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EC number: 270-093-2 | CAS number: 68410-97-9 A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by the distillation of products from the light distillate hydrotreating process. It consists of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C6 through C9 and boiling in the range of approximately 3°C to 194°C (37°F to 382°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - workers
Worker DNELs for Low boiling point naphthas (gasolines)
|
Effect |
Route |
DNEL |
Dose Descriptor |
Modified Dose Descriptor and Assessment Factors |
Acute Exposure |
Systemic |
Dermal |
(b) |
|
|
Inhalation |
1300 mg/m3/15 min |
4320 mg/m3/1 h (LOAEC based on for neuromuscular symptoms in human volunteers) |
Dose descriptor was modified to correct starting point of 3859 mg/m3/15 min by adjustment for duration of exposure, LOAEC to NOAEC, and ventilation rate of workers. Then AF of 3 was applied for intraspecies differences. |
||
Local |
Dermal |
(c) |
|
|
|
Inhalation |
1100 mg/m3/15 min |
2400 mg/m3/1 h (LOAEC based on irritation of nose and throat in human volunteers) |
Dose descriptor was modified to correct starting point of 3200 mg/m3/15 min by adjustment for duration of exposure and LOAEC to NOAEC. Then AF of 3 was applied for intraspecies differences. |
||
Long-Term Exposure |
Systemic (a) |
Dermal |
(b) |
|
|
Inhalation |
(b) |
|
|
||
Local |
Dermal |
(c) |
|
|
|
Inhalation |
840 mg/m3/8h |
10,000 mg/m3/6 h (NOAEC based on red nasal discharge in rats exposed by inhalation for 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for 13 wk) |
Dose descriptor was modified to correct starting point of 5025 mg/m3/8-h day by adjustment for duration of daily exposures and ventilation rate of workers. Then AF of 6 was applied for inter- and intraspecies differences and for overall duration of exposure. |
a) Long-term systemic effects include non-reproductive effects and developmental/reproductive effects. Lowest DNEL is shown.
b) No hazard identified for this route (data available)
c) The data do not allow setting a DNEL.
Worker DNELs for Low boiling point naphthas (gasolines) (R45/46; R62/63)
|
Effect |
Route |
DNEL |
Dose Descriptor |
Modified Dose Descriptor and Assessment Factors |
Acute Exposure |
Systemic |
Dermal |
(c) (a) |
|
|
Inhalation |
1300 mg/m3/15 min (a) |
4320 mg/m3/h (LOAEC based on for neuromuscular symptoms in human volunteers) |
Dose descriptor was modified to correct starting point of 3859 mg/m3/15 min by adjustment for duration of exposure, LOAEC to NOAEC, and ventilation rate of workers. Then AF of 3 was applied for intraspecies differences. |
||
Local |
Dermal |
(d) |
|
|
|
Inhalation |
1100 mg/m3/15 min |
2400 mg/m3/h (LOAEC based on irritation of nose and throat in human volunteers) |
Dose descriptor was modified to correct starting point of 3200 mg/m3/15 min by adjustment for duration of exposure and LOAEC to NOAEC. Then AF of 3 was applied for intraspecies differences. |
||
Long-Term Exposure |
Systemic (b) |
Dermal |
(c) (a) |
|
|
Inhalation |
(c) (a) |
|
|
||
Local |
Dermal |
(d) |
|
|
|
Inhalation |
840 mg/m3/8h |
10,000 mg/m3/6 h (NOAEC based on red nasal discharge in rats exposed by inhalation for 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for 13 wk) |
Dose descriptor was modified to correct starting point of 5025 mg/m3/8-h day by adjustment for duration of daily exposures and ventilation rate of workers. Then AF of 6 was applied for inter- and intraspecies differences and for overall duration of exposure. |
a) Additional consideration should be given to an inhalation DMEL-worker for benzene of 1 ppm if benzene air concentrations are sufficiently high. A dermal reference value for workers of 23.4 mg of benzene/kg/day [1% absorption of benzene from benzene-containing petroleum naphtha streams via the skin] should be considered if dermal exposure is expected.
b) Long-term systemic effects include non-reproductive effects and developmental/reproductive effects. Lowest DNEL is shown.
c) No hazard identified for this route (data available)
d) The data do not allow setting a DNEL.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - General Population
General Population DNELs for Low boiling point naphthas (gasolines)
|
Effect |
Route |
DNEL |
Dose Descriptor |
Modified Dose Descriptor and Assessment Factors |
Acute Exposure |
Systemic
|
Dermal |
(a) |
|
|
Inhalation |
1200 mg/m3/15 min |
4320 mg/m3/h (LOAEC based on for neuromuscular symptoms in human volunteers) |
Dose descriptor was modified to correct starting point of 5760 mg/m3/15 min by adjustment for duration of exposure and LOAEC to NOAEC. Then AF of 5 was applied for intraspecies differences. |
||
Local |
Dermal |
(e) |
|
|
|
Inhalation |
640 mg/m3/15 min |
2400 mg/m3/h (LOAEC based on irritation of nose and throat in human volunteers) |
Dose descriptor was modified to correct starting point of 3200 mg/m3/15 min by adjustment for duration of exposure and LOAEC to NOAEC. Then AF of 5 was applied for intraspecies differences. |
||
Long-Term Exposure |
Systemic (b) |
Dermal |
(a) |
|
|
Inhalation |
(a) |
|
|
||
Oral |
(d) |
|
|
||
Local |
Dermal |
(e) |
|
|
|
Inhalation |
180 mg/m3/24h |
10,000 mg/m3/6 h (NOAEC based on red nasal discharge in rats exposed by inhalation for 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for 13 wk) |
Dose descriptor was modified to correct starting point of 1785 mg/m3/24-h day by adjustment for duration of daily exposures and number of exposures per week. Then AF of 10 was applied for inter- and intraspecies differences and for overall duration of exposure. |
a) No hazard identified for this route (data available)
b) Long-term systemic effects include developmental/reproductive effects. Lowest DNEL is shown.
