Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

04-Aug-2014 to 18-Aug-2014

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2014

Report date:

2014

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics

EC Number:

940-727-9

Cas Number:

1437281-03-2

Molecular formula:

C12H26 to C15H32

IUPAC Name:

Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics

IUPAC Name:

Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics

Test material form:

other: liquid

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics
- Substance type: Clear colourless liquid
- Physical state: Liquid
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature in the dark

Method

Target gene:

- S. typhimurium: Histidine gene
- E. coli: Tryptophan gene

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Rat liver S9-mix induced by Aroclor

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Experiment 1
Preliminary test (without and with S9) TA100 and WP2uvrA: 1.7, 5.4, 17, 52, 164, 512, 1600 and 5000 µg/plate
Main study: TA1535, TA1537 and TA98:
Without and with S9-mix: 17, 52, 164, 512 and 1600 µg/plate
Experiment 2:
Without and with S9-mix: 52, 164, 512, 1600 and 5000 µg/plate

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: ethanol
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: Test compound was soluble in ethanol and ethanol has been accepted and approved by authorities and international guidelines

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

methylmethanesulfonate

Remarks:

without S9: 650 µg/plate in DMSO for TA100

Controls 2

Positive control substance:

2-nitrofluorene

Remarks:

without S9: 10 µg/plate in DMSO for TA98 and 15 µg/plate for TA1537

Controls 3

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

Remarks:

without S9: 10 µg/plate in DMSO for WP2uvrA

Controls 4

Positive control substance:

sodium azide

Remarks:

without S9: 5 µg/plate in saline for TA1535

Controls 5

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene in DMSO for all tester strains

Remarks:

with S9

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)

DURATION
- Exposure duration: 48 hour

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Doses of the test substance were tested in triplicate in each strain. Two independent experiments were conducted.

NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: 10E8 per plate

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: The reduction of the bacterial background lawn, the increase in the size of the microcolonies and the reduction of the revertant colonies.

OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- The presence of precipitation of the test compound on the plates was determined.

Evaluation criteria:

A test substance is considered negative (not mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in tester strain TA100 is not greater than two (2) times the concurrent control, and the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 or WP2uvrA is not greater than three (3) times the concurrent control.
b) The negative response should be reproducible in at least one independently repeated experiment.

A test substance is considered positive if:
a) A two-fold (TA100) or more or a three-fold (TA1535, TA1537, TA98, WP2uvrA) or more increase above solvent control in the mean number of revertant colonies is observed in the test substance group.
b) In case a repeat experiment is performed when a positive response is observed in one of the tester strains, the positive response should be reproducible in at least one independently repeated experiment.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 4

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 5

Key result

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: Slight precipitation (droplets of the test substance) was observed at dose levels of 1600 and 5000 µg/plate


RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
-No reduction of the bacterial background lawn and no biologically relevant decrease in the number of revertants were observed.

COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA:
- The negative and strain-specific positive control values were within our laboratory historical control data ranges indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
In the second mutation assay, there was no reduction of the bacterial background lawn and no biologically relevant decrease in the number of revertants at any of the concentrations tested in all tester strains in the absence and presence of S9-mix.

Any other information on results incl. tables

 In the first mutation experiment, no dose level with precipitate or toxicity was tested in the tester strains TA1535, TA1537 and TA98.

Evaluation: Although precipitation of the test substance on the plates was observed at concentrations of 1600 and 5000 µg/plate in the dose range finding, no precipitation was observed at 1600 µg/plate in the first experiment anymore. Since clear negative responses were observed in all tester strain tested and in both the dose range finding test and the second mutation experiment the test substance was tested up to 5000 µg/plate, the lack of a dose level with precipitate or toxicityhad no influence on the study.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results:
negative with and without metabolic activation

An Ames test was performed with Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics according to OECD 471 and GLP. Strains tested were Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537, and Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA, both with and without metabolic activation (Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S9). The test was negative both with and without metabolic activation.

Executive summary:

Hydrocarbons, C12-C15, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, <2% aromatics did not induce a significant dose-related increase in the number of revertant (His+) colonies in each of the four tester strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and in the number of revertant (Trp+) colonies in tester strain WP2uvrA both in the absence and presence of S9-metabolic activation. These results were confirmed in an independently repeated experiment.

 

In this study, the negative and strain-specific positive control values were within the laboratory historical control data ranges indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly.