Cadmium

Eye irritation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2020

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 438 (Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)

Version / remarks:

Version 25 June 2018

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Cadmium

EC Number:

231-152-8

EC Name:

Cadmium

Cas Number:

7440-43-9

Molecular formula:

Cd

IUPAC Name:

cadmium

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Details on test material:

- Product name: Cadmium
- Physical state: solid, crystalline (in the powder form), Grey
- Composition regarding the element of interest : 99.67 % Cd (contains 2.68 % CdO)
- Batch/Lot number: CDPMC190316
- Expiry date: 16 September 2020
- Storage condition of test material: Controlled room temperature (15-25°C, ≤70% relative humidity)

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Product name: Cadmium
- Physical state: solid, crystalline (in the powder form), Grey
- Composition regarding the element of interest : 99.67 % Cd (contains 2.68 % CdO)
- Batch/Lot number: CDPMC190316
- Expiry date: 16 September 2020
- Storage condition of test material: Controlled room temperature (15-25°C, ≤70% relative humidity)
- Safety precautions: Enhanced safety precautions (half mask at least with P3 filter cartridge, nitrile gloves, lab coat) were applied considering the supplied safety datasheet to assure personnel health and safety.

Test system

Vehicle:

physiological saline

Controls:

yes, concurrent vehicle

yes, concurrent positive control

yes, concurrent negative control

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 30mg

Duration of treatment / exposure:

10 seconds

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

not applicable

Details on study design:

treatments:
-test substance treated chicken eye: treated with 30 mg cadmium
-positive control chicken eye: treated with 30 mg imidazole
-negative control eye: treated with 30µL physiological saline (0.9% (w/v) NaCl solution

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): cornea surface was rinsed thoroughly with 20ml physiological saline
- Time after start of exposure: after 10'' of exposure

SCORING SYSTEM:
The control eye and test eyes were evaluated pre-treatment and at approximately 30, 75, 120, 180 and 240 minutes after the post-treatment rinse.
Minor variations within ±5 minutes were considered acceptable.

The cornea thickness and cornea opacity were measured at all time points.
Fluorescein retention was measured on two occasions, at base line (t=0) and 30 minutes after the post-treatment rinse.


TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: hand-slit lamp / biomicroscope/fluorescein

Results and discussion

In vitro

Results

Results 1

Irritation parameter:

percent corneal swelling

Run / experiment:

up to 75 minutes

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

not determinable because of methodological limitations

Results 2

Irritation parameter:

percent corneal swelling

Run / experiment:

up to 240 minutes

Value:

6.6

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

positive indication of irritation

Results 3

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

not determinable because of methodological limitations

Results 4

Irritation parameter:

fluorescein retention score

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

not determinable because of methodological limitations

Any other information on results incl. tables

The mean values of the treated eyes for maximum corneal thickness change, corneal opacity and fluorescein retention are given below. The conclusion on eye irritancy was based on the OECD guideline quantitative assessments.

The mean maximum corneal swelling up to 240 min, the mean maximum corneal opacity and the mean fluorescein retention ICE classes are used for EC and GHS classification.

Test item

Observation	Value	ICE Class
Mean maximum corneal swelling at up to 75 min	not detected	no data
Mean maximum corneal swelling at up to 240 min	6.6 %	II
Mean maximum corneal opacity	not detected	no data
Mean fluorescein retention	not detected	no data
Other Observations	Test item was stuck on all cornea surfaces after the post-treatment rinse.   The cornea surfaces were not cleared at 240 minutes after the post-treatment rinse.
Overall ICE Class	no classification

Slight corneal swelling change was observed on two test item treated eyes and in case of third eye the swelling change was not detected.The opacity change and the fluorescein retention change was not detected because the test item fully stuck on all cornea surfaces and the test item could not be removed during the study, despite best efforts to wash it off. Based on thisin vitroeye irritation study in isolated chicken eyes withCadmium,the test item was not compatible with the test system.It is concluded that further information is required for classification.

Positive Control

 

Observation	Value	ICE Class
Mean maximum corneal swelling at up to 75 min	9.9 %	II
Mean maximum corneal swelling at up to 240 min	19.6 %	III
Mean maximum corneal opacity	4.00	IV
Mean fluorescein retention	3.00	IV
Other Observations	Imidazole was stuck on all cornea surfaces after the post-treatment rinse. The cornea surfaces were not cleared at 240 minutes after the post-treatment rinse.
Overall ICE Class	1xIII 2xIV

Based on these observations, the positive control substance Imidazole was classified as severe irritant according to the EU regulations. UN GHS Classification: Category 1.

 

Negative Control

 

Observation	Value	ICE Class
Mean maximum corneal swelling at up to 75 min	1.6 %	I
Mean maximum corneal swelling at up to 240 min	1.6 %	I
Mean maximum corneal opacity	0.00	I
Mean fluorescein retention	0.00	I
Other Observations	None
Overall ICE Class	3xI

 

The negative control Physiological saline was classified as non-irritating,according to the EU regulations. UN GHS Classification:No Category.

Table:Assessment of the general IN VITRO eye irritancy and regulatory GHS classification.

 

UN GHS Classification	Combinations of the three ICE Classes
No Category	3×I  2×I, 1×II
No prediction can be made	Other combinations
Category 1	3×IV 2×IV, 1×III 2×IV, 1×II^* 2×IV, 1×I^* Corneal opacity ≥ 3 at 30 min (in at least 2 eyes) Corneal opacity = 4 at any time point (in at least 2 eyes) Severe loosening of epithelium (in at least 1 eye)

Remark:^*:combinations of categories less likely to occur

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

study cannot be used for classification

Conclusions:

Based on the performed in vitro eye irritation assay in isolated chicken eyes with Cadmium, the test item was not compatible with the test system.It is concluded that further information is required for classification.

Executive summary:

An in vitro eye irritation study of the test item was performed in isolated chicken’s eyes. The irritation effects of the test item were evaluated according to the OECD No. 438 guideline (25 June 2018).

 

After the zero reference measurements, the eyes were held in a horizontal position and the test item was applied onto the centre of the cornea such that the entire surface of the cornea was covered in all cases. After 10 seconds exposure time, the surface of the eyes was rinsed with physiological saline solution. Three eyes were treated with 30 mg test item. The three positive control eyes were treated in a similar way with 30 mg of Imidazole. The negative control eye was treated with 30 µL of physiological saline(0.9% (w/v) NaCl solution). Corneal thickness, corneal opacity and fluorescein retention were measured and any morphological effects (e.g. pitting or loosening of the epithelium) were evaluated.

 

The results from all eyes used in the study met the quality control standards. The negative control and positive control results were within the historical control data range in experiment. Thus, the study was considered to be valid.

 

Slight corneal swelling change (mean = 6.6%) was observed during the four-hour observation period on two test item treated eyes. In case of third eye the swelling change was not detected. The opacity change and the fluorescein retention change was not detected because the test item fully stuck on all cornea surfaces and the test item could not be removed during the study, despite best efforts to wash it off.

Based on thisin vitroeye irritation assay in isolated chicken eyes with Cadmium,the test item was not compatible with the test system.It is concluded that further information is required for classification.