Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 268-717-3 | CAS number: 68133-90-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP-compliant, guideline study, available as an unpublished report, fully adequate for assessment, reliable without restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Few deviations occurred: -The measurement period in the experiments was partly less than 5 minutes. -The concentration of suspended solids in the 1st Exp. was higher than stated. -Both deviations were stated to be uncritical.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.11 (Biodegradation: Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Few deviations occurred: -The measurement period in the experiments was partly less than 5 minutes. -The concentration of suspended solids in the 1st Exp. was higher than stated. -Both deviations were stated to be uncritical.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION:
- Method: due to the poor solubility of the test item, the test item was weighed directly into the test vessels. Afterwards, 16 mL nutrient solution and water were added to give 250 mL. Then, 250 mL inoculum was added in 5-minute intervals and the mixtures were aerated
- Controls: a blank control was prepared by mixing 16 mL nutrient solution with 234 mL water (without ATU) and 231 mL water (with ATU), respectively
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): not reported - Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Name and location of sewage treatment plant where inoculum was collected: the sludge was taken from the activation basin of sewage treatment plant in D-67480 Edenkoben
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Sludge was filtrated, washed with tap water three times and re-suspended in tap water. The activated sludge was aerated until usage in the test and fed daily with 50 mL synthetic sewage feed/L. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Hardness:
- - Hardness: 1.03 mmol/L
- Test temperature:
- First experiment: 19.4 - 21.0 °C
Second experiment: 19.1 - 21.5 °C
Third experiment: 19.6 - 21.3 °C - pH:
- First experiment: 8.2 - 8.3
Second experiment: 7.9 - 8.1
Third experiment: 7.9 - 8.0 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 1, 10, 100, 1000 mg test item/L (first experiment); 60, 130, 290, 640, 1400 mg test item/L (second and third experiments)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass beakers as test vessels; narrow-neck glass bottles with flat bottoms (250 mL) as measuring flasks
- Aeration: purified air, using Pasteur pipettes
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1 (first experiment), 5 (second and third experiments)
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2 before and 2 after measuring positive control and test item, respectively
- No. of vessels per positive control (replicates): 1
- Sludge concentration (weight of dry solids per volume): First experiment: the dry matter was determined as 3.36 g suspended solids, giving a concentration of 1.68 g suspended solids/L in the test; second experiment: the dry matter was determined as 2.80 g suspended solids, giving a concentration of 1.40 g suspended solids/L in the test; third experiment: the dry matter was determined as 2.80 g suspended solids, giving a concentration of 1.40 g suspended solids/L in the test
- Nutrients provided for bacteria: synthetic sewage used as nutrient solution, containing peptone 16.0 g, meat extract 11.0 g, urea 3.0 g, NaCl 0.7 g, CaCl2.2H2O 0.4 g, MgSO4.7H2O 0.2 g, K2HPO4 2.8 g and deionised water ad 1000 mL.
- Nitrification inhibitor used: N-allylthiourea (ATU)
- Biomass loading rate: 250 mL (as inoculum)
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tap water (Total organic carbon (TOC) 0.5 mg/L, Pesticides and biocides < LOD, Chloride 12 mg/L, Chlorinated organic compounds < LOD, Conductivity 242 µS/cm at 25 °C, Hardness 1.03 mmol/L)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: Not reported
- Light intensity: Not reported
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: the respiration rate was determined by measurement of the oxygen concentration over a period of maximum 5 minutes after 3 hours contact time
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 10 (First experiment), about 2.2 (second and third experiments)
- Range finding study (First experiment)
- Test concentrations: 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg test item/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: significant inhibition was observed - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 60 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: Without ATU.
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10.29 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: Without ATU.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 120 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 84- 150 mg/L. Without ATU.
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 20.58 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 14.41 - 25.73 mg/L. Without ATU.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 850 - 1400 mg/L. Without ATU.
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 188.65 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 146 - 240.1 mg/L. Without ATU.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 130 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: With ATU.
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 22.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: With ATU.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 170 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 140 - 210 mg/L. With ATU.
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 29.16 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 24.01 - 36.02 mg/L. With ATU.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1 400 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: not determined. With ATU.
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 240.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: not determined. With ATU.
- Details on results:
- The oxygen consumption rate was calculated from the slope of the linear part of the O2 consumption curve using linear regression.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Four concentrations of the positive control, with and without ATU, were tested. Three experiments were performed as well. In the first experiment, the 3-hour EC50 values of the positive were determined as 15 mg/L with N-allylthiourea (ATU) and 13 mg/L without ATU. In the second experiment, the 3-h EC50 without ATU was determined to be 11 mg/L, and in the third experiment the 3-h EC50 could not be determined.
All values were within the recommended range of 2 - 25 mg/L (total respiration without ATU), and of 5 - 40 mg/L (heterotrophic respiration with ATU) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC50 values were determined using linear fit on a probability-logarithmic scale.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on nominal concentrations, the 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC without ATU for dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate, compound with 2-aminoethanol, were determined to be 1100 mg test item/L (188.65 mg Pt/L), 120 mg test item/L (20.58 mg Pt/L), and 60 mg test item/L (10.29 mg Pt/L), respectively. The 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC values with ATU were determined to be 1400 mg test item/L (240.1 mg Pt/L), 170 mg test item/L(29.16 mg Pt/L), and 130 mg test item/L(22.3 mg Pt/L), respectively.
