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EC number: 203-378-7 | CAS number: 106-25-2
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- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
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- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
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- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 01-27 June 2012
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- Well conducted and well described study in accordance with GLP and OECD Guideline 201 without any major deviation
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- pH level in the control varied more than 1.5 units at the end of the test
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Samples for analysis were taken from the control and all test concentrations.
- Sampling method: Samples were taken at the start (t = 0 h) and the end of the test (t = 72 h). Approximately 1 mL were taken for each sample and analysed by UHPLC-MS/MS.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were stored in a freezer until analysis or analysed directly after sampling. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: A stock solution was prepared with a nominal concentration of 200 mg/L for the final test. A 200 mg (nominal) of the test item (actual weight: 200.72 mg) were carefully added to 1 L of test water in a sealed glass vessel of 1 L capacity containing a magnetic stirring bar. The mixing was performed during 24 h in the dark. Following mixing, the contents of the vessel were allowed to stand undisturbed for 1 h at room temperature. Then, the stock solution (200 mg/L nominal) was diluted with test water and a fixed amount of inoculum to obtain the required test concentrations in the flasks and a cell density of 1 x 10^4 cells/mL/vessel.
- Controls: Test water without test substance but treated in the same way as the test substance solutions. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Algae
- Strain: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, CCAP 278/4
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, bred in the Laboratory under standardised conditions according to the test guidelines
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 2-4 days
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test): Same as test - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- 22.4-22.9 °C
- pH:
- 7.73-10.22
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0.5, 1.3, 3.0, 7.2, 17.4, 41.7 and 100 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass flasks (100 mL) sealed with a fritted glass stopper
- Type: Closed
- Shaking: During incubation, the algal cells were kept in suspension by continuous shaking.
- Initial cells density: 10000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 539000 ± 76000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Three
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): Six
- Moreover, a replicate of each test concentration without algae was prepared in order to assess potential bioaccumulation and/or adsorption effects of the test item by P. subcapitata during the test period and to determine maintenance of actual concentrations.
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: Yes; original medium of OECD TG 201
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Original medium of OECD TG 201, prepared using sterilised water
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Temperature was measured continuously in the growth chamber, over the study period and pH was recorded at the beginning and at the end of the test in one vessel per concentration and the control.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: Yes
- Photoperiod: Continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: 6403-7258 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
- Determination of cell concentrations: Cell numbers were counted daily by microscope using a counting chamber.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2.4
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0, 0.10, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: In the range-finding test after 72 h, no significant effect on algal growth was observed at the nominal exposure concentrations of 0.1 mg/L while a slight effect was observed at 1.0 mg/L. Significant algal growth inhibition was found at the concentration of 10 mg/L. Concerning the concentration of 100 mg/L results showed 100 % algal growth inhibition. Based on these results, test solutions used in the definitive test were prepared to obtain the following nominal concentrations: 0.5, 1.3, 3.0, 7.2, 17.4, 41.7 and 100 mg/L. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate (non-concurrent)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ErC50
- Effect conc.:
- 9.54 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CL = 7.68-11.85
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EyC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.16 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CL = 1.55-2.91
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): Yes
- ErC10 (72 h) = 3.48 (1.87-4.78) mg/L (nominal)
- ErC20 (72 h) = 4.91 (3.14-6.31) mg/L (nominal); EyC20 (72 h) = 0.46 (0.22-0.72) mg/L (nominal)
- ErC50 (72 h) = 9.54 (7.68-11.85) mg/L (nominal); EyC50 (72 h) = 2.16 (1.55-2.91) mg/L (nominal)
- Refer tables 6.1.5/2 and 6.1.5/3 for details - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid: Yes
- Historical data (dated: May 2012): ErC50 (72 h): 0.91 mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- - Effective concentrations were determined using the software ToxRat® Professional.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- control cultures (0-72 h): cell concentration increased by 54 folds; mean CV for section by section specific growth rate was 18 %; CV for average specific growth rate was 3.6 %
- Conclusions:
- The ErC50 and EyC50 at 72 h for nerol to green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) based on nominal concentration were determined to be 9.54 (7.68-11.85) and 2.16 (1.55-2.91) mg/L, respectively.
