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EC number: 223-888-3 | CAS number: 4109-96-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
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- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
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- Endpoint summary
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- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
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- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
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- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
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- Additional toxicological data

Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
The requirement for acute oral and dermal studies is waived on the basis that dichlorosilane is classified as corrosive. In an inhalation whole body exposure acute study with dichlorosilane, the LC50 after a 1-hour exposure period was calculated to be 314 ppm (1297 mg/m3), which equates to a 4-hour LC50 of 157 ppm (649 mg/m3).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 17 June to 7 July 1986
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 1 hour exposure period
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan Inc., USA
- Age at study initiation: 63 to 77 days
- Weight at study initiation: 234-298 g (male), 200-243 g (female)
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: stainless steel wire mesh cages
- Diet (ad libitum): pelleted feed (Purina Co., USA)
- Water (ad libitum): tap water
- Acclimation period: at least 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 - 24
- Humidity (%): 42 - 69
- Air changes (per hr): not stated
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
IN-LIFE DATES: From: 27 May 1986 To: 7 July 1986 - Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: cuboidal stainless-steel and Plexiglass chamber
- Exposure chamber volume: 120 L
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: wire mesh cage
- Source and rate of air: 30 or 50 L/min
- Method of conditioning air: not stated
- System of generating test atmosphere: dichlorosilane contained in a gas cylinder, metered through a flow meter and diluted with dry or humidified air
- Treatment of exhaust air: not stated
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: see tables
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: gas chromatograph with hot wire detector
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Duration of exposure:
- 1 h
- Concentrations:
- 257, 493, 1000 ppm
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of weighing: prior to exposure, Days 7 and 14
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes - Statistics:
- The means and standard deviations of the body weights, body weight changes and exposure concentrations were calculated. No statistical comparisons were made. The LC50 was determined by a modified method of Pinney's (1954) probit analysis.
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 314 ppm
- Based on:
- other: nominal concentration
- 95% CL:
- 211 - 466
- Exp. duration:
- 1 h
- Mortality:
- Mortalities were recorded in all exposure groups except for 257 ppm females (see table).
- Clinical signs:
- other: Clinical signs observed on the day of exposure included lacrimation, perioral and perinasal wetness, mouth breathing, audible respiration and cloudy eyes. During the post-exposure period decreased motor activity, audible respiration, unkempt fur and perio
- Body weight:
- A loss of body weight was recorded for all survivors on Day 7, body weight gain was recorded during the second post-exposure week (Days 7 to 14).
- Gross pathology:
- Gross lesions considered to be exposure-related were noted in animals which died and included red or dark discolouration of the lungs, fluid-filled pleural cavities and trachea, periocular and perinasal encrustation and cloudy eyes. There were no remarkable findings in animals that survived the 14-day observation period.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- One hour inhalation whole body exposure to dichlorosilane at nominal concentrations of 257, 493 or 1000 ppm resulted in mortalities at all concentrations and clinical signs consistent with exposure to hydrogen chloride. The LC50 for dichlorosilane was calculated to be 314 ppm (95% confidence limits 211 - 466 ppm). This equates to a 4-hour LC50 of 157 ppm.
Reference
No dichlorosilane vapour was found in any of the four exposure chamber atmospheres. Water vapour reacted with dichlorosilane quickly and completely in both the low and high relative humidity experiments. The metered (nominal) dichlorosilane concentrations (% relative humidity values) for the four exposures were 1000 ppm (41%), 493 ppm (25%), 493 ppm (80%) and 257 ppm (12%).
Table 1 - Summary of Mortality
Nominal Dichlorosilane Exposure Concentration (ppm) |
Exposure Chamber Relative Humidity (%) |
Sex |
Time of death |
Total Incidence |
|||||||
During exposure |
Post exposure day |
||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
8 |
9 |
12 |
|||||
1000 |
41 |
M F |
0 0 |
5 5 |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
5/5 5/5 |
493 |
25 |
M F |
0 0 |
0 0 |
2 3 |
2 0 |
0 1 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
1 0 |
5/5 4/5 |
493 |
80 |
M F |
0 0 |
5 4 |
0 1 |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
5/5 5/5 |
257 |
12 |
M F |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
2 0 |
1 0 |
0 0 |
3/5 0/5 |
Table 2 - Chamber atmosphere conditions
Nominal Dichlorosilane |
Temperature (oC) |
Relative Humidity (%) |
1000 493 493 257 |
25 ± 1 23 ± 0 23 ± 0 23 ± 1 |
41 ± 15 25 ±11 80 ± 1 12 ± 9 |
Table 3 - Nominal Exposure Concentrations
Nominal Dichlorosilane |
Relative |
Exposure |
Chamber |
Dichlorosilane |
Actual Dichlorosilane |
1000 493 493 257 |
41 25 80 12 |
60 60 60 60 |
30 50 50 50 |
30.0 24.7 24.7 12.9 |
0 0 0 0 |
Table 4 - Hydrogen Chloride Exposure Concentrations
Nominal Dichlorosilane |
Relative |
Mean (±SD) Exposure Conc of Hydrogen Chloride (ppm) |
|
GC Method |
Detector Tube Method |
||
1000 493 493 257 |
41 25 80 12 |
1050 (± 237) 1880 (± 77) < 250 320 (± 191) |
2300 (± 260) 1870 (± 153) 770 (± 231) 850 (± 71) |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Value:
- 649 mg/m³ air
- Quality of whole database:
- Study was conducted according to a design comparable with an appropriate guideline and in compliance with GLP.
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
In the key whole-body inhalation study with dichlorosilane (BRRC, 1986) the LC50 after a 1-hour exposure period was calculated to be 314 ppm (1297 mg/m3), which equates to a 4 -hour LC50 of 157 ppm (649 mg/m3). However, no dichlorosilane was found in any of the exposure chamber atmospheres at relative humidities of 12%, 25%, 25% or 80% indicating that it had reacted with water vapour quickly and completely. Mortality, body weight loss and clinical signs consistent with local irritancy were recorded at all exposure concentrations. A supporting whole-body inhalation study with dichlorosilane in male mice (Nakashima, 1996) calculated the LC50 to be 144 ppm (595 mg/m3) and noted histological changes in the nasal cavity consistent with local irritancy.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the available inhalation information, dichlorosilane requires classification as Acute Toxicity Inhalation Category 2, H330: Fatal if inhaled, according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
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