- Executive summary:
An activated sludge respiration inhibition test was conducted with dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate, compound with 2-aminoethanol. The study is reliable without restrictions, being GLP-compliant and having followed standard test guidelines (OECD 209 and EU Method C.11).
Two test series using the same concentrations were carried out, with and without the nitrification inhibitor N- allylthiourea (ATU) to discern between inhibition of nitrificators and inhibition of the total population. Because significant inhibition was observed, two additional experiments with and without ATU, respectively, were performed under the same test conditions. A positive control was used, and all validity criteria were met. Based on nominal concentrations, the 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC without ATU for dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate, compound with 2-aminoethanol, were determined to be 1100 mg test item/L (188.65 mg Pt/L), 120 mg test item/L (20.58 mg Pt/L), and 60 mg test item/L (10.29 mg Pt/L), respectively. The 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC values with ATU were determined to be 1400 mg test item/L (240.1 mg Pt/L), 170 mg test item/L(29.16 mg Pt/L), and 130 mg test item/L(22.3 mg Pt/L), respectively.
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP-compliant, guideline study, available as an unpublished report, fully adequate for assessment, reliable without restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Few deviations occurred (i.e. T°C and measurement period differed from the study plan). Both reported to be uncritical, normal respiration activity of the control was observed and correlation of the inhibition values within the test replicates was good.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.11 (Biodegradation: Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Few deviations occurred (i.e. T°C and measurement period differed from the study plan). Both reported to be uncritical, normal respiration activity of the control was observed and correlation of the inhibition values within the test replicates was good.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Due to the poor solubility of the test item, the test item was weighed directly into the test vessels.
In the control vessels, 16 mL nutrient solution was mixed with 234 mL water (without N-allylthiourea (ATU)), and with 231 mL water (with ATU), respectively. Both the positive control vessels and the treatments were prepared by putting the appropriate amount of positive control solution or test item, with the addition of ATU into the respective test vessel (the concentration of the positive control was calculated using the concentration of the stock solution and the dilution factor. The test item was added to the test vessels directly). Then, 16 mL nutrient solution and water were added to give 250 mL. Lastly, 250 mL inoculum was added in 5 minute intervals to all vessels, and the mixtures were aerated.
After 3 hours, the content of the first vessel was poured in a 250 mL narrow-neck bottle and the respiration rate was determined by measurement of the oxygen-concentration over a period of max 5 minutes. The following vessels were measured in 5 minute intervals.
- Differential loading: Nominal concentrations of the test item were 1, 10, 100, 1000 mg/L (first experiment, range finder), and 1, 3.2, 10, 32, 100 and 320 mg/L (second and third experiment).
- Controls: both blank and positive controls were used. Blank controls contained an equal volume of activated sludge, tap water and nutrient solution. 3,5-Dichlorophenol (CAS n. 591-35-5) was used as positive control, and a stock solution in deionised water containing 500 mg/L (nominal) was freshly prepared for each experiment.
- Nutrient solution: synthetic sewage.
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): None - Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Name and location of sewage treatment plant where inoculum was collected: acitivation basin of the ESN (Stadtentsorgung Neustadt) sewage treatment plant D-67435 NW-Lachen-Speyerdorf
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: On the day before the experiment, the inoculum was taken from its source, filtrated, washed with tap water and resuspended in tap water. The activated sludge was aerated until usage in the test and the dry matter was determined. The sludge was fed daily with 50 mL sludge/L. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Hardness:
- -
- Test temperature:
- First experiment: 22.2 - 23.1 °C
Second experiment: 19.5 - 21.5 °C
Third experiment: 21.0 - 22.9 °C - pH:
- First experiment: 6.4 - 8.1
Second experiment: 7.7 - 8.1
Thrid experiment: 8.0 - 8.2 - Dissolved oxygen:
- -
- Salinity:
- -
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg test item/L (first experiment); 1, 3.2, 10, 32, 100 and 320 mg test item/L (second and third experiments)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass beakers as test vessels. Narrow-neck glass bottles with flat bottoms (250 mL) as measuring flasks
- Aeration: Purified air, using Pasteur pipettes
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): No renewal
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1 (first experiment), 5 (second and third experiments)
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per positive control (replicates): 1
- Sludge concentration (weight of dry solids per volume): Exp. 1) the dry matter of the inoculum was determined as 2.94 g suspended solids/L, giving a concentration of 1.47 g suspended solids/L in the test; Exp. 2) the dry matter of the inoculum was determined as 3.14 g suspended solids/L, giving a concentration of 1.57 g suspended solids/L in the test; Exp. 3) the dry matter of the inoculum was determined as 2.42 g suspended solids/L, giving a concentration of 1.21 g suspended solids/L in the test.
- Nutrients provided for bacteria: synthetic sewage containing peptone 16.0 g, meat extract 11.0 g, urea 3.0 g, NaCl 0.7 g, CaCl2.2H2O 0.4 g, MgSO4.7H2O 0.2 g, K2HPO4 2.8 g and deionised water ad 1000 mL. The pH of the solution was 7.1. After preparation, the nutrient solution was frozen immediately.
