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EC number: 229-175-3 | CAS number: 6422-83-9
- Life Cycle description
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- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
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- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
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- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
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- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
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- Nanomaterial pour density
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
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- Genetic toxicity
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- Specific investigations
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- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017-04-24 to 2017-04-27
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- HPLC-DAD
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: The concentrations of the test item were determined at the start of the exposure (0 hours) of all tested concentrations and the control and after 24 hours of the highest test item concentration.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: The samples and the control were stabilized factor 2 with acetonitrile containing 0.2% H3PO4 directly after sampling. Further dilutions were made prior to analysis with acetonitrile : HPLC-water (30 : 70) containing 0.1% H3PO4. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMF (Dimethylformamide)
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: For the preparation of the test concentrations of the test item, appropriate stock solutions were prepared in DMF (solvent). With regard to the properties of the test item (i.e. the fast hydrolysis rate) an aprotic solvent has been chosen to prepare the test concentrations, The stock solutions were prepared in measuring flasks (10 mL capacity) by direct weighing of appropriate amounts of the test item into the measuring glass flasks.
Thereafter, the flasks were filled up with DMF to 10 mL. The stock solutions were treated with ultrasound for 1 minute at room temperature. The test concentrations were prepared by adding 0.100 mL/L of the appropriate stock solutions to the dilution water. These solutions were shaken manually and used for testing.
- Controls: Negative control (without test item), Solvent control, positive control: Potassium dichromate is tested twice a year as reference item
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): DMF (Dimethylformamide)
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) or suspension(s) including control(s)): 0.100 mL/L
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): No precipitation observed. - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green alga
- Strain: Desmodesmus subspicatus CHODAT SAG 86.81
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): Fresh stocks were prepared every month on Z-Agar.
- Method of cultivation: Cultured on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted to 2567 -- 5130 lux for 24 h per day.
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): Same as test medium - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- Nominal range: 21 - 24°C, controlled at ± 2°C
- pH:
- 7.38 to 7.48 at study initiation and 7.78 to 8.18 at study end
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.0 mg/L
Initial measured concentrations: 0.667, 1.33, 2.64, 5.28, 10.6 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Sterile Erlenmeyer flasks, volume: 250 mL, sealed with cotton wool plugs.
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Initial cells density: Nominal: approximately 2 - 5 E03 cells/mL; Actual: 5836 cells/mL
- Initial cells density: 5836 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 1957434 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Threefold concentrated AAP medium according to the guidelines
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: The pH of the test medium had to be 7.5 ± 0.1 and was adjusted prior to testing with addition of 1 M NaOH and HCl.
- Photoperiod: 24 hours/day light
- Light intensity and quality: 4440 to 8680 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: spectrophotometer; colorimeter
- Chlorophyll measurement: The cell density was measured daily via Chlorophyll-a-fluorescence, excitation at 436 nm, emission at 665 nm. Dilution water was used as background signal.
- Other: Microscopic evaluation of the cells at the start and end of the exposure was carried out. The cells were checked for unusual cell shapes, colour differences, differences in chloroplast morphology, flocculation, adherence of algae to test containers and agglutination of algae cells.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: geometrical series with a dilution factor of 2
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.0200, 0.200, 2.00, 10.0 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 2.64 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 5.28 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 10.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- > 10.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 10.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 0.667 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.667 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- < 0.667 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- < 0.667 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 10.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: No
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: Not reported
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- EC50:
growth: 0.697, CI: 0.647-0.755, Valid Range: 0.668 ± 0.375
yield: 0.325, CI: 0.308-0.343, Valid Range: 0.318 ± 0.130
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC10, EC20 and EC50-value with confidence intervals of yield inhibition after 72 hours was calculated by slgmoidal dose-response regression. The NOEC and LOEC were determined by calculation of statistically significant differences of growth rates and yield. As a standard, One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and DUNNETT’S test were used for NOEC/LOEC calculations. When running a One Way Analysis of Variance, a Normality test and an Equal Variance test were done first. P-values for both Normality and Equal Variance tests are 0.05. The α-value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) is α=0.05.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In this study 2,4-Bismaleimidotoluene was found to inhibit the growth rate of the freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus after 72 hours. The EC50-values with 95 % confidence intervals for both inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were > 10.6 mg/L, respectively. The EC10-values with 95 % confidence intervals for inhibition of growth rate (ErC10) and yield (EyC10) after 72 hours were > 10.6 mg/L and < 0.667 mg/L, respectively. The NOEC-values for both inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 hours were 2.64 and < 0.667 mg/L, respectively.
