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EC number: 619-057-3 | CAS number: 94667-33-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
The acute oral LD50 is 1157 mg/kg bw. The acute dermal LD50 of the read-across substance DDAC is 3342 mg a.s./kg bw, equivalent to 5.56 mL/kg bw test substance (assuming a density of 1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2 April 2001 to 4 May 2001
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.1100 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained from Ace Animals, Inc., Boyertown, Pennsylvania, USA, aged 8-12 weeks and weighing 204-234 g (males) and 150-184g (females). The animals were housed singly in suspended stainless steel cages, the temperature and relative humidity were 18-23°C and 35-72%, respectively, lighting was provided according to a 12 hour light/dark cycle. The rats were provided with food (Purina Rodent Chow #5012) ad libitum, except during fasting prior to dosing (approximately 18 hours pre-dose and 3.5 hours after dosing). Water (filtered tap water)was provided ad libitum. Rats in the range finding screen were acclimatised for 29 days; the test animals were acclimated for 10 days.
In-life dates of main test animals: 20 April to 4 May, 2001. - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on oral exposure:
- Individual doses were calculated based on initial body weights, taking into account the specific gravity of the test substance. Each rat received the appropriate amount of test substance as a single administration by gavage.
- Doses:
- 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 mg/kg bw.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- A range finding screen was conducted prior to the main test for selection of dose levels, with four male and four female rats. The test substance was administered to fasted rats at 500 and 2000 mg/kg bw. The animals were observed for 7 days after dosing. One male and one female from the 2000 mg/kg bw group died (50% mortality). Based on the range finding, dose levels of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg/kg bw were selected for the main test.
The observation period was 14 days. The rats were observed for clinical signs and mortality, and body weights were recorded. Gross necropsy was performed on rats that died during the study and on survivors at the end of the 14 day observation period. - Statistics:
- Moving Average Method was used to calculate the LD50.
- Preliminary study:
- Range-finding: one male and one female from the 2000 mg/kg bw group died (50% mortality).
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 972 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- >= 798 - <= 1 237
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 1 414 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- >= 845 - <= 2 367
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 1 157 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- >= 833 - <= 1 519
- Mortality:
- There were no mortalities at 500 mg/kg bw. There was a dose-related increase in mortality in the remaining groups:
1000 mg/kg bw: 4/10 (3/5 males; 1/5 females), 2000 mg/kg bw: 9/10 (5/5 males; 4/5 females), and 4000 mg/kg bw: 10/10 (5/5 males; 5/5 females). Mortalities in the 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw groups occurred within 7 days of administration, and within 2 days of administration in the 4000 mg/kg/ bw group. - Clinical signs:
- other: 500 mg/kg bw: most rats exhibited ocular discharge, hunched posture, hypoactivity, ano-genital staining, soft faeces, diarrhoea and/or reduced faecal volume. All animals recovered by Day 10. 1000 mg/kg bw: clinical signs in the 3 males and 1 female that
- Gross pathology:
- No gross abnormalities were observed in the animals that survived to study termination. Necropsy of the animals that died following administration of 1000 mg/kg bw revealed discolouration of the lungs, liver and intestines and/or gaseous distention of the intestines. Necropsy of the animals that died following administration of 2000 mg/kg bw revealed discolouration of the lungs, liver and/or intestines, and in one male the stomach was filled with fluid and the lungs were oedematous. Necropsy of the 4000 mg/kg bw group revealed discolouration of the lungs, liver and/or intestines, oedema of the lungs, fluid-filled stomach, gaseous distention of the intestines and/or rigor mortis.
- Other findings:
- No other findings were reported.
- Interpretation of results:
- harmful
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- The combined sexes LD50 is 1157 mg/kg bw. The test substance is therefore classified as H302: Harmful if Swallowed according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
- Executive summary:
The acute oral toxicity of Bardap 26 was determined in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. The test substance was administered by gavage to groups of 5 rats/sex at doses of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg/kg bw. The rats were observed for clinical signs, mortality and body weights changes for 14 days after administration. Gross necropsy was performed on rats that survived to study termination and those that died during the study.