- Nitrification inhibitor used: N-allylthiourea (first and third experiments)
- Biomass loading rate: 250 mL inoculum per treatment
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tap water (pH 8.20, Total Organic Carbon 0.24 mg/L, Hardness 1.10 mmol/L)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: not reported
- Light intensity: not reported
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: the respiration rate was determined by measurement of the oxygen concentration over a period of maximum 5 minutes after 3 hours of contact time.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 10 (first experiment) and 3.2 (second and third experiment)
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 1, 10, 100, 1000 mg test item/L (nominal concentrations - first experiment)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: no significant inhibition was observed - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-Dichlorophenol (CAS n. 591-35-5)
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.26 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 5.5 - 6.5 mg/L
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 2.35 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 2.15 - 2.55 mg/L
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 103 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 96 - 110 mg/L
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 40.33 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 37.58 - 43.065 mg/L
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.92 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 8.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 6.0 - 11 mg/L
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 3.21 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 2.35 - 4.31 mg/L
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 83 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 76 - 91 mg/L
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 32.49 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 29.75 - 35.63 mg/L
- Details on results:
- - The oxygen consumption rate was calculated from the slope of the linear part of the oxygen consumption curve using linear regression.
- The inihibition values in the three experiments (with and without ATU) showed good correlation of the inhibitory effects of the test item.
- In the three highest concentration treatments of the test series with and without ATU, the inhibition of the respiration was in the same range. However, no inhibition was observed at a test item concentration of 10 mg test item/L with ATU. Whereas, significant inhibition was observed within test series treated without ATU at the concentration of 10 mg test item/L. Most likely, at a limiting concentration of 10 mg test item/L, the test item acted as nitrification inhibitor, whilst at higher concentrations inhibition of total population with and without ATU was similar. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- In the first experiment, a 3 h-EC50 value of 12 mg/L was determined with ATU, and a 3 h-EC50 value of 16 mg/L without ATU.
In the second and third experiments, 3 h-EC50 values of 12 mg/L (without ATU) and 17 mg/L (with ATU) were determined, respectively.
All values lay within the recommended ranges of 2 - 25 mg/L (total respiration without ATU), and 5 - 40 mg/L (heterotrophic respiration with ATU). - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Both NOEC values were selected after having investigated likely differences between treatments and controls, firstly using an F-test, and afterwards either a WEIR or a t-test.
For the calculation of the EC10 and EC50, the percentage of ihibition was plotted versus concentration in a Gauβ-logarithmic diagram. EC10 and EC50 were determined from the x values of the regression line at y = 10 % and y = 50 %. The data were evaluated using a linear fit on a probability-logarithmic scale. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The inhibition of the total respiration of activated sludge when exposed to hexachloroplatinic acid, with and without the addition of the nitrification inhibitor N-allylthiourea was assessed. Based on nominal concentrations, the 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC values without ATU were determined to be 103 mg test item L-1 (40.33 mg Pt L-1), 6.0 mg test item L-1 (2.35 mg Pt L-1), and 3.2 mg test item L-1 (1.26 mg Pt L-1), respectively. The 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC values with ATU were determined to be 83 mg test item L-1 (32.49 mg Pt L-1), 8.2 mg test item L-1 (3.21 mg Pt L-1), and 10 mg test item L-1 (3.92 mg Pt L-1), respectively.
- Executive summary:
The inhibition of the respiration of activated sludge when exposed to the test item hexachloroplatinic acid was investigated. The study is reliable without restrictions, being GLP-compliant and having followed the standard test guidelines (OECD 209 and EU-Method C.11).
Two test series using the same concentrations were carried out, with and without the nitrification inhibitor N- allylthiourea (ATU) to discern between inhibition of nitrificators and inhibition of the total population. Because significant inhibition was observed, two additional experiments with and without ATU, respectively, were performed under the same test conditions. A positive control was used, and all validity criteria were met.
Based on nominal concentrations, the 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC values without ATU were determined to be 103 mg test item L-1(40.33 mg Pt L-1), 6.0 mg test item L-1(2.35 mg Pt L-1), and 3.2 mg test item L-1(1.26 mg Pt L-1), respectively. The 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC values with ATU were determined to be 83 mg test item L-1(32.49 mg Pt L-1), 8.2 mg test item L-1(3.21 mg Pt L-1), and 10 mg test item L-1(3.92 mg Pt L-1), respectively.
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP-compliant, guideline study, available as an unpublished report, fully adequate for assessment, reliable without restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- 1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
The general principles applied for read across between metal substances are that ecotoxicity and the potential for adverse environmental effects are based on the metal ion in cases where the counter ions can reasonably be expected to be non-toxic, as is the case for many simple metals salts (e.g. anions such as SO42-, NO3-, OH-).
When reading across between different metal substances, the oxidation state of the metal ion needs to be carefully considered. For metals, chemical speciation can affect both the fate of the substance in the environment and its toxicity. For some metals (e.g. chromium and arsenic), large differences in environmental toxicity between difference oxidation states have been observed. For platinum substances, the database of ecotoxicity data is not as extensive as for other metal substances, but there may be a difference in toxicity between platinum (II) and platinum (IV) substances.
