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EC number: 476-700-9 | CAS number: 15365-14-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics
- Type of information:
- other: theoretical approach
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study is based on expert judgement.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 007
- Report date:
- 2007
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- other: Assessment of toxicokinetic behaviour
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- not applicable
Test material
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- - Physical state: solid
- Appearance: grey powder with lumps
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature in the dark
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
The toxicokinetic assessment in this report is limited to
the active substance in the technical material (declared purity: > 90 %).
The water solubility of LiFePO4 is low (<1 mg/L, pH 6.4).
Since in general a substance needs to be dissolved before it
can be taken up from the gastro-intestinal tract, it is
unlikely that LiFePO4 will show a high systemic exposure
after oral administration, anticipating a low water
solubility at low pH. Although small amounts of particles
might be taken up by pinocytosis, this absorption will be
limited due to the absence of LiFePO4 particles in the
nanometer size range.
The LiFePO4 which dissolves will
disintegrate into iron, lithium and phosphate. The iron
(being an essential metal) will be taken up, regulated to
maintain homeostasis and influenced by the nutritional
constituents in the G-I tract. Generally about 2 to 15 % of
the iron is absorbed from the G-I tract (1).
Lithium is considered to be readily absorbed from the G-I tract (1).
Phosphate being ubiquitous is not further considered. A
highly lipophylic character of a substance indicates that
uptake by micellular solubilisation may be of particular
importance; however the logPow of LiFePO4 is not clearly
defined (logPow > 0.564; no evidence on whether this is for
the complex or the ions) and hence the relevance of this
mechanism can not be assessed. For risk assessment purposes
the oral absorption of LiFePO4 is set at 10 %. The results
of the toxicity studies do not provide reasons to deviate
from this proposed oral absorption factor.
After absorption, iron will mainly be bound to hemoglobin,
myoglobin and iron containing enzymes, remainder being bound
to the iron storage proteins ferritin and hemosiderin. Iron
excretion is limited and can occur via bile, urine, sweat,
nails, and hair (1). Lithium will be distributed uniformly
over the human organs and is mainly excreted via the urine (1).
Based on the particle size of LiFePO4, particles will either
settle in the nasopharyngeal region (particles with
aerodynamic diameter > 1-5 µm) or in the tracheobronchial or
pulmonary region (particles with aerodynamic diameter < 1-5
µm). The low water solubility of LiFePO4 indicates a
potential for clearance by coughing/sneezing (nasopharyngeal
region) or via the mucociliary mechanism (tracheobronchial
region). Accumulation might occur in the alveolar region
where phagocytosis is the main route for absorption and
clearance. As the logPow (> 0.564) is not clearly defined
for this substance, no assessment on the potential for
absorption directly across the respiratory tract epithelium
is possible. As it is unlikely that LiFePO4 will be absorbed
significantly after inhalation via the lungs, for risk
assessment purposes the inhalation absorption of LiFePO4 is
set at 10% as a worst case assumption.
LiFePO4 being a solid with a low water solubility (<1 mg/L)
has no real potential for dermal absorption. Based on the
not clearly defined logPow (> 0.564) of this substance, it
can not be assessed whether any anticipated lipophylic
character will influence dermal absorption. Although the
criteria for 10 % dermal absorption as given in the TGD (2)
(MW > 500 and logPow > 4) are not met, 10 % dermal
absorption of LiFePO4 is proposed for risk assessment
purposes based on its solid form and low solubility in
water and n-octanol (3.67 mg/L). The results of the
toxicity studies do not provide reasons to deviate from
this proposed dermal absorption factor.
References
1. R.A. Goyer. In: Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology, The basic science of poisons. Sixth edition. Ed. C.D. Klaassen. Chapter 23: Toxic effects of metals. McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001.
2. ECB EU Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment, 2003.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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