c) A DNEL for short-term oral exposures of the general population was not calculated for the reasons given below.
a) Acute oral toxicity studies with gasoline or naphtha streams did not result in significant adverse effects with doses at or above the limit dose.
b) Oral contact with gasoline and naphtha streams should be avoided because of the aspiration hazard. Gasoline and naphtha streams are labelled R65 (Harmful, may cause lung damage if swallowed).
d) A DNEL for long-term oral exposures of the general population was not calculated for the reasons given below. The hazard from long-term oral exposures of the general population may be more dependent on the presence of benzene or toluene in gasoline; appropriate measures should be taken based on the levels of those substances.
a) Dermal or inhalation repeat-dose studies with gasoline or naphtha streams did not result in adverse systemic effects with doses at or above the limit dose.
b) Aside from potential neuromuscular effects from very high doses, acute exposures to gasoline and naphtha streams also have not resulted in significant adverse systemic effects.
c) Data on oral exposures were not available (possibly because it was not considered to be a relevant route).
e) The data do not allow setting a DNEL.
General Population DNELs for Low boiling point naphthas (gasolines) (R45/46; R62/63)
|
Effect |
Route |
DNEL |
Dose Descriptor |
Modified Dose Descriptor and Assessment Factors |
Acute Exposure |
Systemic
|
Dermal |
(a)(c) |
|
|
Inhalation |
1200 mg/m3/15 min (a) |
4320 mg/m3/h (LOAEC based on for neuromuscular symptoms in human volunteers) |
Dose descriptor was modified to correct starting point of 5760 mg/m3/15 min by adjustment for duration of exposure and LOAEC to NOAEC. Then AF of 5 was applied for intraspecies differences. |
||
Local |
Dermal |
(e) |
|
|
|
Inhalation |
640 mg/m3/15 min |
2400 mg/m3/h (LOAEC based on irritation of nose and throat in human volunteers) |
Dose descriptor was modified to correct starting point of 3200 mg/m3/15 min by adjustment for duration of exposure and LOAEC to NOAEC. Then AF of 5 was applied for intraspecies differences. |
||
Long-Term Exposure |
Systemic (b) |
Dermal |
(a)(c) |
|
|
Inhalation |
(a) (c) |
|
|
||
Oral |
(a) (d) |
|
|
||
Local |
Dermal |
(e) |
|
|
|
Inhalation |
180 mg/m3/24h |
10,000 mg/m3/6 h (NOAEC based on red nasal discharge in rats exposed by inhalation for 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for 13 wk) |
Dose descriptor was modified to correct starting point of 1785 mg/m3/24-h day by adjustment for duration of daily exposures and number of exposures per week. Then AF of 10 was applied for inter- and intraspecies differences and for overall duration of exposure. |
a) Additional consideration should be given to an inhalation DMEL-general population for benzene of 1 ppb if benzene air concentrations are sufficiently high. Using this air concentration reference value for benzene in air of 1 ppb (3.5 microgram/m3) and assuming a default inhalation rate of 20 m3/day and a body weight of 70 kg yields a reference value for indirect exposure of 1.0 microgram benzene/kg/d. The ratio of benzene to total gasoline vapor utilized was 0.01. Thus, the resulting reference value utilized for indirect exposure of man via the environment is 100 micrograms total naphtha hydrocarbon containing benzene /kg/d (see CSR Section 10). A dermal reference value for general population of 23.4 micrograms of benzene/kg/day [1% absorption of benzene from benzene-containing petroleum naphtha streams via the skin], should be considered if dermal exposure is expected. An oral reference value for general population, of 0.234 micrograms of benzene/kg/day, from benzene-containing petroleum naphtha streams in the environment should be considered if exposure via the oral route is expected (this is not expected).
b) Long-term systemic effects include developmental/reproductive effects. Lowest DNEL is shown.
c) No hazard identified for this route (data available)
d) A DNEL for long-term oral exposures of the general population was not calculated for the reasons given below. The hazard from long-term oral exposures of the general population may be more dependent on the presence of benzene or toluene in gasoline; appropriate measures should be taken based on the levels of those substances.
c) Dermal or inhalation repeat-dose studies with gasoline or naphtha streams did not result in adverse systemic effects with doses at or above the limit dose.
d) Aside from potential neuromuscular effects from very high doses, acute exposures to gasoline and naphtha streams also have not resulted in significant adverse systemic effects.
d) Data on oral exposures were not available (possibly because it was not considered to be a relevant route).
e) The data do not allow setting a DNEL.
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