For platinum (IV) substances a slightly different read across approach is adopted for fulfilment of hazard endpoints and classification, compared to the approach for risk assessment. The approach for hazard data and classification takes into account potential differences in toxicity due to the co-ordinating ligands, whereas for risk assessment a worst case approach is followed in order to enable the comparison of total measured platinum(IV) concentrations in the environment with a single PNEC derived for platinum(IV) substances.
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S)
Source chemical: Hexachloroplatinic acid
Target chemical: Dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate, compound with 2-aminoethanol
3. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
For platinum substances, the database of ecotoxicity data is not as extensive as for other metal substances, but there may be a difference in toxicity between platinum (II) and platinum (IV) substances. For this reason, read-across between different substances is limited to metal compounds in which the metal exists in the same oxidation state.
The approach that is applied for deriving predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) for platinum (IV) substances assumes that the platinum present in the environment has the potential to be in the most toxic form, hexachloroplatinic acid. The generic PNECs for all platinum (IV) substances are therefore derived based upon the ecotoxicity data for hexachloroplatinic acid.
For risk assessment purposes it is acceptable to read across toxicity data from the most toxic substance, because the risk assessment process is iterative and allows scope for further refinement at higher tiers should this be appropriate to understand the potential risks posed.
In the exposure assessment, analytical monitoring of platinum emissions is unlikely to differentiate between different platinum (IV) substances. Therefore, if PNEC values were derived separately for each platinum (IV) substance it would not be possible to practically use these values in the risk assessment, when most sites use multiple platinum substances. Since environmental monitoring does not distinguish between particular platinum substances, for the risk assessment platinum (IV) in the environment is considered to be in the most toxic form. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.26 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 5.5 - 6.5 mg/L
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 2.35 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 2.15 - 2.55 mg/L
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 103 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 96 - 110 mg/L
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 40.33 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 37.58 - 43.065 mg/L
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.92 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 8.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 6.0 - 11 mg/L
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 3.21 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 2.35 - 4.31 mg/L
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 83 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 76 - 91 mg/L
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 32.49 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Pt
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Interval: 29.75 - 35.63 mg/L
- Details on results:
- - The oxygen consumption rate was calculated from the slope of the linear part of the oxygen consumption curve using linear regression.
- The inihibition values in the three experiments (with and without ATU) showed good correlation of the inhibitory effects of the test item.
- In the three highest concentration treatments of the test series with and without ATU, the inhibition of the respiration was in the same range. However, no inhibition was observed at a test item concentration of 10 mg test item/L with ATU. Whereas, significant inhibition was observed within test series treated without ATU at the concentration of 10 mg test item/L. Most likely, at a limiting concentration of 10 mg test item/L, the test item acted as nitrification inhibitor, whilst at higher concentrations inhibition of total population with and without ATU was similar. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- In the first experiment, a 3 h-EC50 value of 12 mg/L was determined with ATU, and a 3 h-EC50 value of 16 mg/L without ATU.
In the second and third experiments, 3 h-EC50 values of 12 mg/L (without ATU) and 17 mg/L (with ATU) were determined, respectively.
All values lay within the recommended ranges of 2 - 25 mg/L (total respiration without ATU), and 5 - 40 mg/L (heterotrophic respiration with ATU). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The inhibition of the total respiration of activated sludge when exposed to hexachloroplatinic acid, with and without the addition of the nitrification inhibitor N-allylthiourea was assessed. Based on nominal concentrations, the 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC values without ATU were determined to be 103 mg test item L-1 (40.33 mg Pt L-1), 6.0 mg test item L-1 (2.35 mg Pt L-1), and 3.2 mg test item L-1 (1.26 mg Pt L-1), respectively. The 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC values with ATU were determined to be 83 mg test item L-1 (32.49 mg Pt L-1), 8.2 mg test item L-1 (3.21 mg Pt L-1), and 10 mg test item L-1 (3.92 mg Pt L-1), respectively.
- Executive summary:
The inhibition of the respiration of activated sludge when exposed to the test item hexachloroplatinic acid was investigated. The study is reliable without restrictions, being GLP-compliant and having followed the standard test guidelines (OECD 209 and EU-Method C.11).
Two test series using the same concentrations were carried out, with and without the nitrification inhibitor N- allylthiourea (ATU) to discern between inhibition of nitrificators and inhibition of the total population. Because significant inhibition was observed, two additional experiments with and without ATU, respectively, were performed under the same test conditions. A positive control was used, and all validity criteria were met.
