Essential oil Schinus Terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae) obtained from red berries by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (indicative)

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From 26 May to 19 June, 2008

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

GLP study conducted according to OECD test Guideline No. 471 without any deviation.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2008

Report date:

2009

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Version / remarks:

July 21, 1997

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Version / remarks:

May 19, 2000

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

JAPAN: Guidelines for Screening Mutagenicity Testing Of Chemicals

Version / remarks:

Kanpoan No. 287 - Environment Protection Agency; Eisei No. 127 - Ministry of Health & Welfare; Heisei 09/10/31 Kikyoku No.2 - Ministry of International Trade & Industry

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

National GLP Compliance Program (inspected on September 02, 2006 / Signed on January 19, 2007)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

-

EC Number:

481-880-7

EC Name:

-

Cas Number:

949495-68-5

Molecular formula:

not available (UVCB)

IUPAC Name:

Essential oil of Schinus Terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae) obtained from red berries by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

Test material form:

liquid

Details on test material:

- Storage conditions: In the refrigerator at 2 – 8 °C, protected from light in N2 atmosphere

Method

Target gene:

Histidine and tryptophan for S. typhimurium and E. coli, respectively.

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

Not applicable

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not applicable

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

10% S9: S9-mix from the livers of male rats treated with phenobarbital/β-naphthoflavone (80 mg/kg bw i.p. and 80 mg/kg bw/day by oral route, during three days).

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 µg/plate

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Ethanol (MERCK, D-64293 Darmstadt; purity > 99 %).
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The solvent was chosen because of its solubility properties and its relative non-toxicity to the bacteria.

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

Ethanol

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

sodium azide

methylmethanesulfonate

other:

Remarks:

Without S9-mix

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

Ethanol

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-Aminoanthracene / TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, WP2 uvrA

Remarks:

With S9-mix

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation) [Exp. 1], pre-incubation [Exp. 2]

DURATION
Pre-incubation period): 37°C for 60 minutes [Exp. 2]
- Exposure duration: Plates were incubated at 37 °C ± 3 °C for at least 48 hours in the dark [Exp. 1 and 2]

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Triplicate plates per dose level.

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: reduction in the number of spontaneous revertants or a clearing of the bacterial background lawn

Evaluation criteria:

A test item is considered as a mutagen if a biologically relevant increase in the number of revertants exceeding the threshold of twice (strains TA 98, TA 100, and WP2 uvrA) or thrice (strains TA 1535 and TA 1537) the colony count of the corresponding solvent control is observed.
A dose dependent increase is considered biologically relevant if the threshold is exceeded at more than one concentration.
An increase exceeding the threshold at only one concentration is judged as biologically relevant if reproduced in an independent second experiment.
A dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies below the threshold is regarded as an indication of a mutagenic potential if reproduced in an independent second experiment. However, whenever the colony counts remain within the historical range of negative and solvent controls such an increase is not considered biologically relevant.

Statistics:

According to the OECD guideline 471, a statistical analysis of the data is not mandatory

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

from 1000 µg/plate (Exp.1), from 100 µg/plate (Exp.2)

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Key result

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: Not applicable
- Effects of osmolality: Not applicable
- Evaporation from medium: No data
- Water solubility: None
- Precipitation: Precipitation of the test item was observed in the overlay agar in the test tubes in both experiments from 1000 Mg/plate up to 5000 Mg/plate. The undissolved particles had no influence on the data recording.
- Other confounding effects: None

COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: All tester strain cultures exhibit a characteristic number of spontaneous revertants per plate in the vehicle and positive controls. The comparison was made with the historical control ranges for 2007of the corresponding Testing Laboratory.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
Toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants (below the induction factor of 0.5), occurred in all S. typhimurim test groups (see attached background document).

Any other information on results incl. tables

See the attached document for information on tables of results

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Under the test condition, test material is not mutagenic with and without metabolic activation in S. typhimurium (strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and E.coli WP2 uvrA-.

Executive summary:

In a reverse gene mutation assay performed according to the OECD test guideline No. 471 and in compliance with GLP, Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100 and Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA- were exposed to test material both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system (10% liver S9 in standard co-factors).

The assay was performed in two independent experiments both with and without liver microsomal activation. Each concentration, including the controls, was tested in triplicate.

The test item was tested at the following concentrations: 3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 µg/plate

The plates incubated with the test item showed reduced background growth in nearly all strains with and without metabolic activation in both independent experiments.

Toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants (below the indication factor of 0.5), occurred in nearly all strains with and without metabolic activation.

No substantial increase in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tester strains was observed following treatment with Pink Pepper (ST 08 C 08) at any dose level, neither in

the presence nor absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix). There was also no tendency of higher mutation rates with increasing concentrations in the range below the generally

acknowledged border of biological relevance.

Appropriate reference mutagens were used as positive controls and showed a distinct increase of induced revertant colonies.

 

Under the test condition, test material is not mutagenic with and without metabolic activation in S. typhimurium (strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and E.coli WP2 uvrA-.

This study is considered as acceptable and satisfies the requirement for reverse gene mutation endpoint.