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EC number: 222-492-8 | CAS number: 3495-36-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From January 14, 1997 to January 21, 1997
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 997
- Report date:
- 1997
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OTS 798.4470 (Acute Dermal Irritation)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Cesium formate
- EC Number:
- 222-492-8
- EC Name:
- Cesium formate
- Cas Number:
- 3495-36-1
- Molecular formula:
- HCO2.Cs, Cs+HCOO-, CH2O2.Cs
- IUPAC Name:
- Caesium formate
- Test material form:
- liquid
- Details on test material:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Cesium Formate
Physical state: Clear colorless liquid
Storage condition of test material: Room temperature
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Myrtle's Rabbitry Incorporated (U.S.D.A. licensed supplier) 4678 Bethesda Road Thompson Station, TN 37179
- Age at study initiation: Adult
- Weight at study initiation: 2.516 to 2.728 kg
- Housing: Housed singly in wire mesh suspension cage
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Teklad Hi-Fiber Rabbit Diet
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Tap water
- Acclimation period: 5 d
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 61- 72 °F
- Humidity (%): 30- 70 %
- Air changes (per hr): Not reported
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 h light/12 h dark cycle
Test system
- Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: One day prior to test substance administration, hair from dorsal surface of the trunk was clipped using an electric clipper. The test site was inspected for any signs of irritation, interfering lesions or defects before the application.
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 mL
- Concentration (if solution): Undiluted - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 h
- Observation period:
- The application sites were observed approximately ½ -1, 24, 48 and 72 h after removal of test substance. For animals exhibiting irritation at the 72 h reading, an additional skin reading was conducted on Day 7 to check for the reversibility of the irritation.
- Number of animals:
- Six (three males and three females)
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 1 x 1 inch
- % coverage: Not reported
- Type of wrap if used: Two-layered 1 inch2 gauze patch
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): Using a paper towel moistened with tap water
- Time after start of exposure: 4 h
SCORING SYSTEM: According to Draize (1995). Appraisal of the safety of chemicals in food, drugs and cosmetics. Association of the food and drug officials of the United States. Austin, Texas
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal: mean
- Time point:
- other: 0.5 -1 h
- Score:
- ca. 1.67
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.5 -1 h
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal: mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- ca. 1.17
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal: mean
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- ca. 0.83
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal: mean
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- ca. 0.5
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal: mean
- Time point:
- other: 0.5 -1 h
- Score:
- ca. 1.67
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.5-1 h
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal: mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- ca. 0.67
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal: mean
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- ca. 0.5
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal: mean
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- ca. 0.33
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- No evidence of corrosion or necrosis was observed in the treated animals.
All animals exhibited slight to well defined erythema and slight edema at ½ to 1 h reading. 3/6 animals were recovered by 72 h and the remaining by Day 7. The primary irritation index was calculated as 1.8. - Other effects:
- Desquamation in texture of the skin was also observed.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Individual scores
Score for each rabbit for erythema and eschar formation |
||||||||
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 4 |
No. 5 |
No. 6 |
Total Score |
Average Score |
|
½ -1 h |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
10 |
1.67 |
24 h |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
7 |
1.17 |
48 h |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
0.83 |
72 h |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
0.50 |
Day 7 |
0 |
ND |
ND |
OW |
OW |
ND |
0 |
0.00 |
Score for each rabbit for edema formation |
||||||||
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 4 |
No. 5 |
No. 6 |
Total Score |
Average Score |
|
½ -1 h |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
10 |
1.67 |
24 h |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
0.67 |
48 h |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
0.50 |
72 h |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
0.33 |
Day 7 |
0 |
ND |
ND |
0 |
0 |
ND |
0 |
0.00 |
Maximum score for erythema and eschar formation: 2, and Maximum score for edema formation: 2
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions no evidence of corrosion or necrosis was observed in the treated animals. All animals exhibited only slight to well defined erythema and slight edema, which recovered in three animals by 72 h and in the remaining three animals by Day 7.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the skin irritation potential of the test substance in New Zealand White rabbits according to OECD Guideline 404 and EPA Pesticide Assessment Guideline, Subdivision F (81-5) EPA Health Effects Testing Guideline (TSCA Guideline No 798.4470), in compliance with GLP. Following the test site preparation by clipping hair one day prior to application, 0.5 mL of undiluted test substance was applied to the dorsal skin surface under a gauze patch which was then covered by a semiocclusive dressing around the trunk. After 4 h of exposure period, the test substance was removed and the animals were observed during 72 h for skin reactions and additionally until Day 7 for unresolved skin reactions. Scoring was conducted according to the Draize method. Under the study conditions, no evidence of corrosion or necrosis was observed in the treated animals. All animals exhibited only slight to well defined erythema and slight edema, which recovered in three animals by 72 h and in the remaining three animals by Day 7. The primary irritation index was calculated as 1.8(Harrod, 1997).
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