Slags, steelmaking, vanadium

Skin sensitisation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA)

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2010-05-18 to 2010-07-17

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study that is as such reliable without restrictions

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation)

Version / remarks:

, 1992-07-17

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

, guinea pigs were housed at a temperature of 22°C +/- 3°C instead at a temperature of 20 +/- 3°C

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

signed 2009-11-12

Type of study:

guinea pig maximisation test

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

1314-34-7

Cas Number:

1314-34-7

IUPAC Name:

1314-34-7

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

Divanadium trioxide

EC Number:

215-230-9

EC Name:

Divanadium trioxide

IUPAC Name:

215-230-9

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Divanadium trioxide
- Trivial name: Vanadium trioxide
- Producer: Stratcor, Inc., 4285 Malvern Road, Hot Springs, Arkansas 71901, USA
- Molecular formula: V2O3
- Molecular weight: 149.88 g/mol
- Physical state: Solid; black granules
- Analytical purity: > 99.9%
- Batch No.: M082409
- Expiration date of the batch: January 29, 2012
- Storage condition of test material: Kept dry in tightly sealed containers at room temperature
- Melting point: 1970°C
- Boiling point: ≈3000°C
- Water solubility: Slightly soluble [MSDS provided by the producer]
- Relative density: 4.87 [MSDS provided by the producer]

In vivo test system

Test animals

Species:

guinea pig

Strain:

Dunkin-Hartley

Sex:

female

Details on test animals and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Research Models and Services Germany GmbH, Stolzenseeweg 32 – 36, 88353 Kißlegg, Germany
- Age at study initiation: 32 days
- Weight at study initiation: 296 - 364 g (excluding positive control group); Positive control group: 312 - 381 g
- Housing: The animals were kept in pairs in MAKROLON cages (MZK 80/25). Granulated textured wood (Granulat A2, J. BRANDENBURG, 49424 Goldenstedt, Germany) was used as bedding material in the cages.
- Diet (ad libitum): Commercial diet, ssniff® Ms-H V2233 (ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH, 59494 Soest, Germany)
- Water (ad libitum): Tap water
- Acclimation period: At least 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature: 22°C ± 3°C (maximum range)
- Relative humidity: 55% ± 15% (maximum range)
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
No further information on the test animals was stated.

Study design: in vivo (non-LLNA)

Induction

Induction 1

Route:

intradermal and epicutaneous

Vehicle:

water

Remarks:

aqua ad iniectabilia (Batch no. 911728; Delta Select GmbH, 63303 Dreieich, Germany)

Induction 2

Concentration / amount:

Intracutaneous (Induction): 0.01% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia
Topical (induction): 50% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia
Topical (challenge): 25% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia

Challenge

Challenge 1

Route:

epicutaneous, occlusive

Vehicle:

water

Remarks:

aqua ad iniectabilia (Batch no. 911728; Delta Select GmbH, 63303 Dreieich, Germany)

Challenge 2

Concentration / amount:

Intracutaneous (Induction): 0.01% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia
Topical (induction): 50% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia
Topical (challenge): 25% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia

No. of animals per dose:

Preliminary test: 8 animals
Main test: 10 animals (treatment group) plus 5 animals (vehicle control group)
Positive control group: 20 animals

Details on study design:

RANGE FINDING TESTS:
The aim of the preliminary study was to determine the appropriate dose level of the test item following intracutaneous and topical administration. The concentration used in the main study following the induction procedure should produce mild to moderate (grade 1 or grade 2) skin reactions following topical application and be adjusted to the highest level that can be well tolerated locally and generally following intracutaneous injection. For the challenge exposure a subirritating concentration was used which produced no evidence of skin irritation in non-sensitised animals.
The shoulder and the flank region of the animals were shaved or shaved and depilated (approx. 5 cm x 5 cm).
(a) intracutaneous: 0.1 mL of the prepared test item was administered intracutaneously (shoulder region).
Three concentrations of the test item were injected intradermally into one animal, three further concentrations into a second animal.
(b) topical: The test area of 6 animals was shaved (3 animals) or shaved and depilated (3 animals). 2 mL of the test preparation was spread over a filter paper (2 cm x 4 cm) and applied to the test area and held in contact by an occlusive dressing.
Two concentrations each were applied to the shaved or shaved and depilated flanks of 6 animals each.
The occlusive dressing and the filter paper containing the test item were removed after 24 or 48 hours and the application sites were assessed immediately, 24 and 48 (depilated) or immediately and 24 hours (non-depilated) after removal of the filter paper for erythema and oedema using the grading scale of MAGNUSSON/KLIGMAN.
Results:
Six concentrations of divanadium trioxide were tested by intracutaneous injection: 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 or 10% suspensions in aqua ad iniectabilia.
Concentrations of 0.01 or 0.1% revealed a discrete or patchy erythema, concentrations of 0.5 or 1% a moderate and confluent erythema and concentrations of 5 or 10% an intense erythema and swelling 24 to 72 hours after administration.
Six concentrations of divanadium trioxide were tested by topical application: 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50% suspensions in aqua ad iniectabilia.
Divanadium trioxide is a black powder. A 50% concentration in aqua ad iniectabilia was the maximum concentration that could be prepared in order to produce a homogeneous test item-vehicle suspension. No higher concentrated suitable suspensions could be prepared.
Non-depilated skin: No skin reactions were observed at any concentration.
Depilated skin: No skin reaction was observed up to the concentration of 25%. A concentration of 50% revealed a discrete or patchy erythema 24 to 72 hours after administration.
It was decided to use a 0.01% suspension for the 1st (intracutaneous) induction stage, a concentration of 50% for the 2nd (topical) induction stage and a 25% concentration for the challenge.

