4-(3-phenylpropyl)pyridine

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

16 November 2017 to 04 January 2018

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Version / remarks:

2004

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

Version / remarks:

2008

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Specific details on test material used for the study:

The test item is listed as 4-PPP (CAS # 20657-49-0) and is a clear amber colored liquid stored at room temperature in the dark.

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Concentrations of the test solution used in the definitive test (0.63 mg/L, 1.25 mg/L, 2.5 mg/L 5.0 mg/L and 10 mg/L) were based on the results from a range-finding test using concentrations of 0.10 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L. Test solutions were prepared after 24 hour of stirring.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

The test was carried out using first instar Daphnia magna derived from in-house laboratory cultures.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test temperature:

20 °C to 22 °C

pH:

7.7 to 7.9

Dissolved oxygen:

8.4 to 9.7 mg O2/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Based on the results of the range-finding test the following nominal test concentrations were assigned to the definitive test: 0.63 mg/L, 1.25 mg/L, 2.5 mg/L, 5.0 mg/L and 10 mg/L. Chemical analysis of the test preparations at 0 hours showed measured test concentrations to range from 0.41 to 7.8 mg/L.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

A positive control (Envigo Study Number LK67NP) used potassium dichromate as the reference item at concentrations of 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, 1.8 and 3.2 mg/L.

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.81 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.41 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

0.85 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The EC50 values and associated confidence limits at 24 and 48 hours and the slope of the response curve and its standard error were calculated by Probit analysis using Linear Maximum-Likelihood regression. The Lowest Observed Effect Concentration and the No Observed Effect Concentration at 24 and 48 hours were calculated using the Step-down Cochran-Armitage Test Procedure. All results were calculated using the ToxRat Professional computer software package (TOXRAT).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

The test was considered valid since none of the control daphnids showed immobilisation or other signs of disease or stress and the oxygen concentration at the end of the test was equal to or greater than 3 mg/L in the control and test vessels.

Conclusions:

The test substance did induce acute immobilisation of Daphnia magna at the nominal concentrations tested after 48 h of exposure. Chemical analysis of the test preparations showed thtat the test item concentrations ranged from 0.41 mg/L to 7.8 mg/L at the initial 0 hr measurement. The effects concentrations were based on the 0 hour measured test concentrations and are as follows: 48-h NOEC was 0.41mg/L, the 48-h LOEC was 0.85 mg/L and the 48-hr EC50 was 0.81 mg/L.

Description of key information

The key study was a static acute invertebrate toxicity test on the effects of the substance on the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna following OECD Guideline 202.  The test substance did induce acute immobilisation of Daphnia magna at the nominal concentrations tested after 48 h of exposure. Chemical analysis of the test preparations showed that the test item concentrations ranged from 0.41 mg/L to 7.8 mg/L at the initial 0-h measurement. The effects concentrations were based on the 0-h measured test concentrations and are as follows: 48-h NOEC was 0.41mg/L, the 48-h LOEC was 0.85 mg/L and the 48-hr EC₅₀ was 0.81 mg/L. 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

0.81 mg/L