

Table 3. Mass balances at 250 ug/L over time

Days	% 14CO2	% 14C Parent DEMAC	% 14C on solids
0	16	84	0
0.02	0	100	0
0.04	0	100	0
0.08	7	93	0
0.17	0	100	0
0.25	0	100	0
0.33	8	69	23
1	27	34	39
2	33	23	44
3	40	17	43
6	72	11	17
8	78	7	15
10	72	9	19

Table 4. Percent of Parent (DEMAC) loss over time

Days	50 ug/L	100 ug/L	250 ug/L
0	4	0	16
0.02	14	0	0
0.04	8	8	0
0.08	1	13	7
0.17	0	0	0
0.25	4	7	0
0.33	9	9	31
1	51	13	66
2	71	19	77
3	65	47	83
6	71	81	89
8	78	79	93
10	89	80	91

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Total CO2 production (mineralization) from KDB-Base in sewage influent averaged 64% after 10 days over a concentration range of 50-250 ug/L. 22% of the radioactivity was associated with the solids, and 14% remained in the influent. The half life of parent disappearance was ~0.6 days, and the half life of mineralization was ~2 days.

Executive summary:

The biodegradation of C12/14 alkyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride (KDB) was evaluated in a raw sewage die away study according to the OECD 314A guidelines. KDB was tested at 3 concentrations (50, 100, 250 ug/L) for 10 days.

The mineralization (CO2 production) of the test substance was 64% after a 10 day test period (mean of the 3 test concentrations). After 10 days, 22% of the radioactivity was associated with the solids, and only 14% of the initial test substance remained in the influent. No intermediates were found in the test solutions.

The kinetics of primary degradation and mineralization of KDB was calculated for each test concentration. The half life for parent disappearance was ~0.6 days, and the half life for mineralization was ~2 days, for the 50 and 250 ug/L test concentrations. The half lives were longer at the 100 ug/L test concentration.

This biodegradation study satisfies the guideline requirements for the OECD 314A raw sewage die away study.