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EC number: 222-492-8 | CAS number: 3495-36-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Sediment toxicity
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- sediment toxicity: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From April 22, 2003 to May 2, 2003
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- A) Test methods were conducted in accordance with SOP 102, which conforms to the Paris Commission guidelines for conducting sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod Corophium volutator (OSPARCOM, 1995). GLP practices have also been observed in the study. B) Well-defined information were provided on: 1. Test system (test species, source, test vessels, test and stock solutions, test conditions and composition) 2. Compositional information of the test substance and controls used. 3. Test procedure (treatment groups, controls) 4. Detailed test results and observations 5. Calculation of LC50 and LC90 and NOEC values for each sampling time.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Paris Commission guidelines for conducting sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod Corophium volutator (OSPARCOM, 1995)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The pH exceeded the upper limit by up to 0.19 pH units in the 10000 mg/kg test concentration on day10.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- Sampling of test water done on Days 0, 3, 6, 8 and 10. Dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity and temperature were measured on Days 0, 3, 6 and 10. Conductivity measurement was additionally done on Day 8.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- Corophium volutator
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: No data
- Strain/clone: No data
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: Not applicable
- Source: Bay of Suckquoy, near Sebay farm in Orkney
- Details on collection: Specimens were collected by gentle sieving from their natural sediment, held in 5 L plastic containers with some ambient water and detritus. They were transferred to gently aerated ambient water at 10.5 ˚C in 200 L polythene tanks in temperature controlled room in the laboratory.
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): No data
- Breeding conditions: No breeding after collection
- Handling of egg masses and larvae: No data
- Age of animals at beginning of exposure: Age not specified, length - 5 mm (excluding rostrum) at study initiation
- Feeding during test
- Food type: No feeding during test
- Amount: Notapplicable
- Frequency: Not applicable
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 6 d
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Animals were gradually acclimated from the ambient salinity of 2 % to that of undiluted seawater (approximately 35 %) in increments of approximately 10 % per day. On completion of the acclimation, the stock animals were maintained under semi-static conditions till initiation of study.
- Type and amount of food:Detrital material, ad libitum
- Feeding frequency: No data
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): No mortality observed - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Type of sediment:
- natural sediment
- Limit test:
- yes
- Duration:
- 10 d
- Exposure phase:
- total exposure duration
- Post exposure observation period:
- No
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- 14.0-15.7 ˚C
- pH:
- 8.02-8.69
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 95-101 mg O2/L
- Salinity:
- No data
- Ammonia:
- No data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Target wet weight nominal conc. (mg/kg): 10, 100, 320, 1,000 and 10,000
Nominal wet weight conc. (mg/kg): 13.29, 131.44, 420.82, 1,316.00 and 13,150.93 - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): 1 L
- Sediment volume:1 L capacity glass beakers containing 2 cm depth (approximately 150 mL) of amended sediment and 850 mL of overlying seawater (I µm filtered ultra violet treated seawater)
- Weight of wet sediment with and without pore water:
- Overlying water volume: 850 mL
- Depth of sediment and overlying water: Sediment depth - 2 cm
- Aeration: Yes
- Aeration frequency and intensity: Aeration was provided and a stream of air bubbles were released at a depth of approximately 6 cm, frequency not reported
- Replacement of evaporated test water, if any: No data
EXPOSURE REGIME
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 60 animals per concentration, 100 animals in five vessels for controls
- No. of replicates per treatment group: Three replicates
- No. of replicates per control / vehicle control: Five replicates
- Feeding regime: No feeding
- Type and preparation of food: Not applicable
- Amount of food: Not applicable
RENEWAL OF OVERLYING WATER
- Details on volume additions: No data
- Flow-rate: No data
OVERLYING WATER CHARACTERISTCS
- Type of water (e.g. deionized, ground water, sea water, Elendt medium acc. to OECD 219): Sea water
- Source of water (if non-standard medium)
- Location: Seawater for testing was supplied by pump from Scapa Flow, Orkney
- Description of sampling site: No data
- Filtration: All seawater is UV sterilised and filtered to 1 µm before being employed for testing.
SOURCE OF NATURAL SEDIMENT
- Location and description of sampling site: Collected from a point adjacent to the site of Corophium collection (Bay of Suckquoy)
- Contamination history of site: No data
HANDLING OF NATURAL SEDIMENT- The sediment was wet-sieved through a 0.6 mm mesh to remove larger infaunal organisms and Corophium within the test size range, and allowed to settle in a polyethylene container. After settling, the supernatant water was decanted and the sediment stored at 4±2 ˚C, until required for testing.
