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EC number: 810-260-4 | CAS number: 1115251-57-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 10-18 May 2012
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well conducted and well described study in accordance with GLP and OECD Guideline 201 without any deviation
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 012
- Report date:
- 2012
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 4,4’-Bis[sec-alkyl(C10-C13)phenyl]iodonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate
- EC Number:
- 810-260-4
- Cas Number:
- 1115251-57-4
- IUPAC Name:
- 4,4’-Bis[sec-alkyl(C10-C13)phenyl]iodonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate
- Test material form:
- liquid: viscous
- Details on test material:
- - Physical state: Clear colorless viscous liquid (after heating)
- Lot/batch No.: 11GP0077
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 1 April 2014
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature in the dark
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: Samples were taken from the uninoculated control and 100 mg/L loading rate WAF test group at 0 and 72 h for Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Duplicate samples were taken and stored at approximately -20 °C for further analysis if necessary.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The test item was heated to 50 °C prior to use. An amount of test item (200 mg) was weighed and added to the surface of 2 L of culture medium to give the 100 mg/L loading rate. After the addition of the test item, the culture medium was stirred by magnetic stirrer using a stirring rate such that a vortex was formed to give a dimple at the water surface. The stirring was stopped after 23 h and the mixture allowed to stand for 1 h. A wide bore glass tube, covered at one end with Nescofilm was submerged into the vessel, sealed end down, to a depth of approximately 5 cm from the bottom of the vessel. A length of Tygon tubing was inserted into the glass tube and pushed through the Nescofilm seal. The aqueous phase or WAF was removed by mid-depth siphoning (the first 75-100 mL discarded) to give the 100 mg/L loading rate WAF. An aliquot (1 L) of the WAF was inoculated with algal suspension (6.3 mL) to give the required test concentration of 100 mg/L loading rate WAF.
- Controls: The control group was maintained under identical conditions but not exposed to the test item.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Algae
- Strain: CCAP 278/4
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP), SAMS Research Services Ltd, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, Scotland
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): Yes, same as test
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No data
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- 24 ± 1 °C
- pH:
- 7.3-7.8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Range-finding test: 10 and 100 mg/L loading rate WAF (nominal)
- Definitive test: 100 mg/L loading rate WAF (nominal) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL glass conical flasks containing 100 mL of test preparation and plugged with polyurethane foam bungs
- Initial nominal cell density: 5000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 693000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Six
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): Six
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: Yes, AAP-medium (US. EPA)
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reverse osmosis purified deionized water (Elga Optima 15+)
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: Continuous illumination (intensity approximately 7000 lux) provided by warm white lighting (380-730 nm)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable)
- Determination of cell concentrations: Samples were taken at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h and the cell densities were determined using a Coulter®Multisizer Particle Counter.
- pH was measured at initiation of the test and after 72 h of exposure using a WTW pH 320 pH meter.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 10 and 100 mg/L loading rate WAF
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: In the range-finding test, no significant effect on growth rate was noted at 10 and 100 mg/L loading rate WAF. Based on this information a single loading rate of six replicates of 100 mg/L, using a stirring period of 23 h followed by a 1 h standing period, was selected for the definitive test. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate (non-concurrent): 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/L
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ErL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: loading rate WAF
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EyL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: loading rate WAF
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: loading rate WAF
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): Yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): No abnormalities were detected in any of the control or test cultures.
- Colour differences: At the start of the test all control and test cultures were observed to be clear colorless solutions. After the 72 h test period all control and test cultures were observed to be green dispersions.
- Aggregation of algal cells: Microscopic examination of the WAF showed there to be no globules or micro-dispersions of test item present.
- For more details, refer tables 6.1.5/1, 6.1.5/2 and 6.1.5/3 - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - ErC50 (0-72 h): 1.4 mg/L (1.2-1.7 mg/L)
- EyC50 (0-72 h): 0.59 mg/L (0.53-0.65 mg/L)
- No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) based on growth rate: 0.25 mg/L
- No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) based on yield: 0.25 mg/L
- Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) based on growth rate: 0.50 mg/L
- Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) based on yield: 0.50 mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- - A Student's t-test incorporating Bartlett's test for homogeneity of variance (Sokal and Rohlf, 1981) was carried out on the growth rate and yield data after 72 h for the control and the 100 mg/L loading rate to determine any statistically significant differences between the test and control groups.
