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Registration Dossier
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EC number: 209-942-9 | CAS number: 598-62-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 9 December 2009 to 5 January 2010
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Study conducted in compliance with agreed protocols, with no or minor deviations from standard test guidelines and/or minor methodological deficiencies, which do not affect the quality of the relevant results. The study report was conclusive, done to a valid guideline and the study was conducted under GLP conditions. Use of data on MnO to address data requirements of MnCO3 is considered to be justified on the basis that manganese is in the same oxidation state in both substances, the anions in both substances are not regarded as toxic, there was a similar level of metal release in bioaccessability studies in artificial lung fluid indicating a similar level of bioavailability of manganese for both substances, and both substances were found to exert no toxicity when dosed at the maximum permissible level in acute oral toxicity studies.
- Justification for type of information:
- The data on the read-across substance is considered representative.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- other: Target record
Reference
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted on read-across material
- Justification for type of information:
- The data on the read-across substance is considered representative.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
- Report date:
- 2010
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.2 (Acute Toxicity (Inhalation))
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Test type:
- fixed concentration procedure
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- manganese oxide
- IUPAC Name:
- manganese oxide
- Reference substance name:
- 1344-43-0
- Cas Number:
- 1344-43-0
- IUPAC Name:
- 1344-43-0
- Reference substance name:
- Manganese oxide
- EC Number:
- 215-695-8
- EC Name:
- Manganese oxide
- Cas Number:
- 1344-43-0
- Molecular formula:
- MnO
- IUPAC Name:
- Oxomanganese
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material: MnO
- Substance type: Green powder
- Physical state: Solid
- Impurities : Fe : Max- 77 ppm, Min-56 ppm. Ins ac: Max- 16 ppm, Min- 15ppm
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: Min- Mn:77.7% Max-Mn: 77.8% .Min- MnO2 :0.45 % Max-MnO2: 0.46%
- Purity test date: 28/09/08
- Lot/batch No.: 240908-25
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature in the dark
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: HsdHan: WIST
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan Laboratories UK, Ltd. Bicester, Oxon, UK
- Age at study initiation: 8 to 12 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: The bodyweight varied between 200g to 357g*.
* One male animal was slightly above the weight in the protocol (200g - 350g). This deviation was considered not to affect the purpose or validity of the study.
- Housing: Animals were housed in groups of five by sex in solid-floor polypropylene cages with stainless steel lids, furnished with softwood flakes.
- Diet : With the exception of the exposure period, free access to food (Harlan 2014 Rodent Diet, Harlan Laboratories UK Ltd, Oxon, UK) was allowed throughout the study.
- Water: With the exception of the exposure period, free access to mains drinking water was allowed throughout the study.
The diet, drinking water, bedding and chew blocks were routinely analysed and were considered not to contain any contaminants that could reasonably be expected to affect the purpose or integrity of the study.
- Acclimation period: A minimum of 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19 to 25 °C
- Humidity (%): 30 to 70 %
- Air changes (per hr): A minimum of 15 changes per hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hour cycle
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: dust
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- nose only
- Vehicle:
- other: unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: Consisted of a SAG 410 Solid Aerosol Generator (TOPAS GmbH, Dresden, Germany) located adjacent to the exposure chamber
- Exposure chamber volume: The cylinderical exposure chamber had a volume of approximately 30 litres (dimensions: 28 cm diameter x 50 cm high).
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: Each rat was individually held in a tapered, polycarbonate restraining tube fitted onto a single tier of the exposure chamber and sealed by means of a rubber 'O' ring. Only the nose of each animal was exposed to the test atmosphere
- Source and rate of air: The SAG 410 was connected to a meter compressed air supply.
- Method of conditioning air: Homogeneity of the test atmosphere within the chamber was not specfically determined during the study. Chambers of the same design (ADG Developments Lts, Hitchin, Herts, UK) have been fully validated and shown to produce evenly distributed atmospheres in the animals breathing zone with a wide variety of test materials (Green J D et al, 1984).
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: A dust atmosphere was produced from the test substance using a SAG 410 Solid Aerosol Generator (TOPAS GmbH, Dresden, Germany). A particulate separator was introduced before the aerosol entered the exposure chamber in order to remove large particles and thereby increase the inhalable portion of the generated aerosol.