- Time of collection: No data
- Core depth: No data
- Water depth: No data
- Storage conditions: Stored at 4±2 ˚C until used for testing
- Storage duration (prior to test): No data
CHARACTERIZATION OF (ARTIFICIAL; delete if not applicable) SEDIMENT
- % dry weight of sphagnum moss peat: No data
- Particle size distribution - Median particle diameter was 151 µm
- % sand: Fine sand
- % silt: silt/clay content of 3.56 % by weight
- % clay: silt/clay content of 3.56 % by weight
- Sediment sieved: yes, mesh size - 0.6 mm
- Total organic carbon (%): Total organic material as determined from weight loss on ignition was 1.34%.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Light quality: No data
- Photoperiod: Constant dim illumination
- Light intensity: Dim
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Mortality, observed after 10 d
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: Yes
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: ~ 10
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: No data
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: No range finding study reported
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Not applicable - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 10 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LC90
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 11 851.3 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Key result
- Duration:
- 10 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 6 652.88 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 7675.89 mg/kg - 5227.98 mg/kg
- Key result
- Duration:
- 10 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 1 316 mg/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of test animals at end of exposure period: Dose dependent mortality observed from 13.29 mg/kg, 100 % mortality observed at the highest dose of 13150.93 mg/kg
- Other biological observations: No visible signs of animals on the sediment surface whether alive or dead were recorded - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No details available
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 1. Dissolved oxygen range - 95-101 % (more than 85 %). 2. pH range, 8.02-8.65, was approx. within prescribed limit (7.5-8.5). 3. Temperature range, 14.0-15.7, was within the limit (13-17 degree Celsius). 4. Control mortality, 3 %, was within 15 %.
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions the nominal 10 d LC50 and LC90 were 6,652.88 and 11,851.3 mg/kg respectively and the NOEC was determined to be 1,316 mg/kg.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the test substance to the marine amphipod Corophium volutator. The procedure was performed in accordance with SOP 102, which conforms to the Paris Commission guidelines for conducting sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod Corophium volutator (OSPARCOM, 1995). Amphipods were exposed for 10 days to test medium in 1 L capacity glass jar containing 2 cm depth (approximately 150 mL) of amended sediment and 850 mL of overlying seawater. The test substance concentrations were equivalent to 0, 13.29, 131.44, 420.82, 1,316.00, 13,150.93 mg/kg dry weight. No analytical dose verification was conducted. During the test animals were monitored for mortality. Under the study conditions, the nominal 10 d LC50 and LC90 were 6,652.88 and 11,851.3 mg/kg respectively and the NOEC was determined to be 1,316 mg/kg (Hudson, 2003).
Reference
Mortality observed in control after 10 d
Vessels |
Number of animals per vessel |
Mortality |
Mortality per vessel |
Raw mean |
1 |
20 |
0.05 |
1 |
0.03 (3 %) |
2 |
20 |
0.00 |
0 |
|
3 |
20 |
0.05 |
1 |
|
4 |
20 |
0.05 |
1 |
|
5 |
20 |
0.00 |
0 |
Mortality observed in test concentrations after 10 d
Treatment mg/kg dry weight |
Number of animals per concentration |
Mortality |
Raw mean (proportional response) |
13.29 |
60 |
2 |
0.03 |
131.44 |
60 |
3 |
0.05 |
420.82 |
60 |
3 |
0.05 |
1,316.00 |
60 |
7 |
0.12 |
13,150.93 |
60 |
60 |
1.00 |
Test water chemistry:
Wet wt conc. Rep |
Day 0 |
Day 3 |
Day 8 |
Day 10 |
||||||||
DO |
pH |
T |
DO |
pH |
T |
DO |
pH |
T |
DO |
pH |
T |
|
10 |
97- 98 |
8.05 |
14.8- 14.9 |
96-97 |
8.02 |
14.0 |
95- 96 |
8.11 |
15.3 |
101 - 99 |
8.16 -8.14 |
14.7 - 14.6 |
100 |
97- 98 |
8.07 |
14.8- 14.9 |
96 |
8.02 |
14.0- 14.1 |
97- 96 |
8.09 - 8.12 |
15.3 - 15.4 |
99 - 99 |
8.16 |
14.7 - 14.6 |
320 |
97- 98 |
8.07 |
14.9 |
96 |
8.06 |
14.1- 14.2 |
97 |
8.12 |
15.4 - 15.5 |
99 - 100 |
8.15 - 8.19 |
14.7 |
1,000 |
97- 98 |
8.09 |
14.9- 15.0 |
96-97 |
8.12- 8.13 |
14.2 |
97- 96 |
8.23 - 8.25 |
15.5 - 15.6 |
99 - 100 |
8.26- 8.32 |
14.7 |
10,000 |
97- 98 |
8.07 - 8.09 |
14.9 |
96-97 |
8.20- 8.21 |
14.3 |
95- 97 |
8.52 - 8.52 |
15.6 - 15.7 |
99 - 101 |
8.65 - 8.69 |
14.8 |
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 or LC50 for marine water sediment:
- 6 652.88 mg/kg sediment dw
- EC10, LC10 or NOEC for marine water sediment:
- 1 316 mg/kg sediment dw
Additional information
A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the test substance to the marine amphipod Corophium volutator. The procedure was performed in accordance with SOP 102, which conforms to the Paris Commission guidelines for conducting sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod Corophium volutator (OSPARCOM, 1995). Amphipods were exposed for 10 days to test medium in 1 L capacity glass jar containing 2 cm depth (approximately 150 mL) of amended sediment and 850 mL of overlying seawater. The test substance concentrations were equivalent to 0, 13.29, 131.44, 420.82, 1,316.00, 13,150.93 mg/kg dry weight. No analytical dose verification was conducted. During the test animals were monitored for mortality. Under the study conditions, the nominal 10 d LC50 and LC90 were 6,652.88 and 11,851.3 mg/kg respectively and the NOEC was determined to be 1,316 mg/kg (Hudson, 2003).
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