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REACH

Spent liquor from alkaline pulping and bleaching containing spent inorganic process chemicals and dissolved organic substances originating from the cellulosic raw material.

EC number: 931-584-3 | CAS number: 66071-92-9

Life Cycle description
Uses advised against

Ecotoxicological information

Short-term toxicity to fish

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Administrative data

Link to relevant study record(s)

Description of key information

- 96 h LL50 value for Pimephales promelas > 527 mg/l (dwt) (>1000 mg/l (wwt.)) (OECD 203 study)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Additional information

There are one short-term toxicity study available for fish. The 96 h LL50 value for P. promelas is > 527 mg/l (dwt.) (>1000 mg/l (wwt.)), which is above the highest classification criterion (100 mg/l) for the aquatic acute toxicity. The tested sample contained 47.3 % water/52.7% dry solids.Additional information:

The sublethal effects of Black liquor to fish have also been studied, i.e. impacts on xenobiotic metabolism in fish liver and estrogenic effects to fish. Xenobiotic metabolism has been studied by measuring UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) and mixed function oxygenase (MFO) activities, particularly cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin-0-deethylase). Estrogenic effects have been studied by detecting the egg yolk precursor vitellogenin (Vg) in plasma of exposed brown trout (Salmo trutta).

Liver EROD activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been reported to increase significantly when exposed to Black liquor concentrations 0.001-0.1% (v/v) (about 0.012-1.2 mg/l). With exposure concentrations of 0.01-0.023% of Black liquor in two separate studies the EROD activities varied in the range 0.29-12.03 pmol/mg/min, most values beeing under 5.0 pmol/mg/minRespectively the relative EROD induction (at Black liquor concentration 0.01%) has varied between 1.01-41.33 (Hodson et al., 1997 and Martel et al., 1994).

No effects of Black liquor were reported on UDPGT (Sturm & al., 1999). No vitellogen induction was detected either in the fish exposed to Black liquor (Sherry et al., 1999).

References:

- Hodson & al., Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 908-916, 1997

- Martel & al., Wat. Res., Vol 28, No. 8, pp. 1835 -1844, 1994

- Sturm & al., Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., Vol 62, No. 5, pp. 608 -615, 1999

- Sherry & al., The Science of the Total Environment Vol. 225, Issues 1 -2, pp.13 -31, 1999

Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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