- Method of particle size determination: The particle size of the generated atmosphere inside the exposure chamber was determined three times during the exposure period using a Marple Personal Cascade Impactor (Westech IS Ltd, Beds., UK). This device consisted of six impactor stages (9.0, 6.3, 4.0, 1.7, 0.81 and 0.30 µm cut points) with stainless steel collection substrates and a back up glass fibre filter, housed in an aluminium sampler. The sampler was temporarily sealed in a sampling port in the animals' breathing zone and a suitable, known volume of exposure chamber air was drawn through it using a vacuum pump. The collection substrates and backup filter were weighed before and after sampling and the weight of test substance, collected at each stage, calulated by difference. The mean amount for each stage was used to determine the cumulative amount below each cut-off point size. In this way, the proportion (%) of aerosol less than 9.0, 6.3, 4.0, 1.7, 0.81 and 0.30 µm was calculated.
- Treatment of exhaust air: The extract from the exposure chamber passed through a 'scrubber' trap and was connected with a high efficiency filter to a metered exhaust system.
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: The temperature and relative humidity inside the exposure chamber were measured by an electronic thermometer/ humidity meter (Hanna Instruments Ltd, Beds., UK) located in a vacent port in the animals' breathing zone of the chamber and recorded every thirty minutes throughtout the four-hour exposure period. Oxygen levels within the exposure chamber were measured by an electronic oxygen analyser (Servomex (UK) Ltd, Crowborough, East Sussex) located in a vacent port in the animals' breathing zone of the chamber and recorded every thirty minutes throughtout the four-hour exposure period. The test atmosphere was generated to contain at least 19% oxygen.
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes. The actual chamber concentration was measured at regular intervals during the exposure period. The gravimetric method used glass fibre filters placed in a filter holder. The holder was temporarily sealed in a vacent port in the exposure chamber in the animals' breathing zone and a suitable, known volume of exposure chamber air was drawn through the filter using a vacuum pump.
TEST ATMOSPHERE (if not tabulated)
- Particle size distribution: The resulting values were converted to probits and plotted against Log10 cut-point size. From this plot, the Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) was determined (as the 50% point) and the geometric standard deviation was calculated. In addition the proportion (%) of aerosol less than 4µm (considered to be the inhalable fraction) was determined. See table 2.
CLASS METHOD (if applicable)
- Rationale for the selection of the starting concentration: During characterisation, a group of two rats (one male, one female) were exposed to an atmosphere of the test substance at a mean achieved atmosphere concentration of 2.11 mg/L for four hours. No significant effects were noted for either animal.
- Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Gravimetric analysis
- Duration of exposure:
- 4 h
- Concentrations:
- 5.35 mg/L
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 males and 5 females
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: All animals were observed for clinical signs at hourly intervals during exposure, immediately on removal from the restraining tubes at the end of exposure, one hour after termination of exposure and subsequently once daily for fourteen days. Any deaths or evidence of overt toxicity was recorded at each concentration. Indivdual bodyweights were recorded prior to treatment on the day of exposure and on Days 7 and 14 or at death.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes. At the end of the fourteen day observation period the surviving animals were killed by intravenous overdose of sodium pentobarbitone. All animals, including the one that died during the study, were subjected to a full external and internal examination, and any macroscopic abnormalities were recorded. The respiratory tract was subjected to a detailed macropscopic examination for signs of irritancy or local toxicity. - Statistics:
- Data evaluations included the relationship, if any, between the animals' exposure to the test substance and the incidence and severity of all abnormalities including behavioural and clinical observations, necropsy findings, bodyweight changes, mortality and any other toxicological effects.
Using the mortality data obtained, an estimate of the acute inhalation median lethal concentration (LC50) of the test substance was made.
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 5.35 mg/L air (analytical)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Mortality:
- No deaths occurred in a group of ten rats exposed to a mean achieved atmosphere concentration of 5.35 mg/L for four hours
- Clinical signs:
- other: Signs of hunched posture and pilo-erection are commonly seen in animals for short periods on removal from the chamber following 4-hour inhalation studies. Wet fur is commonly recorded both during and for a short period after exposure. Generalised fur stai
- Body weight:
- Individual bodyweights, together with weekly bodyweight changes, are given in table 9.
Variations in bodyweight gain are frequently seen for female animals of this strain and age during this type of study and, in isolation, are considered not to be significant.
All male animals and two females exhibited a bodyweight loss during week 1 but recovered to show normal development during week 2. Normal bodyweight development was noted for all other animals during the course of the study. - Gross pathology:
- No macroscopic abnormalities were detected at necropsy.
