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EC number: 236-948-9 | CAS number: 13560-89-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 2014
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Although not a standard OECD method the suitability of the method is well documented in peer-reviewed scientific literature (Ma, X.Y., Wang, X.C., Ngo, H.H., Guo, W.S., Wu, M.N., Wang, N., 2014. Bioassay based luminescent bacteria: interferences, improvements, and applications. Sci. Total Environ. 468 – 469, 1 – 11). Thus, the results are considered reliable with restrictions.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Microtox assay system
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The Microtox assay system has been recognized to be one of the most rapid and cost-effective methods, which is based on the measurement of the reduction in light emission of luminescent bacteria exposed to a toxic substance (see Bulich, A.A., 1979. Use of Luminescent Bacteria for Determining Toxicity in Aquatic
Environments. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, USA. pp. 98–106) - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- not indicated in the publication
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- The assay was carried out by adding 2 mL test medium and 10 µL bacterial suspension to a glass tube. The medium was thoroughly mixed and the light unit was recorded by a DXY-3 biological toxicity detector (Nanjing Kuake, China) after 15 min incubation at 22 ± 1 °C. The concentration gradient of DP is 0.591, 2.95, 14.8, 73.8, 369 µg/L, which were diluted by distilled water from DP stock solution accordingly (with the highest final concentration of DMSO 0.1% in 369 µg/L). Relative luminosities (RL) were used to evaluate the effects of DP.
RL = Lt/Lc * 100%
where Lc is luminescence of bacteria exposed to the blank sample, Lt is luminescence of bacteria exposed to the DP samples. - Test organisms (species):
- other: lyophilized T3 luminous bacteria
- Details on inoculum:
- Bioassay with luminous bacterium
The lyophilized T3 luminous bacterium was purchased from Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing, China). The suspension was prepared according to the assay procedure of GB/T 15441-1995. Briefly, 0.5 g freeze-dried bacteria was revived in 0.5 mL chilled 2% NaCl at 4 °C for 20 – 30 min before testing. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 15 min
- Hardness:
- not reported
- Test temperature:
- 22 ±1 °C
- pH:
- not reported
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not reported
- Salinity:
- not reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentrations of 0.591, 2.95, 14.8, 73.8, 369 µg DP/L
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 15 min
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 369 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: luminescence
- Remarks on result:
- other: no effects observed at highest tested concentration
- Details on results:
- In this assay, the EC 50 values could not be calculated because the luminosities did not decrease with increasing concentrations of DP. Graphical analysis shows the luminosities of luminous bacteria with respect to time following three different treatment protocols (Control, 0.1% DMSO and highest DP concentration used in the experiment, 369 µg/L). The luminosities were relatively stable with respect to time. In addition, the results showed there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) among the different treatment groups. It was seen that the relative light units of luminous bacteria after exposure to different concentrations of DP fluctuate around 100%, suggesting that there is no acute toxicity to luminous bacteria under the studied DP concentrations.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- none applied
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Results were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software (SPSS Inc.). Statistical differences of biological parameters between DP-treated groups and control group were evaluated using one-way ANOVA test. A probability value < 0.05 (p < 0.05) was accepted as significance.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- No acute toxicity to luminuous bacteria up to 369 µg DP/L (highest tested concentration) was observed.
- Executive summary:
In this study, luminous bacteria were chosen as testing organisms to investigate the acute toxicity of DP. The concentration gradient of DP used in this study was chosen based on its environmental levels (experiments of luminous bacteria: 0.591, 2.95, 14.8, 73.8, 369 µg/L). For luminous bacteria, the relative luminosities were around 100% in treated groups, which suggested that there is no acute toxicity to luminous bacteria under the studied DP concentrations.
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is highly insoluble in water, hence indicating that aquatic toxicity is unlikely to occur
Referenceopen allclose all
It is known that the light emission of luminous bacteria is related to cellular metabolism, therefore the light intensity can reflect the metabolic status of the bacteria. When exposed to the toxicant, the luciferase of the bacteria could be inhibited, and the light intensity decreased rapidly (Ma, X.Y., Wang, X.C., Ngo, H.H., Guo, W.S., Wu, M.N., Wang, N., 2014. Bioassay based luminescent bacteria: interferences, improvements, and applications. Sci. Total Environ. 468 – 469, 1 – 11.). This rapid, sensitive and cost-effective assay was used in this study to evaluate the acute toxicity of DP on the environment levels by obtaining the EC 50 values.
Description of key information
The substance is highly insoluble in water and it is not hazardous. No OECD 209 study is available. However, in a bioassay with luminous bacterium, no toxicity was observed up to the highest tested concentration of 369 µg DP/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
- 369 µg/L
Additional information
In a bioassay with luminous bacteria as testing organisms the acute toxicity of DP was investigated. The concentration gradient of DP used in this study was chosen based on its environmental levels (experiments of luminous bacteria: 0.591, 2.95, 14.8, 73.8, 369 µg/L). For luminous bacteria, the relative luminosities were around 100% in treated groups, which suggested that there is no acute toxicity to luminous bacteria under the studied DP concentrations.
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