Flue dust, portland cement

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2010-04-13 to 2010-05-04

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP study, according to the OECD 208 technical guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

No analytical monitoring

Vehicle:

yes

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

- Method of mixing into soil (if used): The control and test item were applied once at the beginning of the study.
Calculated amounts of the test item were weighed out. Afterwards these amounts were mixed thoroughly with the soil with a mixer to insure a homogeneous distribution of the test item and moistened with demineralised water.
- Controls: Demineralised water

Species:

Brassica napus

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Rape
- Plant family: Brassicaceae
- Variety: Digger
- Source of seed: KWS Lochow GmbH
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: No
- Seed storage: The seeds were stored dark at the test facility at room temperature and protected from moisture until use.

Species:

Avena sativa

Plant group:

Monocotyledonae (monocots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Oats
- Plant family: Gramineae
- Variety: Ivory
- Source of seed: Saaten Union GmbH
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: No
- Seed storage: The seeds were stored dark at the test facility at room temperature and protected from moisture until use.

Species:

Glycine max (G. soja)

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Soybean
- Plant family: Leguminosae
- Variety: Merlin
- Source of seed: Saatbau Linz
- Prior seed treatment/sterilization: No
- Seed storage: The seeds were stored dark at the test facility at room temperature and protected from moisture until use.

Test type:

seedling emergence toxicity test

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

natural soil

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Test temperature:

14 - 24 °C

pH:

5.5 +/- 0.1 (natural soil)

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Testing facility: Dr.U.Noack-Laboratorien
- Test container (type, material, size): Plastic container (standard flower pots) with a diameter of ca. 12 cm
- Amount of soil: 0.7 kg (dry weight)
- Method of seeding: Test container were filled each with the same amount of treated soil and seeding holes were made with a seedling pistil. One seed was given in each hole and covered with soil.
- No. of seeds per container: 5
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 8
- No. of replicates per control: 8



SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil): LUFA soil No. 2.2 (batch: Sp2.23708)
- Geographic location: Soil collected by LUFA Speyer (67346 Speyer, Germany)
- Pesticide use history at the collection site: No pesticide use for the last five years.
- Collection procedures: acc. to ISO 10381-6, sampling on 2008-09-18
- Sampling depth (cm): 0 - 20 cm
- Soil texture (if natural soil)
- % sand: 82.0 +/- 0.7
- % silt: 11.6 +/- 0.7
- % clay: 6.4 +/- 0.9
- Soil taxonomic classification: loamy sand
- Soil classification system: German DIN
- Organic carbon (%): 2.09 +/- 0.40
- Maximum water holding capacity (in % dry weigth): 46.5 +/- 6.0
- CEC: 10 +/- 0.5 mval/100 g
- Pretreatment of soil: soil was stored
- Storage (condition, duration): A 2:1 mixture of natural soil (LUFA 2.2) and quartz sand with a C-content of 1.3 %. The soil has been stored at the test facility at green house conditions until use.


NUTRIENT MEDIUM (if used)
- Description:
Flory 9 hydro (0.5 ‰)
Origin: GRÜNES LANDHAUS,
St. Godehard-Str.23, D-31139 Hildesheim

Nutrient Concentration [%]
Ammonium nitrogen 5
Nitrate nitrogen 10
P2O5 7
Potassium oxide 22
Magnesium oxide 6
Boron 0.03
Iron (Chelate) 0.12
Copper 0.02
Manganese 0.05
Molybdenum 0.005
Zinc 0.01


GROWTH CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h
- Light source: Special fluorescent tube Fluora and Daylight (Hoklatherm)
- Light intensity and quality: > 3500 lx
- Day/night temperatures: 22 +/- 10 °C
- Relative humidity (%): 70 +/- 25
- Watering regime and schedules: Bottom watering of the test container with nutrient solution as necessary. The watering interval based on visual observations of soil surface and plants and was checked daily.




EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
During the 21 day observation period the plants were observed every 7 days for number of emerged seedlings, number of dead plants and visual phytotoxic effects. The rating of the treated plants was done in relation to the untreated control plants.
Observations included all variations, either inhibitory or stimulatory, between the treated replicates and the untreated control. Such variations were phytotoxic symptoms (chlorosis, necrosis, wilting), formative effects and growth and development rates.


- Phytotoxicity rating system (if used):

(1) Alteration of form and appearance (deformation)
(1.1) Curling / twisting / sticking or other deformation of the leafs
(1.2) Change of appearance
(1.3) Shoot deformations
(1.4) Wilting
(1.5) Leaf shedding
(1.6) Shedding of the leaf apex
(1.7) Stunted growth
(1.8) Lacking of cotyledons

(2) Discolouration of the leafs
(2.1) Lighter green (2.2) Darker green
(2.3) Chlorosis (2.3.1) Spots
(2.3.2) Whole leaf
(2.3.3) Veins
(2.3.4) Between veins
(2.3.5) Marginal
(2.4) Loss of colour or discolouration

(3) Alteration of the leaf cells
(3.1) Necrosis (3.1.1) Spots
(3.1.2) Marginal
(3.1.3) Apical
(3.1.4) Between veins
(3.1.5) Whole leaf

(E) Dead plant (Number of dead plants)

Assessment of the Effects

- = no effects observed / normal growth
+/- = slight effects
+ = medium effects
++ = strong effects


VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: None, limit test
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 10 - 100 - 1000 mg/kg soil DW
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes

Nominal and measured concentrations:

1000 mg/kg soil dry weight (nominal)

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Species:

Avena sativa

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

(Shoot fresh weight, shoot height) and Emergence

Details on results:

SEEDLING EMERGENCE
- Percent seedling emergence:
Inhibition [%] of Rate of Emergence
Test concentration
[mg/kg DW] Rate of Emergence [%]
Oats Inhib.[%] Rape Inhib.[%] Soy-bean Inhib.[%]
Control 98 - 95 - 80 -
1000 100 -3 83 13 78 3




- Plant height:
Inhibition [%] of Shoot Height
Test concentration
[mg/kg DW] Shoot Height [cm]
Oats Inhib. [%] Rape Inhib.[%] Soy-bean Inhib.[%]
Control 38.0 - 13.0 - 28.9 -
1000 39.2 -3 13.3 -2 28.8 0




- Fresh weight:
Inhibition [%] of Shoot Fresh Weight
Test concentration
[mg/kg DW] Shoot Fresh Weight [mg]
Oats Inhib.[%] Rape Inhib.[%] Soy-bean Inhib. [%]
Control 953 - 1015 - 2550 -
1000 1371 -44 1211 -19 2741 -7




INJURY RATING SYSTEM:
Observation Parameter

(1) Alteration of form and appearance (deformation)
(1.1) Curling / twisting / sticking or other deformation of the leafs
(1.2) Change of appearance
(1.3) Shoot deformations
(1.4) Wilting
(1.5) Leaf shedding
(1.6) Shedding of the leaf apex
(1.7) Stunted growth
(1.8) Lacking of cotyledons

(2) Discolouration of the leafs
(2.1) Lighter green (2.2) Darker green
(2.3) Chlorosis (2.3.1) Spots
(2.3.2) Whole leaf
(2.3.3) Veins
(2.3.4) Between veins
(2.3.5) Marginal
(2.4) Loss of colour
(2.5) Discolouration

(3) Alteration of the leaf cells
(3.1) Necrosis (3.1.1) Spots
(3.1.2) Marginal
(3.1.3) Apical
(3.1.4) Between veins
(3.1.5) Whole leaf

(E) Dead plant (Number of dead plants)


Assessment of the Effects

- = no effects observed / normal growth
+/- = slight effects
+ = medium effects
++ = strong effects

Results with reference substance (positive control):

No reference substance tested

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The percent inhibition of biomass growth (shoot height, shoot fresh weight) and rate of emergence were calculated in relation to the control.