Based on nominal concentrations, the 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC values without ATU were determined to be 103 mg test item L-1(40.33 mg Pt L-1), 6.0 mg test item L-1(2.35 mg Pt L-1), and 3.2 mg test item L-1(1.26 mg Pt L-1), respectively. The 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC values with ATU were determined to be 83 mg test item L-1(32.49 mg Pt L-1), 8.2 mg test item L-1(3.21 mg Pt L-1), and 10 mg test item L-1(3.92 mg Pt L-1), respectively.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1. Oxygen consumption and % Inhibition after 3 hours contact time to dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate, compound with 2-aminoethanol (First experiment without ATU)
Content | Nominal Concentration in mg/L | O2 consumption in mg/(L*h) | % Inhibition |
Control | 0 | 42.916 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 42.512 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 43.972 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 43.410 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 42.888 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 43.432 | 0 |
Test item | 1 | 43.434 | -1.0 |
Test item | 10 | 43.168 | -0.3 |
Test item | 100 | 38.047 | 11.6 |
Test item | 1000 | 22.519 | 47.7 |
Positive Control | 5 | 36.426 | 15.3 |
Positive Control | 10 | 24.775 | 42.4 |
Positive Control | 20 | 11.940 | 72.2 |
Positive Control | 40 | 6.664 | 84.5 |
Table 2. Oxygen consumption and % Inhibition after 3 hours contact time to dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate, compound with 2-aminoethanol (First experiment with ATU)
Content | Nominal Concentration in mg/L | O2 consumption in mg/(L*h) | % Inhibition |
Control | 0 | 42.500 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 40.921 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 44.149 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 38.279 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 42.149 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 41.327 | 0 |
Test item | 1 | 43.626 | -5.0 |
Test item | 10 | 41.057 | 1.2 |
Test item | 100 | 38.358 | 7.7 |
Test item | 1000 | 23.018 | 44.6 |
Positive Control | 5 | 38.828 | 6.6 |
Positive Control | 10 | 26.355 | 36.6 |
Positive Control | 20 | 11.823 | 71.5 |
Positive Control | 40 | 6.730 | 83.8 |
Table 3. Oxygen consumption and % Inhibition after 3 hours contact time to dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate, compound with 2-aminoethanol (Second experiment without ATU)
Content | Nominal Concentration in mg/L | O2 consumption in mg/(L*h) | % Inhibition |
Control | 0 | 34.127 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 37.392 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 34.512 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 38.847 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 35.689 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 35.960 | 0 |
Test item | 60 | 36.786 | -1.9 |
Test item | 60 | 36.643 | -1.5 |
Test item | 60 | 36.214 | -0.3 |
Test item | 60 | 35.562 | 1.5 |
Test item | 60 | 37.526 | -4.0 |
Test item | 130 | 31.580 | 12.5 |
Test item | 130 | 31.816 | 11.8 |
Test item | 130 | 30.574 | 15.3 |
Test item | 130 | 32.357 | 10.3 |
Test item | 130 | 34.386 | 4.7 |
Test item | 290 | 25.583 | 29.1 |
Test item | 290 | 27.589 | 23.6 |
Test item | 290 | 26.111 | 27.6 |
Test item | 290 | 24.581 | 31.9 |
Test item | 290 | 26.574 | 26.4 |
Test item | 640 | 20.140 | 44.2 |
Test item | 640 | 18.864 | 47.7 |
Test item | 640 | 20.706 | 42.6 |
Test item | 640 | 20.126 | 44.2 |
Test item | 640 | 20.825 | 42.3 |
Test item | 1400 | 17.47 | 51.6 |
Test item | 1400 | 21.031 | 41.7 |
Test item | 1400 | 18.277 | 49.4 |
Test item | 1400 | 18.369 | 49.1 |
Test item | 1400 | 17.997 | 50.1 |
Positive control | 5 | 29.789 | 17.5 |
Positive control | 10 | 16.639 | 53.9 |
Positive control | 20 | 7.758 | 78.5 |
Positive control | 40 | 4.379 | 87.9 |
Table 4. Oxygen consumption and % Inhibition after 3 hours contact time to dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate, compound with 2-aminoethanol (Third experiment with ATU)
Content | Nominal Concentration in mg/L | O2 consumption in mg/(L*h) | % Inhibition |
Control | 0 | 25.490 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 28.872 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 28.844 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 25.880 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 31.555 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 28.993 | 0 |
Test item | 60 | 27.324 | 3.4 |
Test item | 60 | 29.443 | -4.1 |
Test item | 60 | 28.545 | -1.0 |
Test item | 60 | 27.175 | 3.9 |
Test item | 60 | 27.182 | 3.9 |
Test item | 130 | 26.167 | 7.4 |
Test item | 130 | 27.553 | 2.5 |
Test item | 130 | 27.310 | 3.4 |
Test item | 130 | 29.239 | -3.4 |
Test item | 130 | 25.004 | 11.6 |
Test item | 290 | 24.515 | 13.3 |
Test item | 290 | 22.981 | 18.7 |
Test item | 290 | 25.228 | 10.8 |
