Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 200-836-8 | CAS number: 75-07-0
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Absorption, distribution, and elimination:
Available toxicity studies indicate that acetaldehyde is absorbed through the lungs and gastrointestinal tract; however no adequate quantitative studies have been identified. Absorption through the skin is probable.
Following inhalation by rats, acetaldehyde is distributed to the blood, liver, kidney, spleen, heart and other muscle tissues. Low levels were detected in embryos after maternal intraperitoneal injection in the mouse and following maternal exposure to ethanol (mouse and rat). Potential production of acetaldehyde has also been observed in rat foetuses and in the human placenta, in vitro.
Distribution of acetaldehyde to brain interstitial fluid, but not to brain cells, has been demonstrated following injection of ethanol. Furthermore, acetaldehyde is taken up by red blood cells and following ethanol consumption in humans and in baboons, in vivo, intracellular levels can be 10 times higher than plasma levels. Following oral administration, virtually no unchanged acetaldehyde is excreted in the urine.
Metabolism:
The major acetaldehyde metabolisation pathway is by oxidation to acetate under the influence of NAD-dependent ALDH. Acetate enters the citric acid cycle as acetyl-CoA. There are several isoenzymes of ALDH with different kinetic and binding parameters that influence acetaldehyde oxidation rates.
ALDH activity has been localized in the respiratory tract epithelium in rats, in the renal cortex and tubules in the dog, rat, guinea pig, baboon and in the testes in the mouse. Acetaldehyde is metabolized by mouse and rat embryonic tissue in vitro and crosses the rat placenta, in spite of placental metabolism. Though there is some metabolism of acetaldehyde in human renal tubules, the liver is the most important metabolic site.
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