Dimethylamine

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Source: in-house culture since 1978, originally obtained from Institut National de Recherche Chimique Appliquee, France
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 2 - 24 hours

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): total hardness 2.7 � 0.5 mM, acid capacity 0.8 � 0.1 mM, Ca:Mg ca. 4:1, oxygen content > 2 mg/l, temperature 292 - 294 Kelvin, day:night rhythm 16:8 hours, light intensity ca. 5 �E/m2s at 400 - 750 nm
- Type and amount of food: yeast at water exchange and green algae once per day

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

total hardness 2.70 � 0.5 mM
acid capacity 0.8 � 0.1 mM

Test temperature:

293 K

pH:

7.9

Dissolved oxygen:

7.96 - 9.02 mg O2/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal test concentrations: 15.62, 31.2, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 mg/L plus control

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: centrifuge tubes
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: filtered tap water
- Conductivity: 550 - 650 µSiemens/cm
- Intervals of water quality measurement: 0 and 48 h

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
imobility after 0, 3, 6 24 and 48 hours

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC0

Effect conc.:

62.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

105.42 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL 90.02 - 123.44 mg/L

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC100

Effect conc.:

250 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC0

Effect conc.:

62.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

88.67 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL 80.56 - 97.6 mg/L

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC100

Effect conc.:

250 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Nominal conc. (mg/l) cumulative immobility 0 h 3 h 6 h 24 h 48 h 0 0 0 0 0 0 15.62 0 0 0 0 0 31.2 0 0 0 0 0 62.5 0 0 0 1 1 125 0 0 1 14 19 250 0 20 20 20 20 500 0 20 20 20 2

minal conc.(mg/l) pH after 0 h 48 h 0 8.03 8.11 15.62 9.04 8.2 31.2 9.47 8.26 62.5 9.92 8.37 125 10.42 8.78 250 10.90 8.93 500 11.25 9.

 The results may, at least partly, be based on a shift in pH at test item concentrations above 125 mg/L.

Nominal conc.(mg/l) O2 [mg/L] after 0 h 48 h 0 9.02 8.17 15.62 9.00 8.2 31.2 8.96 8.18 62.5 8.96 8.13 125 8.95 7.96 250 8.85 8.23 500 8.82 8.48

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

EC0 (48 hours) = 62.5 mg/L, EC50 (48 hours) = 88.67 mg/L, EC100 (48 hours) = 250 mg/L. The test is considered as valid.

Executive summary:

DMA (CAS No 109 -89 -7) was tested for possible acute ecotoxicological effects on Daphnia magna. Study was performed in accordance with EU Method C.2, exposure period lasted 48 hours. Evaluation of effects was performed after 24 and 48 hours. The test revealed the following results:

EC0 (48 hours) = 62.5 mg/L,

EC50 (48 hours) = 88.67 mg/L,

EC100 (48 hours) = 250 mg/L.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Experimental determination according to national guideline, no information about GLP. Since test duration was only 24 hours, test has only limited validity.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: AFNOR test, Norme Expérimentale N.F.T. 90-301 (1974)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Definition of 24 h IC50 for Daphnia (immobilization concentration for 50 % of the animals at 24 h)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

24 h

Hardness:

320 mg CaCO3/L

Test temperature:

15 °C

pH:

7.4

Dissolved oxygen:

more than 95 % saturation

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

IC50

Effect conc.:

48 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

IC50 (24h) = 48 mg/L. Since test duration was only 24 hours, test has only limited validity.

Executive summary:

An experiment according to AFNOR, Norme Expérimentale N.F.T. 90 -301 (1974) was performed to test the acute toxicity of dimethylamine (and other amines) to aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. This test revealed an IC50 (immobilization concentration for 50 % of the animals at 24 h) in hard water (320 mg CaCO₃/L) of 48 mg/L.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Basic data given (no information given on test conditions, e.g. temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material: No surrogate or analogue material was used.

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Details on sampling:

No details available.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

No details available.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

No details available.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

No post exposure observation period reported.

Hardness:

No details available.

Test temperature:

No details available.

pH:

No details available.

Dissolved oxygen:

No details available.

Salinity:

No details available.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

No details available.

Details on test conditions:

- semi-static: renewal of test solutions every 24 h

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

50 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

No details available.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Not applicable.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Effect values and their 95 % confidence intervals were calculated according to the Litchfeld and Wilcoxon (1949) method.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Remarks:

basic data available.

Conclusions:

No detailled study description available. EC50(48h): 50 mg/L for Daphnia magna.

Executive summary:

The acute toxicity towards Daphnia magna was tested according to OECD Guidline 202, using the pure substance dimethylamine (Van Leeuwen et al., 1985). A semi-static test regime was applied, whereby the test solutions were renewed every 24 hours. The total exposure duration was 48 hours, resulting in an EC50 value of 50 mg/L, based on mortality.

Description of key information

EC0(48h): 62.5 mg/L, EC50(48h): 88.67 mg/L, EC100(48h): 250 mg/L (BASF, 1988)
IC50(24h): 48 mg/L (Calamari et al., 1980) 
EC50(24h): 98 mg/L, neutralised; EC50(24h): 286 mg/L, non-neutralised (Trenel and Kuhn, 1982) 
EC50(48h): 50 mg/L (Van Leeuwen et al., 1985)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

88.67 mg/L

Additional information

In the available key study dimethylamine was tested for possible acute ecotoxicological effects on Daphnia magna (BASF, 1988). The study was performed in accordance with EU Method C.2, exposure period lasted 48 hours. Evaluation of effects was performed after 24 and 48 hours. The test revealed the following results: EC0(48h): 62.5 mg/L, EC50(48h): 88.67 mg/L, EC100(48h): 250 mg/L.

Published information is also available (Calamari et al., 1980). Due to some deficiencies (e.g. test duration only 24 hours), the source is only regarded as supporting information. The experiment was done according to AFNOR, Norme Expérimentale N.F.T. 90-301 (1974) in order to test the acute toxicity of dimethylamine (and other amines) to aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. This test revealed an IC50 (immobilization concentration for 50 % of the animals at 24 h) value in hard water (320 mg CaCO3/L) of 48 mg/L.

In another experiment, Daphnia magna was used as test organisms to investigate the acute toxicity of the test substance after 24 hours (Trenel and Kuhn, 1982). Due to the shorter exposure time (24 h instead 48 h according to most test guidelines; e.g. OECD 202), the test has only limited validity. The substance was tested in its neutralised and non-neutralised form, resulting in EC50(24h) values of 98 mg/L and 286 mg/L, respectively.

Further investigation with Daphnia magna was performed by Van Leeuwen et al. (1985). The experiment was conducted according to OECD Guideline 202, using the pure substance as test material. A semi-static test regime was applied, whereby the test solutions were renewed every 24 hours. The total exposure duration was 48 hours, resulting in an EC50 value of 50 mg/L, based on mortality.