Test item | 290 | 23.388 | 17.3 |
Test item | 290 | 25.544 | 9.6 |
Test item | 640 | 16.835 | 40.5 |
Test item | 640 | 16.174 | 42.8 |
Test item | 640 | 16.590 | 41.3 |
Test item | 640 | 16.640 | 41.1 |
Test item | 640 | 16.995 | 39.9 |
Test item | 1400 | 14.901 | 47.3 |
Test item | 1400 | 15.238 | 46.1 |
Test item | 1400 | 15.239 | 46.1 |
Test item | 1400 | 15.075 | 46.7 |
Test item | 1400 | 14.837 | 47.5 |
Positive control | 5 | 27.7 | 2.0 |
Positive control | 10 | 16.353 | 42.2 |
Positive control | 20 | 7.757 | 72.6 |
Positive control | 40 | 4.553 | 83.9 |
Table 1. Oxygen consumption and % Inhibition after 3 hours contact time to hexachloroplatinic acid (First experiment without ATU)
Content | Nominal Concentration in mg/L | O2 consumption in mg/(L*h) | % Inhibition |
Control | 0 | 75.308 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 72.253 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 75.341 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 69.683 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 74.287 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 75.570 | 0 |
Test item | 1 | 67.083 | 9.0 |
Test item | 10 | 59.554 | 19.2 |
Test item | 100 | 33.849 | 54.1 |
Test item | 1000 | 8.609 | 88.3 |
Positive Control | 5 | 63.626 | 13.7 |
Positive Control | 10 | 39.725 | 46.1 |
Positive Control | 20 | 18.156 | 75.4 |
Positive Control | 40 | 7.572 | 89.7 |
Table 2. Oxygen consumption and % Inhibition after 3 hours contact time to hexachloroplatinic acid (First experiment with ATU)
Content | Nominal Concentration in mg/L | O2 consumption in mg/(L*h) | % Inhibition |
Control | 0 | 66.286 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 65.840 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
68.037 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
66.438 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
62.647 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
64.679 |
0 |
Test item |
1 |
64.833 |
1.3 |
Test item |
10 |
50.010 |
23.8 |
Test item |
100 |
26.511 |
59.6 |
Test item |
1000 |
4.886 |
92.6 |
Positive Control |
5 |
64.313 |
2.0 |
Positive Control |
10 |
40.337 |
38.6 |
Positive Control |
20 |
18.990 |
71.1 |
Positive Control |
40 |
7.782 |
88.1 |
Table 3. Oxygen consumption and % Inhibition after 3 hours contact time to hexachloroplatinic acid (Second experiment without ATU)
Content | Nominal Concentration in mg/L | O2 consumption in mg/(L*h) | % Inhibition |
Control | 0 | 60.026 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 58.551 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 64.083 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 61.690 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 51.771 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 55.800 | 0 |
Test item | 1 | 62.577 | -6.7 |
Test item | 1 | 64.217 | -9.5 |
Test item | 1 | 64.113 | -9.3 |
Test item | 1 | 55.289 | 5.7 |
Test item | 1 | 54.591 | 6.9 |
Test item | 3.2 | 55.457 | 5.4 |
Test item | 3.2 | 55.126 | 6.0 |
Test item | 3.2 | 55.726 | 5.0 |
Test item | 3.2 | 55.245 | 5.8 |
Test item | 3.2 | 60.789 | -3.6 |
Test item | 10 | 50.130 | 14.5 |
Test item | 10 | 49.991 | 14.8 |
Test item | 10 | 49.060 | 16.4 |
Test item | 10 | 50.355 | 14.1 |
Test item | 10 | 49.054 | 16.4 |
Test item | 32 | 38.749 | 33.9 |
Test item | 32 | 40.500 | 30.9 |
Test item | 32 | 41.862 | 28.6 |
Test item | 32 | 39.587 | 32.5 |
Test item | 32 | 39.034 | 33.5 |
Test item | 100 | 30.235 | 48.5 |
Test item | 100 | 31.103 | 47.0 |
Test item | 100 | 30.074 | 48.7 |
Test item | 100 | 27.167 | 53.7 |
Test item | 100 | 28.749 | 50.9 |
Test item | 320 | 18.392 | 68.6 |
Test item | 320 | 17.853 | 69.6 |
Test item | 320 | 18.851 | 67.9 |
Test item | 320 | 18.580 | 68.3 |
Test item | 320 | 19.044 | 67.5 |
Positive control | 5 | 48.979 | 16.5 |
Positive control | 10 | 31.034 | 47.1 |
Positive control | 20 | 16.346 | 72.1 |
Positive control | 40 | 8.009 | 86.3 |
Table 4. Oxygen consumption and % Inhibition after 3 hours contact time to hexachloroplatinic acid (Third experiment with ATU)
ontent | Nominal Concentration in mg/L | O2 consumption in mg/(L*h) | % Inhibition |
Control | 0 | 40.419 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 39.976 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 45.050 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 43.806 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 49.121 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 50.868 | 0 |
Test item | 1 | 54.645 | -21.8 |
Test item | 1 | 49.270 | -9.8 |
Test item | 1 | 53.765 | -19.8 |
Test item | 1 | 50.530 | -12.6 |
Test item | 1 | 50.762 | -13.1 |
Test item | 3.2 | 50.669 | -12.9 |
Test item | 3.2 | 54.287 | -21.0 |
Test item | 3.2 | 52.260 | -16.5 |
Test item | 3.2 | 51.606 | -15.0 |
Test item | 3.2 | 49.048 | -9.3 |
Test item | 10 | 45.370 | -1.1 |
Test item | 10 | 46.688 | -4.0 |
Test item | 10 | 46.598 | -3.8 |
Test item | 10 | 47.739 | -6.4 |
Test item | 10 | 47.693 | -6.3 |