There was a dose-related increase in mortality; 3/5 males and 1/5 females in the 1000 mg/kg bw groups died within 7 days of administration; 5/5 males and 4/5 females in the 2000 mg/kg bw group died within 7 days of administration; all animals (5 males and 5 females) in the 4000 mg/kg bw group died within 2 days of administration. Clinical signs included hypoactivity, irregular/shallow breathing, ano-genital staining and diarrhoea. Gross necropsy findings in decedents included discoloured liver, red lungs, black/green/red intestines and fluid-filled stomach. The LD50 for male rats was 972 mg/kg (95% confidence limits: 798-1237 mg/kg bw); the LD50 for female rats was 1414 mg/kg bw (95% confidence limits: 845-2367 mg/kg bw); and the LD50 for both sexes combined was 1157 mg/kg bw (95% confidence limits: 833-1519 mg/kg bw). The substance is therefore classified as H302: Harmful if Swallowed according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
Reference
Table 1. Group incidence of mortality
Dose level |
Mortality# |
||
Male |
Female |
Total |
|
500 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/10 |
1000 |
3/5 |
1/5 |
4/10 |
2000 |
5/5 |
4/5 |
9/10 |
4000 |
5/5 |
5/5 |
10/10 |
# Number dead/total number in group
Table 2. Group incidence of clinical signs (number affected/total number in group)
Clinical signs |
Dose level (mg/kg bw) |
|||
500 |
1000 |
2000 |
4000 |
|
Ocular discharge |
1/10 |
2/10 |
1/10 |
0/10 |
Hunched/abnormal posture |
1/10 |
2/10 |
7/10 |
3/10 |
Hypoactivity |
1/10 |
5/10 |
10/10 |
10/10 |
Ano-genital staining |
6/10 |
7/10 |
9/10 |
5/10 |
Soft faeces |
2/10 |
4/10 |
2/10 |
0/10 |
Diarrhoea |
1/10 |
3/10 |
9/10 |
5/10 |
Reduced faecal volume |
7/10 |
10/10 |
5/10 |
3/10 |
Facial staining |
0/10 |
1/10 |
2/10 |
0/10 |
Irregular/shallow breathing |
0/10 |
1/10 |
4/10 |
6/10 |
Piloerection |
0/10 |
1/10 |
2/10 |
1/10 |
Distended abdomen |
0/10 |
1/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
Prone |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
6/10 |
Table 3. Group mean body weight (g)
|
Dose level (mg a.s./kg) |
|||||||
500 |
1000 |
2000 |
4000 |
|||||
M |
F |
M |
F |
M |
F |
M |
F |
|
0 |
215 |
175 |
221 |
176 |
219 |
165 |
213 |
170 |
7 |
235 |
209 |
235 |
187 |
a/d |
178 |
a/d |
a/d |
14 |
294 |
244 |
305 |
221 |
a/d |
211 |
a/d |
a/d |
M: male
F: female
a/d: all dead
Table 4. Group incidence of gross findings at necropsy
Gross findings# |
Dose level (mg a.s./kg) |
|||
500 |
1000 |
2000 |
4000 |
|
No abnormalities |
10/10 |
6/10 |
1/10 |
0/10 |
Lungs |
||||
Slightly red |
0/10 |
0/10 |
2/10 |
2/10 |
Slightly red, oedematous |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
4/10 |
Moderately red |
0/10 |
4/10 |
7/10 |
4/10 |
Liver |
||||
Discolouration |
0/10 |
4/10 |
5/10 |
8/10 |
Intestines |
||||
Slightly red |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
4/10 |
Slightly red, gaseous distention |
0/10 |
2/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
Red, gaseous distention |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
4/10 |
Red |
0/10 |
0/10 |
5/10 |
0/10 |
Red/green |
0/10 |
2/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
Black/green/red |
0/10 |
0/10 |
3/10 |
0/10 |
Stomach |
||||
Filled with fluid |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
6/10 |
General appearance |
||||
Rigor mortis |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
4/10 |
# Gross
abnormalities seen only in decedents
Number of animals affected/total number in group
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 1 157 mg/kg bw
- Quality of whole database:
- Guideline study
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- March 1987
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 81-2 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- The test animals were male and female New Zealand White young adult rabbits, obtained from Gota-Frisco Farms, Ohio. The animals were housed individually in suspended stainless steel cages in an environmentally controlled room with a 12 hour light/dark cycle. Feed (Agway Prolab Rabbit Ration) and fresh water were provided ad libitum. The rabbits were allowed to acclimatise to the laboratory conditions for at least 5 days. Only healthy animals were selected for the study. The rabbits weighed 2.245-3.09 kg (males) and 2.195-2.956 kg (females) at study initiation.