MAIN STUDY
A. INDUCTION EXPOSURE
- No. of exposures: 2 (intradermal injection and topical administration)

- Test groups:
Stage 1.
Day 0
Three pairs of intradermal injections of 0.1 mL were given in the shoulder region which was cleared of hair so that one of each pair lay on each side of midline.
(1) Freund's complete adjuvant (Batch no. 129K8700; SIGMA-ALDRICH Chemie GmbH, 82024 Taufkirchen, Germany) (diluted 1 : 1 with 0.9% NaCl (Batch no. 001033; Delta Select GmbH, 63303 Dreieich, Germany))
(2) the test item (divanadium trioxide) (0.01 % in aqua ad iniectabilia))
(3) the test item in a 1:1 mixture (v/v) FCA/physiological saline
In injection 3, the final concentration of the test item was equal to that in injection 2.
Day 6
As a 50% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia was not irritating to the non-depilated skin of the test animals in the preliminary experiment, the fur was shaved from the application area and the exposed skin was coated with 0.5 mL sodium laurylsulfate 10% in vaseline in order to induce a local irritation.
Stage 2:
Day 7
7 days after the intracutaneous injection, the shoulder region of the same animals was shaved again but not depilated and treated topically using the patch-test technique (as described above under "Range finding tests") (exposure time: 48 hours). The patch was removed after 48 hours. No cleaning of the skin was necessary..

- Control group:
The vehicle control animals were treated in the same way as the animals of the test group, but received aqua ad iniectabilia instead of the test item.

- Skin observations and scoring: The skin reaction results of the first induction exposure were evaluated at 24 and 48 hours, of the second induction at 48 and 72 hours after start of exposure. The skin reactions were graded following the grading scale of MAGNUSSON/KLIGMAN.

B. CHALLENGE EXPOSURE

- No. of exposures: 1 (topical administration)

- Test groups:
Stage 3:
Two weeks (Day 21) after the topical application (corresponds to a monitoring period of 21 days) the flanks of the same animals were shaved and depilated for a further topical application using the patch-test technique. The filter paper containing the test item was applied to the left flank, the filter paper with the vehicle to the right flank of the animal (exposure time: 24 hours). 21 hours after the filter paper had been removed the treated skin was cleaned and fur removed, if necessary .

- Control group:
The left flank was treated with the test item, the right flank with the vehicle i.e. in the same way as the test group

- Evaluation (hr after challenge): 21 hours after removing the filter paper the challenge area was cleaned and cleared of hair if necessary. Three hours later (at 48 hours from the start of challenge application) the skin reaction was observed and recorded. 24 hours after this observation a second observation (72 hours) was made and recorded. The skin reactions were graded following the grading scale of MAGNUSSON/KLIGMAN.

OTHER OBSERVATION:
Mortality: daily during the observation period
Clinical signs: daily during the observation period
Body weight: at start of study and at study termination
Pathology: No necropsy was performed. No animal was found dead in the main study or was sacrificed in extremis.

POSITIVE CONTROL GROUP:
The animals of the positive control group (same origin (strain) as those used in the study) were treated with a 2% (w/v) benzocaine solution intracutaneously in stage 1 , a 5% (w/v) benzocaine solution topically in stage 2 and in stage 3. The positive control data are obtained from the historical background of the laboratory that conducted this study. The study was performed during March 2010.

Challenge controls:

Vehicle control group: aqua ad iniectabilia
5 males were used for the vehicle control group.

Positive control substance(s):

yes

Remarks:

Benzocaine (dissolved in 40% ethanolic 0.9% NaCl solution)

Study design: in vivo (LLNA)

Statistics:

The body weight was analysed statistically using STUDENT's t-test (p ≤ 0.01).