Test item | 32 | 31.240 |
30.4 |
Test item |
32 |
33.082 |
26.3 |
Test item |
32 |
31.308 |
30.2 |
Test item |
32 |
32.971 |
26.5 |
Test item |
32 |
32.262 |
28.1 |
Test item |
100 |
18.114 |
59.6 |
Test item |
100 |
19.390 |
56.8 |
Test item |
100 |
18.232 |
59.4 |
Test item |
100 |
18.777 |
58.2 |
Test item |
100 |
18.071 |
59.7 |
Test item |
320 |
11.270 |
74.9 |
Test item |
320 |
10.793 |
75.9 |
Test item |
320 |
11.160 |
75.1 |
Test item |
320 |
11.038 |
75.4 |
Test item |
320 |
10.744 |
76.1 |
Positive control |
5 |
41.102 |
8.4 |
Positive control |
10 |
37.805 |
15.8 |
Positive control |
20 |
14.931 |
66.7 |
Positive control |
40 |
7.764 |
82.7 |
Table 1. Oxygen consumption and % Inhibition after 3 hours contact time to hexachloroplatinic acid (First experiment without ATU)
Content | Nominal Concentration in mg/L | O2 consumption in mg/(L*h) | % Inhibition |
Control | 0 | 75.308 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 72.253 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 75.341 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 69.683 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 74.287 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 75.570 | 0 |
Test item | 1 | 67.083 | 9.0 |
Test item | 10 | 59.554 | 19.2 |
Test item | 100 | 33.849 | 54.1 |
Test item | 1000 | 8.609 | 88.3 |
Positive Control | 5 | 63.626 | 13.7 |
Positive Control | 10 | 39.725 | 46.1 |
Positive Control | 20 | 18.156 | 75.4 |
Positive Control | 40 | 7.572 | 89.7 |
Table 2. Oxygen consumption and % Inhibition after 3 hours contact time to hexachloroplatinic acid (First experiment with ATU)
Content | Nominal Concentration in mg/L | O2 consumption in mg/(L*h) | % Inhibition |
Control | 0 | 66.286 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 65.840 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
68.037 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
66.438 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
62.647 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
64.679 |
0 |
Test item |
1 |
64.833 |
1.3 |
Test item |
10 |
50.010 |
23.8 |
Test item |
100 |
26.511 |
59.6 |
Test item |
1000 |
4.886 |
92.6 |
Positive Control |
5 |
64.313 |
2.0 |
Positive Control |
10 |
40.337 |
38.6 |
Positive Control |
20 |
18.990 |
71.1 |
Positive Control |
40 |
7.782 |
88.1 |
Table 3. Oxygen consumption and % Inhibition after 3 hours contact time to hexachloroplatinic acid (Second experiment without ATU)
Content | Nominal Concentration in mg/L | O2 consumption in mg/(L*h) | % Inhibition |
Control | 0 | 60.026 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 58.551 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 64.083 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 61.690 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 51.771 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 55.800 | 0 |
Test item | 1 | 62.577 | -6.7 |
Test item | 1 | 64.217 | -9.5 |
Test item | 1 | 64.113 | -9.3 |
Test item | 1 | 55.289 | 5.7 |
Test item | 1 | 54.591 | 6.9 |
Test item | 3.2 | 55.457 | 5.4 |
Test item | 3.2 | 55.126 | 6.0 |
Test item | 3.2 | 55.726 | 5.0 |
Test item | 3.2 | 55.245 | 5.8 |
Test item | 3.2 | 60.789 | -3.6 |
Test item | 10 | 50.130 | 14.5 |
Test item | 10 | 49.991 | 14.8 |
Test item | 10 | 49.060 | 16.4 |
Test item | 10 | 50.355 | 14.1 |
Test item | 10 | 49.054 | 16.4 |
Test item | 32 | 38.749 | 33.9 |
Test item | 32 | 40.500 | 30.9 |
Test item | 32 | 41.862 | 28.6 |
Test item | 32 | 39.587 | 32.5 |
Test item | 32 | 39.034 | 33.5 |
Test item | 100 | 30.235 | 48.5 |
Test item | 100 | 31.103 | 47.0 |
Test item | 100 | 30.074 | 48.7 |
Test item | 100 | 27.167 | 53.7 |
Test item | 100 | 28.749 | 50.9 |
Test item | 320 | 18.392 | 68.6 |
Test item | 320 | 17.853 | 69.6 |
Test item | 320 | 18.851 | 67.9 |
Test item | 320 | 18.580 | 68.3 |
Test item | 320 | 19.044 | 67.5 |
Positive control | 5 | 48.979 | 16.5 |
Positive control | 10 | 31.034 | 47.1 |
Positive control | 20 | 16.346 | 72.1 |
Positive control | 40 | 8.009 | 86.3 |
Table 4. Oxygen consumption and % Inhibition after 3 hours contact time to hexachloroplatinic acid (Third experiment with ATU)
ontent | Nominal Concentration in mg/L | O2 consumption in mg/(L*h) | % Inhibition |
Control | 0 | 40.419 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 39.976 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 45.050 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 43.806 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 49.121 | 0 |
Control | 0 | 50.868 | 0 |
Test item | 1 | 54.645 | -21.8 |
Test item | 1 | 49.270 | -9.8 |
Test item | 1 | 53.765 | -19.8 |
Test item | 1 | 50.530 | -12.6 |
Test item | 1 | 50.762 | -13.1 |
Test item | 3.2 | 50.669 | -12.9 |
Test item | 3.2 | 54.287 | -21.0 |
Test item | 3.2 | 52.260 | -16.5 |
Test item | 3.2 | 51.606 | -15.0 |
Test item | 3.2 | 49.048 | -9.3 |
Test item | 10 | 45.370 | -1.1 |
Test item | 10 | 46.688 | -4.0 |
Test item | 10 | 46.598 | -3.8 |