In-life dates were 3 to 17 March, 1987. - Type of coverage:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- other: 10% v/v ethanol and water
- Details on dermal exposure:
- The test substance (in vehicle: 10% v/v ethanol in water) was applied dermally to the rabbits. The volume of liquid administered to each animal was adjusted based on the 80% content of the active ingredient, to achieve the specified treatment level. The vehicle was prepared fresh prior to dosing.
On the day prior to dosing, the fur was clipped from the dorsal area of the trunk of each rabbit using small animal clippers. The exposed area on each animal measured approximately 12 x 20 cm (approximately 10% of the animal's total body surface). The following day, the test substance was applied uniformly over the exposed skin. An occlusive binder (8 ply gauze dressing, a layer of rubber dam and several wrappings of 3 inch Elastoplast tape) was secured around the trunk of the animal immediately after treatment. The dressing was removed after 24 hours and residual test material was wiped from the skin using clean gauze and distilled water. - Duration of exposure:
- 24 hours
- Doses:
- Doses were prepared taking into account the purity of the test substance (80%): 0, 552, 1104, 3328 and 4448 mg a.s./kg bw, corresponding to dose volumes 0.69, 1.38, 4.16 and 5.56 ml/kg, respectively. 5.56 ml/kg bw of the vehicle (10% v/v ethanol and water) was applied to the controls.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5/sex/dose
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- Healthy animals were allocated to treatment groups randomly. The exposure period was 24 hours, and the observation period was 15 days. The rabbits were observed daily for clinical signs and mortality. Bodyweights were recorded on Days 1, 8 and 15. Gross necropsy was performed on animals that died during the study and those that survived to study termination.
- Statistics:
- Probit Analysis (Finney, 1997) was used in LD50 calculations.
- Preliminary study:
- Not applicable.
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 5.56 mL/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: Actual dose administered, assuming a density of 1
- Mortality:
- No mortalities occurred at concentrations below 3328 mg a.s./kg bw. 3/5 males and 2/5 females died at a concentration of 3328 mg a.s./kg bw and 5/5 males and 3/5 females died at a concentration of 4448 mg a.s./kg bw.
- Clinical signs:
- other: No clinical signs were observed in 552 mg/kg bw group. The most common observations at 1104 mg/kg bw and above was reduced faeces, ocurring within 72 hours of dosing and persisting for 1-4 days. Additional observations in one 1104 mg/kg bw animal included
- Gross pathology:
- Necropsy findings were minimal. At a dose rate of 4448 mg a.s./kg the test substance caused a pale cortex of the kidneys in 4/10 animals and a distention of the atrium and/or ventricles in 3/10 animals. One animal in the 3328 mg/kg bw group had a heavily pigmented gel in the large intestines.
- Other findings:
- The test substance caused eschar formation in all animals at all doses at the treatment site within 24 hours.
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- The LD50 (both sexes) was calculated as 3342 mg/kg bw (5.56 mL/kg bw test substance, assuming a density of 1)
- Executive summary:
The acute dermal toxicity of DMD10AC (80% Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride) was evaluated in male and female New Zealand White rabbits. The test substance was applied dermally to the skin of the rabbits for 24 hours, at the following concentrations: 0, 552, 1104, 3328 and 4448 mg/kg bw. The rabbits were observed for 15 days post-exposure for clinical signs of toxicity, mortality and bodyweight changes. Gross necropsy was performed on survivors at study termination and on rabbits that died during the study.
The test substance caused skin irritation at the dose site in all animals. 5 rabbits died at a concentration of 3328 mg/kg bw and 8 rabbits died at a concentration of 4448 mg/kg bw. There was a dose-related reduction in body weight. At a dose rate of 4448 mg/kg bw the test substance caused a pale cortex of the kidneys in 4/10 animals and a distention of the atrium and/or ventricles in 3/10 animals. The LD50 (both sexes) was calculated as 3342 mg/kg bw (equivalent to 5.56 mL/kg bw test substance, assuming a density of 1) with confidence limits 0 - 4293 mg/kg bw, and therefore no classification is required.