All effect levels are given based on the initially measured test item concentration of 2,4-Bismaleimidotoluene.
Reference
The measured concentrations of the test item at the start of the exposure were in the range of 106 to 107% of the nominal values. After 24 hours of the exposure, the highest concentration of the test item was < LOQ of the nominal values. Therefore it can be considered that the concentrations of the test item at the end of the exposure were below LOQ, too.
Table 1: Nominal and measured concentrations of the test item:
Sampling date |
Start of the exposure 0 h |
24 h |
|
Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] |
2,4-Bismaleimidotoluene |
||
Meas. conc. [mg/L] |
[%] |
Meas. conc. [mg/L] |
|
10.0 |
10.6 |
106 |
< LOQ |
5.00 |
5.28 |
106 |
n.d. |
2.50 |
2.64 |
106 |
n.d. |
1.25 |
1.33 |
106 |
n.d. |
0.625 |
0.667 |
107 |
n.d. |
Control |
< LOQ |
n.d. |
|
Solvent control |
< LOQ |
n.d. |
Table 2: Evaluation after 72h:
Initially measured test item concentration [mg/L] |
Replicate No. |
Growth rate [d-1] |
Inhibition of growth rate [%] |
Yield [cells/mL] |
Inhibition of yield[%] |
10.6 |
Mean |
1.68 |
7 |
906679 |
46 |
5.28 |
Mean |
1.74 |
4 |
1077259 |
36 |
2.64 |
Mean |
1.81 |
0 |
1308132 |
22 |
1.33 |
Mean |
1.72 |
5 |
1011234 |
40 |
0.667 |
Mean |
1.80 |
1 |
1288456 |
23 |
Solvent Control (0.100 ml- DMF/L) |
Mean |
1.81 |
|
1671719 |
|
Control |
Mean |
1.86 |
|
1950080 |
|
Table 3: Cell Densities:
Initially measured test item concentration[mg/L] |
ReplicateNo. |
0 hours |
Cell density [cells/mL] 24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
10.6 |
Mean |
5836 |
22887 |
136196 |
912515 |
5.28 |
Mean |
5836 |
30339 |
173720 |
1083095 |
2.64 |
Mean |
5836 |
33939 |
205138 |
1313968 |
1.33 |
Mean |
5836 |
36631 |
162145 |
1017070 |
0.667 |
Mean |
5836 |
37626 |
204756 |
1294292 |
Solvent Control (0.100 ml- DMF/L) |
Mean |
7354 |
52026 |
232087 |
1679073 |
Control |
Mean |
7354 |
43757 |
249930 |
1957434 |
Description of key information
- OECD guideline study (201, adopted 2011), fresh water green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus was exposed to nominal concentrations of 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.0 mg/L corresponding to initial measured concentrations of 0.667, 1.33, 2.64, 5.28, 10.6 mg/L for 72h under static conditions. EC50 = > 10.6 mg/L, EC10 = >10.6 mg/L and NOEC (growth) = 2.64 mg/L
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 10.6 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 10.6 mg/L
Additional information
In a study conducted according to OECD TG 201 freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus was exposed to 2,4 -Bismaleimidotoluene at nominal concentrations of 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.0 mg/L corresponding to initial measured concentrations of 0.667, 1.33, 2.64, 5.28, 10.6 mg/L for 72h under static conditions.
2,4-Bismaleimidotoluene was found to inhibit the growth rate of the freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus after 72 hours. The EC50-values with 95 % confidence intervals for both inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were > 10.6 mg/L, respectively. The EC10-values with 95 % confidence intervals for inhibition of growth rate (ErC10) and yield (EyC10) after 72 hours were > 10.6 mg/L and < 0.667 mg/L, respectively. The NOEC-values for both inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 hours were 2.64 and < 0.667 mg/L, respectively.
All effect levels are given based on the initially measured test item concentration of 2,4-Bismaleimidotoluene.
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