- Other findings:
- Nott reported
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 3. The mortality data were summarised as follows:
Mean Achieved Atmosphere Concentration (mg/L) |
Deaths |
||
Male |
Female |
Total |
|
5.35 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/10 |
Table 4. Exposure Chamber Atmosphere Concentration
Duration of Exposure (minutes) |
Net Weight of Sample (mg) |
Volume of Air Sampled (L) |
Chamber Flow Rate (L/min) |
Atmosphere Concentration (mg/L) |
2 |
9.17 |
2 |
60 |
4.59 |
16 |
10.18 |
2 |
60 |
5.09 |
30 |
13.88 |
2 |
60 |
6.94 |
46 |
13.63 |
2 |
60 |
6.82 |
59 |
9.06 |
2 |
60 |
4.53 |
75 |
7.98 |
2 |
60 |
3.99 |
90 |
11.09 |
2 |
60 |
5.55 |
105 |
11.51 |
2 |
60 |
5.76 |
120 |
9.15 |
2 |
60 |
4.58 |
135 |
9.01 |
2 |
60 |
4.51 |
150 |
7.16 |
2 |
60 |
3.58 |
165 |
12.41 |
2 |
60 |
6.21 |
181 |
13.91 |
2 |
60 |
6.96 |
195 |
12.77 |
2 |
60 |
6.39 |
210 |
10.58 |
2 |
60 |
5.29 |
225 |
9.04 |
2 |
60 |
4.52 |
235 |
11.21 |
2 |
60 |
5.61 |
Mean achieved atmosphere concentration (mg/L) = 5.35
Standard deviation = 1.05
Test substance used (g) |
108 |
Air Flow (L/min) |
60 |
Total Generation Time (mins) |
243 |
Nominal Concentration (mg/L) |
7.40 |
Particle size distribution
Table 5. Cascade Impactor Data
Impactor Stage Number |
Cut Point (µm) |
Amount Collected (mg) per sample number |
Mean Amount Collected (mg) |
||
1 |
2 |
3 |
|||
3 |
9.0 |
0.05 |
0.06 |
0.00 |
0.04 |
4 |
6.3 |
0.28 |
0.30 |
0.17 |
0.25 |
5 |
4.0 |
0.81 |
0.85 |
0.50 |
0.72 |
6 |
1.7 |
0.46 |
0.45 |
0.32 |
0.41 |
7 |
0.81 |
0.16 |
0.19 |
0.08 |
0.14 |
8 |
0.30 |
0.01 |
0.05 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
Back-up filter |
< 0.30 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
Total Mean Amount of Test Material Collected |
1.61 |
Table 6. Calculation
Cut Point (μm) |
Log10 Cut Point |
Mean Cumulative Amount Less Than Cut Point |
||
(mg) |
% |
Probit |
||
9.0 |
0.954 |
1.57 |
97.5 |
6.96 |
6.3 |
0.799 |
1.32 |
82.0 |
5.92 |
4.0 |
0.602 |
0.60 |
37.3 |
4.68 |
1.7 |
0.230 |
0.19 |
11.8 |
3.82 |
0.81 |
-0.092 |
0.05 |
3.11 |
3.14 |
0.30 |
-0.523 |
0.02 |
1.24 |
2.76 |
Mortality Data
Mean Achieved Atmosphere concentration (mg/L) |
Sex |
Deaths During Exposure |
Deaths Post Exposure (1 hour) |
Deaths During Day of Observation |
Total Deaths |
|||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8-14 |
|||||
5.35 |
Male |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0/10 |
Female |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Key To Clinical Observations
Fs = generalised green fur staining by the test material
H = hunched posture
P = pilo-erection
Ri = increased respiratory rate
RI = laboured respiration
Rn= noisy respiration
Sh = stained head
Wf= wet fur
O = no abnormalities detected
Table 7. Individual Clinical Observations (Day of Exposure)
Mean achieved atmosphere concentration (mg/L) |
Animal number and sex |
Hours during exposure |
On removal From chamber |
One hour post-exposure |
||
1 |
2 |
3 |
||||
5.35 |
1 Male |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
|
2 Male |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
|
3 Male |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
|
4 Male |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
|
5 Male |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
|
6 Female |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
|
7 Female |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
|
8 Female |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
|
9 Female |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
|
10 Female |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
Wf H P Ri Fs |
Table 8. Individual Clinical Observation (Recovery Period)
Mean achieved atmosphere concentration (mg/L) |
Animal number and sex |
Days post exposure |
|||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8-14 |
