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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 200-745-3 | CAS number: 71-00-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 83.38 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 472.9 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 416.9 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
472.9 mg/kg bw/d in a rat 2y oral study
--> correct to worker, 8h inhalation:
(472.9 / 0.38) * (6.7 / 10) = 833.8 mg/m3
with:
* 0.38 m3/kg bw = total volume inhaled by a rat per day per kg bw
* 6.7 m3 / 10 m3 = correction for inhalation rate for a person performing light activity
--> assessment factor of 2, default value for oral-to-inhalation extrapolation:
NOAEC = 833.8 / 2 = 416.9 mg/m3
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No assessment factor required.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL from chronic test data available.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Included in route-to-route extrapolation.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- See below.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value in accordance with ECHA Guidance R.8
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Sufficient data of good quality available.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 236.45 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 20
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 472.9 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 4 729 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Modification of dose descriptor based on route-to-route extrapolation:
A dermal absorption rate of 10% was selected based on the low log Kow value of L-Histidine (- 3.32). According to ECHA Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.7c, substances with a log Kow below -1 are not likely to be sufficiently lipophilic to cross the stratum corneum. Therefore, dermal absorption is likely to be low, and a dermal absorption value of 10% is deemed appropriate.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No assessment factor required.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL from chronic test data available.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default value in accordance with ECHA Guidance R.8
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- See below.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value in accordance with ECHA Guidance R.8
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Sufficient data of good quality available.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 20.56 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 10
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 472.9 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 205.6 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
472.9 mg/kg bw/d in a rat 2y oral study
--> correct to general population, 24h inhalation:
(472.9 / 1.15) = 411.2 mg/m3
with:
* 1.15 m3/kg bw = total volume inhaled by a rat in 24h per kg bw
--> assessment factor of 2, default value for oral-to-inhalation extrapolation:
NOAEC = 411.2 / 2 = 205.6 mg/m3
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No assessment factor required.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Chronic study data available.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Included in route-to-route extrapolation.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- See below.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value ECHA Guidance R.8
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Sufficient data of good quality available.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- insufficient hazard data available (further information necessary)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 118.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 40
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 472.9 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 4 729 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Modification of dose descriptor based on route-to-route extrapolation:
A dermal absorption rate of 10% was selected based on the low log Kow value of L-Histidine (- 3.32). According to ECHA Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.7c, substances with a log Kow below -1 are not likely to be sufficiently lipophilic to cross the stratum corneum. Therefore, dermal absorption is likely to be low, and a dermal absorption value of 10% is deemed appropriate.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No assessment factor needed.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Chronic study data are available.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default value in accordance with ECHA Guidance R.8
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- See below.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value in accordance with ECHA Guidance R.8
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Sufficient data of good quality available.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 11.8 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 40
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 472.9 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 472.9 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No modification of the dose descriptor is required.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- No assessment factor required.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Chronic study result available.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default value in accordance with ECHA Guidance R.8
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- See below.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value in accordance with ECHA Guidance R.8
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Sufficient data of good quality available.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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