Reference
Table 1. Mortality data
|
|
|
Study day |
|
||||||||||||||
Sex |
Test subs. conc. (mg a.s./kg bw) |
No. Animals |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
Total |
M |
552 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
1104 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
3328 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
|
4448 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
5 |
F |
552 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
1104 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
3328 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
|
4448 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
Table 2. Clinical Signs
Clinical Signs |
Test substance concentration (mg a.s./kg bw) |
||||
0 |
552 |
1104 |
3328 |
4448 |
|
Soft stools and/or faecal stain |
1/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
5/10 |
1/10 |
Few faeces |
1/10 |
3/10 |
9/10 |
10/10 |
10/10 |
Laboured breathing |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
4/10 |
Prostration |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
4/10 |
2/10 |
Convulsions |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
Thrashing in cage |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
Rales |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
Nasal discharge |
0/10 |
0/10 |
2/10 |
1/10 |
1/10 |
Activity decreased |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
10/10 |
10/10 |
Tremors |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
3/10 |
Ataxia |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
3/10 |
Emaciated |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
7/10 |
5/10 |
Dark material around mouth |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
2/10 |
1/10 |
Urine stain |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
2/10 |
1/10 |
Mucoid material in litter pan |
0/10 |
0/10 |
2/10 |
3/10 |
0/10 |
Table 3. Mean body weight data (kg)
|
|
Study day |
|
|
Sex |
Test substance concentration (mg a.s./kg) |
1 |
8 |
15 |
Male |
552 |
2.832 |
2.806 |
2.988 |
|
1104 |
2.667 |
2.431 |
2.606 |
|
3328 |
2.730 |
1.868 |
2.057 |
|
4448 |
2.770 |
n/d |
n/d |
Female |
552 |
2.641 |
2.575 |
2.415 |
|
1104 |
2.502 |
2.222 |
2.415 |
|
3328 |
2.583 |
1.819 |
1.818 |
|
4448 |
2.678 |
1.894 |
1.905 |
n/d no data (all animals were dead)
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 3 342 mg/kg bw
- Quality of whole database:
- A Guideline- and GLP-compliant study is available for a read-across substance. It is also noted that the substance is corrosive, therefore additional testing is not required.
Additional information
Some of the data summarised in this section are based on Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride a chemical and structural analogue of the test substance. In view of the chemical and structural similarities, it is considered that the available data are adequate for read-across.
Acute Oral Toxicity
The lowest determined oral LD50 value for Bardap 26 is 1157 mg/kg bw (Merkel, 2001). There was a dose-related increase in mortality. Clinical signs included hypoactivity, irregular/shallow breathing, ano-genital staining and diarrhoea. Gross necropsy findings in decedents included discoloured liver, red lungs and fluid-filled stomach. The substance is classified as ‘H302: Harmful if swallowed’ according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
Acute Inhalation Toxicity
The test substance is not volatile as the vapour pressure is 1.8x10-6 Pa. Thus, inhalation is not considered a potential route of exposure.
Acute Dermal Toxicity
The rabbit acute dermal LD50 of Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride is 3342 mg/kg bw, equivalent to 5.56 mL/kg bw administered test substance assuming a density of 1 (Siglin, 1987). The test substance caused skin irritation at the dose site in all animals. Rabbits died at the two highest dose levels. There was a dose-related reduction in body weight. The highest administered dose caused a pale cortex of the kidneys in almost half of the animal of the group and a distension of the atrium and/or ventricles in 3/10 animals. The test substance was corrosive to dermal tissue and only moderately toxic systemically by the dermal route. Clinical symptoms and pathological evidence of cardiac toxicity were not observed and the cardiac muscle did not appear to be a primary target organ after dermal exposure. Therefore classification for dermal toxicity is not required according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
Justification for selection of
acute toxicity – oral endpoint
Only one study is available for this endpoint.
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – inhalation endpoint
N,N-Didecyl-N-methyl-poly(oxyethyl)ammonium Propionate is not
volatile (vapour pressure: 1.8E-6 Pa²) so the potential for the
generation of inhalable forms is low, therefore exposure to humans via
the inhalatory route is unlikely to occur. In addition, the results of
the skin irritation study indicate that the substance is corrosive, thus
it is considered that a study is not justified on animal welfare grounds.
Justification for classification or non-classification
According to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, the substance is classified as 'H302: Harmful if swallowed' on the basis of an acute oral toxicity study. No classification is required for acute dermal toxicity (LD50 = 3342 mg/kg bw); data are not available for acute inhalation toxicity.
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