||
5.35 |
1 Male |
H P Ri Fs |
H Ri |
Ri |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 Male |
H P Ri Rn Fs |
H Ri |
Ri |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
3 Male |
H P Ri Fs |
H Ri |
Ri |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
4 Male |
H P Ri Rn Fs |
H Ri |
Ri |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
5 Male |
H P Ri Fs |
H Ri |
Ri |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
6 Female |
H P Ri Fs |
H Ri |
Ri |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
7 Female |
H P Ri Rn Fs |
H Ri |
Ri |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
8 Female |
H P Ri Rn Fs |
H Ri |
Ri |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
9 Female |
H P Ri Rn Fs |
H Ri |
Ri |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
10 Female |
H P Ri Rn Fs |
H Ri |
Ri |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Table 9. Individual Bodyweights
Mean achieved atmosphere concentration (mg/L) |
Animal number and sex |
Bodyweight (g) on Day |
Increment (g) During Week |
|||
0 |
7 |
14 |
1 |
2 |
||
5.35 |
1 Male |
299 |
276 |
307 |
-23 |
31 |
2 Male |
311 |
303 |
348 |
-8 |
45 |
|
3 Male |
300 |
274 |
317 |
-26 |
43 |
|
4 Male |
292 |
261 |
304 |
-31 |
43 |
|
5 Male |
292 |
284 |
316 |
-8 |
32 |
|
6 Female |
218 |
225 |
237 |
7 |
12 |
|
7 Female |
220 |
229 |
236 |
9 |
7 |
|
8 Female |
219 |
208 |
221 |
-11 |
13 |
|
9 Female |
219 |
220 |
224 |
1 |
4 |
|
10 Female |
227 |
224 |
241 |
-3 |
17 |
Table 10. Individual Necropsy Findings
Mean Achieved Atmosphere Concentration (mg/L) |
Macroscopic Observation |
Animal Number and Sex |
|||||||||
1 Male |
2 Male |
3 Male |
4 Male |
5 Male |
6 Male |
7 Male |
8 Male |
9 Male |
10 Male |
||
5.35 |
|
N |
N |
N |
N |
N |
N |
N |
N |
N |
N |
Table 11. Temperature and Relative Humidity in Exposure Chamber
Time (Minutes) |
Chamber Temperature (°C) During Exposure |
Chamber Relative Humidity (%) During Exposure |
0 |
20 |
44 |
30 |
20 |
38 |
60 |
20 |
40 |
90 |
20 |
39 |
120 |
20 |
41 |
150 |
20 |
40 |
180 |
20 |
40 |
210 |
20 |
42 |
240 |
20 |
40 |
Table 12. Air Flow and Oxygen Concentration in Exposure Chamber
Time (Minutes) |
Air Flow (L/min) During Exposure |
Oxygen Concentration (%) During Exposure |
-3 |
60 |
- |
0 |
60 |
20.8 |
30 |
60 |
- |
60 |
60 |
- |
90 |
60 |
- |
120 |
60 |
20.8 |
150 |
60 |
- |
180 |
60 |
- |
210 |
60 |
- |
240 |
60 |
20.8 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- not classified
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- No deaths occurred in a group of ten rats exposed to a mean achieved atmosphere concentration of 5.35 mg/L for four hours. It was therefore considered that the acute inhalation median lethal concentration (4 hr LC50) of MnO, in the HsdHan:WIST stain rat, was greater than 5.34 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The acute inhalation toxicity of the test substance was investigated in a study which was conducted under GLP conditions and in accordance with the standardised guidelines OECD 403 and EU Method B.2.
During the study, a group of five male and five female rats were exposed to a dust atmosphere of test substance at a concentration of 5.34 mg/L for a period of 4 hours using a nose-only exposure system. The animals were observed for mortality and clinical signs of toxicity both during the exposure period and during the 14 day post-exposure period.
None of the animals died during the study and no signs of toxicity that could be related to treatment with the test substance were observed either during the exposure period or during the post-exposure observation period. The acute inhalation median lethal concentration (4 hr LC50) of MnO, in the HsdHan:WIST stain rat, was therefore determined to be greater than 5.34 mg/L.
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