- All statistical analyses were performed using the SAS computer software package (SAS 1999-2001).
Any other information on results incl. tables
- Validation of Mixing Period: Pre-study work indicated that there was no significant increase in the amount of total organic carbon by extending the preparation period for longer than 24 h.
- Chemical analysis results: Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis of the test preparations was performed at 0 and 72 h which showed measured concentrations of less than the limit of quantitation (LOQ), which was considered to be 1.0 mg C/L were obtained. Given that the toxicity cannot be attributed to a single component or a mixture of components but to the test item as a whole, and the dissolved test item was below the quantifiable limit of the analytical method, the results were based on nominal loading rates only.
Table 6.1.5/1: Cell densities and pH values in the definitive test
Nominal Concentration |
pH |
Cell Densities* (cells per mL) |
pH |
||||
0 h |
0 h |
24 h |
48 h |
72h |
72h |
||
Control |
R1 |
7.3 |
6.96E+03 |
2.48E+04 |
1.29E+05 |
8.12E+05 |
7.8 |
100 |
R1 |
7.3 |
5.89E+03 |
2.06E+04 |
1.28E+05 |
7.55E+05 |
7.8 |
* Cell densities represent the mean number of cells per mL calculated from the mean of the cell counts from 3 counts for each of the replicate flasks.
R1-R6 = Replicates 1 to 6
Table 6.1.5/2: Daily specific growth rates for the control cultures in the definitive test
Daily Specific Growth Rate (cells/mL/h) |
||||
Day 0-1 |
Day 1-2 |
Day 2-3 |
||
Control |
R1 |
0.067 |
0.069 |
0.077 |
R2 |
0.051 |
0.061 |
0.081 |
|
R3 |
0.061 |
0.073 |
0.077 |
|
R4 |
0.055 |
0.072 |
0.076 |
|
R5 |
0.065 |
0.071 |
0.070 |
|
R6 |
0.049 |
0.079 |
0.077 |
|
Mean |
0.058 |
0.071 |
0.076 |
Table 6.1.5/3: Inhibition of growth rate and yield in the definitive test
Nominal Loading Rate |
Growth Rate |
Yield |
|||
0-72 h |
% Inhibition* |
0-72 h |
% Inhibition* |
||
Control |
R1 |
0.071 |
-
|
8.05E+05 |
- |
100 |
R1 |
0.070 |
[1] |
7.49E+05 |
9 |
* In accordance with the OECD test guideline only the mean value for yield is calculated
SD = Standard Deviation
[Increase in growth as compared to controls]
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- control cultures (0-72 h): cell concentration increased by 106 folds; mean CV for section by section specific growth rate was 14 %; CV for average specific growth rate was 3 %
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, the 72 h ErL50 and EyL50 for test item is greater than 100 mg/L loading rate WAF in green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). The No Observed Effect Loading Rate was 100 mg/L loading rate WAF.
- Executive summary:
In an algal toxicity study performed in accordance with OECD guideline 201 and GLP, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was exposed to a Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) of the test item,at a single nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L (six replicate flasks) for 72 h, under constant illumination and shaking at 24 ± 1 °C. Measurement of biomass and growth inhibition was done by determination of cell densities at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h using electronic particle counter. A preliminary range-finding test was also conducted during which no effect on algal growth was observed at 10 and 100 mg/L loading rate WAF.
In the main test, after 72 h, cell concentration in the control culture increased by 106 folds; mean CV for section by section specific growth rate was 14 and CV for average specific growth rate was 3 %. Hence, it met the validity criteria for the control vessels. The ErL50 (effective loading rate) and EyL50 at 72 h were determined to be >100 mg/L loading rate WAF. The No Observed Effect Loading Rate was 100 mg/L loading rate WAF.
It was considered unnecessary and unrealistic to test at loading rates in excess of 100 mg /L. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis of the test preparations was performed at 0 and 72 h which showed measured concentrations of less than the limit of quantitation (LOQ), which was considered to be 1.0 mg C/L were obtained. Given that the toxicity cannot be attributed to a single component or a mixture of components but to the test item as a whole, and the dissolved test item was below the quantifiable limit of the analytical method, the results were based on nominal loading rates only.
Under the test conditions, the 72 h ErL50 and EyL50 for test material is greater than 100 mg/L loading rate WAF in green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). The No Observed Effect Loading Rate was 100 mg/L loading rate WAF.
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