Results and discussion

Positive control results:

Animals of this strain treated with benzocaine in 40% ethanolic 0.9% NaCl solution exhibited a sensitising reaction in all animals in form of a moderate and confluent erythema or an intense erythema and swelling.

In vivo (non-LLNA)

Results

Results 1

Reading:

1st reading

Hours after challenge:

24

Group:

test chemical

Dose level:

25% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

10

Clinical observations:

No skin irritation was observed.

Remarks on result:

other: see Remark

Remarks:

Reading: 1st reading. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: test group. Dose level: 25% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 10.0. Clinical observations: No skin irritation was observed. .

Results 2

Reading:

2nd reading

Hours after challenge:

48

Group:

test chemical

Dose level:

25% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

10

Clinical observations:

No skin irritation was observed.

Remarks on result:

other: see Remark

Remarks:

Reading: 2nd reading. . Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: test group. Dose level: 25% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 10.0. Clinical observations: No skin irritation was observed. .

Results 3

Reading:

1st reading

Hours after challenge:

24

Group:

negative control

Dose level:

25% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

5

Clinical observations:

The vehicle control revealed no skin reactions.

Remarks on result:

other: see Remark

Remarks:

Reading: 1st reading. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: negative control. Dose level: 25% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 5.0. Clinical observations: The vehicle control revealed no skin reactions..

Results 4

Reading:

2nd reading

Hours after challenge:

48

Group:

negative control

Dose level:

25% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia

No. with + reactions:

0

Total no. in group:

5

Clinical observations:

The vehicle control revealed no skin reactions.

Remarks on result:

other: see Remark

Remarks:

Reading: 2nd reading. . Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: negative control. Dose level: 25% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 5.0. Clinical observations: The vehicle control revealed no skin reactions..

Results 5

Reading:

1st reading

Hours after challenge:

24

Group:

positive control

Dose level:

5% (w/v) benzocaine solution (Benzocaine was dissolved in 40% ethanolic 0.9% NaCl solution)

No. with + reactions:

20

Total no. in group:

20

Clinical observations:

Animals exhibited a sensitising reaction in form of a moderate and confluent erythema or an intense erythema and swelling.

Remarks on result:

other: see Remark

Remarks:

Reading: 1st reading. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: positive control. Dose level: 5% (w/v) benzocaine solution (Benzocaine was dissolved in 40% ethanolic 0.9% NaCl solution). No with. + reactions: 20.0. Total no. in groups: 20.0. Clinical observations: Animals exhibited a sensitising reaction in form of a moderate and confluent erythema or an intense erythema and swelling..

Results 6

Reading:

2nd reading

Hours after challenge:

48

Group:

positive control

Dose level:

5% (w/v) benzocaine solution (Benzocaine was dissolved in 40% ethanolic 0.9% NaCl solution)

No. with + reactions:

20

Total no. in group:

20

Clinical observations:

Animals exhibited a sensitising reaction in form of a moderate and confluent erythema or an intense erythema and swelling.

Remarks on result:

other: see Remark

Remarks:

Reading: 2nd reading. . Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: positive control. Dose level: 5% (w/v) benzocaine solution (Benzocaine was dissolved in 40% ethanolic 0.9% NaCl solution). No with. + reactions: 20.0. Total no. in groups: 20.0. Clinical observations: Animals exhibited a sensitising reaction in form of a moderate and confluent erythema or an intense erythema and swelling..

Any other information on results incl. tables

A 0.01% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia chosen for the 1st (intracutaneous) induction stage revealed a discrete or patchy erythema in all 10 animals 24 hours after administration.

2 mL of a 50% concentration of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia/animal chosen for the 2nd (topical) induction stage were non-irritating to the shaved skin in the preliminary experiment. Hence, in the main study the skin was coated with sodium laurylsulfate on the day before stage 2 induction in order to induce a local irritation.

The challenge with 2 mL of a 25% suspension of divanadium trioxide in aqua ad iniectabilia/animal revealed no skin irritation in any animal and, thus, the test item had no sensitising properties.

The body weight gain of the animals treated with divanadium trioxide was within the range of the vehicle control during the experiment.

Behaviour remained unchanged.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

not sensitising

Remarks:

Migrated information

Conclusions:

Under the present test conditions, divanadium trioxide revealed no sensitising properties in guinea pigs in a test model according to MAGNUSSON and KLIGMAN.
Therefore, the test item must not be classified and labeled according to regulation (EC) No.: 1272/2008 and subsequent regulations.
Also, the test item must not be classified and labeled according to 67/548/EC and subsequent regulations.