- Executive summary:
An algal toxicity study was performed in accordance with OECD guideline 201 and GLP. Following a preliminary range-finding test, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was exposed to nerol at nominal concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.3, 3.0, 7.2, 17.4, 41.7 and 100 mg/L (three replicate flasks per test concentration and six replicates for control) for 72 h, under constant illumination and shaking at a temperature of 22 ± 1 °C. Measurement of biomass and growth inhibition was done by determination of cell densities at 24, 48 and 72 h using a counting chamber.
After 72 h, cell concentration in the control culture increased by 54 folds; mean CV for section by section specific growth rate was 18 and CV for average specific growth rate was 3.6 %. Hence, it met the validity criteria for the control vessels.
The concentrations of the test item (with and without algae) were determined by chemical analyses at start and at the 72-h incubation period. Chemical analyses revealed test item losses in the presence of algae mainly at low-level concentrations, suggesting metabolism and/or adsorption effects of the test item by P. subcapitata, since test item concentrations remained relatively stable without algae during the test period (within ± 20 % of the nominal).
Therefore, the ErC50 and EyC50 at 72 h for nerol to green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) based on nominal concentration were determined to be 9.54 (7.68-11.85) and 2.16 (1.55-2.91) mg/L, respectively.
Reference
Table 6.1.5/2: Yield (Y) and its inhibition relative to control (%)
Treatment [mg/L] |
0-24 h |
0-48 h |
0-72 h |
|||
Y |
% I |
Y |
% I |
Y |
% I |
|
Control |
3.400 |
0 |
27.667 |
0 |
52.933 |
0 |
0.5 |
2.867 |
15.7 |
25.400 |
8.2 |
35.800 |
32.4 |
1.3 |
1.933 |
43.1 |
18.467 |
33.3 |
36.867 |
30.4 |
3 |
0.067 |
98.0 |
14.733 |
46.7 |
21.800 |
58.8 |
7.2 |
0.600 |
82.4 |
11.933 |
56.9 |
19.267 |
63.6 |
17.4 |
-0.333 |
109.8 |
1.667 |
94.0 |
1.000 |
98.1 |
41.7 |
-0.467 |
113.7 |
0.333 |
98.8 |
-0.067 |
100.1 |
100 |
-0.467 |
113.7 |
-0.200 |
100.7 |
-0.200 |
100.4 |
Table 6.1.5/3: Growth rate (G) and its inhibition relative to control (%)
Treatment [mg/L] |
0-24 h |
0-48 h |
0-72 h |
|||
G |
% I |
G |
% I |
G |
% I |
|
Control |
1.458 |
0 |
1.662 |
0 |
1.326 |
0 |
0.5 |
1.344 |
7.8 |
1.627 |
2.1 |
1.202 |
9.4 |
1.3 |
1.062 |
27.1 |
1.482 |
10.8 |
1.209 |
8.8 |
3 |
0.008 |
99.5 |
1.375 |
17.2 |
1.041 |
21.5 |
7.2 |
0.239 |
83.6 |
1.271 |
23.5 |
0.997 |
24.9 |
17.4 |
-3.219 |
320.8 |
0.475 |
71.4 |
0.181 |
86.3 |
41.7 |
-3.219 |
320.8 |
0.109 |
93.5 |
-0.029 |
102.2 |
100 |
-3.315 |
327.4 |
-0.160 |
109.6 |
-0.074 |
105.6 |
Description of key information
The substance exhibits an ErC50 for freshwater algae of 7.45 mg/L and an EC10 of 2.58 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 7.45 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 2.58 mg/L
Additional information
One reliable study is available for the registered substance. The toxicity to aquatic algae was studied according to OECD TG No. 201 and Test Method C.3 from Commission Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008. Algae cultures (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) were exposed to substance at nominal test concentrations of 0.5, 1.3, 3.0, 7.2, 17.4, 41.7 and 100 mg/L over a test period of 72 hours (static test). Concentrations were analytically verified at the start and daily until the end of the test. Measured concentrations deviated more than 20% of the initial concentrations (at low concentration). Thus the endpoints were based on measured concentration (averaged exposure concentration). Based on the average measured exposure concentrations in the biotic test and under the experimental conditions, the 72-hour EC50 for growth rate was determined to 7.45 mg/L and EC10 to 2.58 mg/L.
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