Oats: Visual Observations and Number of Dead Plants on Day 21

Test concentration		Phytotoxic effects
	Phytotoxic	Replicate
[mg/kg DW]	effects	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Control	–	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1000	–	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Rape: Visual Observations and Number of Dead Plants on Day 21

Test concentration		Phytotoxic effects
	Phytotoxic	Replicate
[mg/kg DW]	effects	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Control	–	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1000	–	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Soybean: Visual Observations and Number of Dead Plants on Day 21

Test concentration		Phytotoxic effects
	Phytotoxic	Replicate
[mg/kg DW]	effects	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Control	–	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1000	–	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Inhibition of Shoot Height, Shoot Fresh Weight and Rate of Emergence
in Comparison to the Control

	Inhibition [%]
Species	Shoot height	Shoot fresh weight	Rate of Emergence
Oats	-3	-44	-3
Rape	-2	-19	13
Soybean	0	-7	3

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The test item Flue Dust T is not toxic at concentrations  1000 mg/kg soil dry weight to the tested plant species.
After 21 days no test item related phytotoxic effects were observed for the tested plant species

Executive summary:

The phytotoxicity of the test item Flue Dust T (batch number 12-2009) to three terrestrial plant species was determined in a seedling emergence test over a period of 21 days, from April 13 to May 04, 2010according to OECD 208 (July 2006) at Dr.U.Noack-Laboratorien, 31157 Sarstedt, Germany. The test was conducted with the nominal test item concentration 1000 mg/kg soil dry weight (DW). Test systems were one monocotyledon, oats (Gramineae), and two dicotyledons, rape (Brassicaceae) and soybean (Leguminosae). The test item was incorporated into the soil in which the seeds were sown. The test containers were bottom watered with nutrient solution as needed. The toxic effects of the test item were determined on day 7, 14 and 21 by visual observations (number of emerged seedlings and phytotoxic effects) and on day 21 by shoot height and shoot fresh weight determination. The inhibition of shoot height, shoot fresh weight and rate of emergence was calculated in relation to the untreated control. The test item did not cause any inhibitory effects > 25 % on the shoot height, the shoot fresh weight and the rate of emergence of the tested plant species at the tested concentration.

After 21 days no test item related phytotoxic effects were observed for the tested plant species.

Inhibition of Shoot Height, Shoot Fresh Weight and Rate of Emergence
in Comparison to the Control

	Inhibition [%]
Species	Shoot height	Shoot fresh weight	Rate of Emergence
Oats	-3	-44	-3
Rape	-2	-19	13
Soybean	0	-7	3

The test item Flue Dust T is not toxic at concentrations ≤ 1000 mg/kg soil dry weight to the tested plant species.

Description of key information

Due to a Klimesch 1 study, the substance is not toxic at concentrations ≤ 1000 mg/kg soil dry weight to the tested plant species (oats, rapes, soy beans), acc. OECD TG 208. 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Short-term EC50 or LC50 for terrestrial plants:

1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Additional information

The phytotoxicity of the test item Flue Dust T(batch number12-2009) to three terrestrial plant species was determined in a seedling emergence test over a period of 21 days, from April 13 to May 04, 2010 according to OECD 208 (July 2006) testing guidance. The test was conducted with the nominal test item concentration 1000 mg/kg soil dry weight (DW). Test systems were one monocotyledon, oats (Gramineae), and two dicotyledons, rape (Brassicaceae) and soybean (Leguminosae). The test item was incorporated into the soil in which the seeds were sown. The test containers were bottom watered with nutrient solution as needed. The toxic effects of the test item were determined on day 7, 14 and 21 by visual observations (number of emerged seedlings and phytotoxic effects) and on day 21 by shoot height and shoot fresh weight determination. The inhibition of shoot height, shoot fresh weight and rate of emergence was calculated in relation to the untreated control.The test item did not cause any inhibitory effects > 25 % on the shoot height, the shoot fresh weight and the rate of emergence of the tested plant species at the tested concentration.

After 21 days no test item related phytotoxic effects were observed for the tested plant species.