Test item | 10 | 47.739 | -6.4 |
Test item | 10 | 47.693 | -6.3 |
Test item | 32 | 31.240 |
30.4 |
Test item |
32 |
33.082 |
26.3 |
Test item |
32 |
31.308 |
30.2 |
Test item |
32 |
32.971 |
26.5 |
Test item |
32 |
32.262 |
28.1 |
Test item |
100 |
18.114 |
59.6 |
Test item |
100 |
19.390 |
56.8 |
Test item |
100 |
18.232 |
59.4 |
Test item |
100 |
18.777 |
58.2 |
Test item |
100 |
18.071 |
59.7 |
Test item |
320 |
11.270 |
74.9 |
Test item |
320 |
10.793 |
75.9 |
Test item |
320 |
11.160 |
75.1 |
Test item |
320 |
11.038 |
75.4 |
Test item |
320 |
10.744 |
76.1 |
Positive control |
5 |
41.102 |
8.4 |
Positive control |
10 |
37.805 |
15.8 |
Positive control |
20 |
14.931 |
66.7 |
Positive control |
40 |
7.764 |
82.7 |
Description of key information
The 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC without ATU (nitrification inhibitor) were determined to be 188.65 mg Pt L-1, 20.58 mg Pt L-1 and 10.29 mg Pt L-1, respectively. The 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC values with ATU were determined to be 240.1 mg Pt L-1, 29.16 mg Pt L-1 and 22.3 mg Pt L-1, respectively. The key study driving the PNEC STP for platinum(IV) substances is an activated sludge respiration inhibition study for hexachloroplatinic acid. The 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC values without ATU were determined to be 40.33 mg Pt L-1, 2.35 mg Pt L-1 and 1.26 mg Pt L-1, respectively. The 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC values with ATU were determined to be 32.49 mg Pt L-1, 3.21 mg Pt L-1 and 3.92 mg Pt L-1, respectively.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
An activated sludge respiration inhibition test was conducted with dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate, compound with 2-aminoethanol following OECD guideline 209 and EU Method C.11 (Simon 2016). Two test series using the same concentrations were carried out, with and without the nitrification inhibitor N- allylthiourea (ATU) to discern between inhibition of nitrificators and inhibition of the total population. Because significant inhibition was observed, two additional experiments with and without ATU, respectively, were performed under the same test conditions. A positive control was used, and all validity criteria were met. Based on nominal concentrations, the 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC without ATU were determined to be 1100 mg test item L-1 (188.65 mg Pt L-1), 120 mg test item L-1 (20.58 mg Pt L-1), and 60 mg test item L-1 (10.29 mg Pt L-1), respectively. The 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC values with ATU were determined to be 1400 mg test item L-1 (240.1 mg Pt L-1), 170 mg test item L-1 (29.16 mg Pt L-1), and 130 mg test item L-1 (22.3 mg Pt L-1), respectively.
For platinum(IV) substances there is some evidence that substances containing a chloro ligand are more toxic than those without a chloro ligand. For this reason, for substances without a chloro ligand, read across for REACH endpoints and for classification purposes is only conducted with other substances that do not contain a chloro ligand. However, for risk assessment purposes measured platinum concentrations in the environment only allow assessment of total platinum concentrations and do not differentiate between the form of the platinum in the environment. The PNEC for platinum(IV) substances is therefore based on pooled ecotoxicity data for all platinum(IV) substances, regardless of the ligands, and is based on the most toxic substance. For platinum(IV) substances the most toxic substance is hexachloroplatinic acid and the PNECs for platinum(IV) substances are therefore based on data for this substance. The key study driving the PNEC STP for platinum(IV) substances is an activated sludge respiration inhibition study for hexachloroplatinic acid.
An activated sludge respiration inhibition test was conducted with hexachloroplatinic acid following OECD guideline 209 and EU Method C.11 (Muckle 2015). Two test series were carried out, with and without the nitrification inhibitor N- allylthiourea (ATU) to discern between inhibition of nitrificators and inhibition of the total population. Based on a range-finding test where significant inhibition was observed, two additional tests were performed, where 5 concentrations ranging from 1 to 320 mg test item L-1 were tested with and without ATU, respectively. A positive control was used, and all validity criteria were met. Based on nominal concentrations, the 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC values without ATU were determined to be 103 mg test item L-1 (40.33 mg Pt L-1), 6.0 mg test item L-1 (2.35 mg Pt L-1), and 3.2 mg test item L-1 (1.26 mg Pt L-1), respectively. The 3-h EC50, EC10 and NOEC values with ATU were determined to be 83 mg test item L-1 (32.49 mg Pt L-1), 8.2 mg test item L-1 (3.21 mg Pt L-1), and 10 mg test item L-1 (3.92 mg Pt L-1), respectively.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
