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Toxicological information

Toxicity to reproduction

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
two-generation reproductive toxicity
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Remarks:
GLP study

Data source

Referenceopen allclose all

Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2007
Report date:
2007
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2005

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 416 (Two-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Limit test:
no

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate
EC Number:
226-775-7
EC Name:
2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate
Cas Number:
83834-59-7
Molecular formula:
C18H26O3
IUPAC Name:
2-​Propenoic acid, 3-​(4-​methoxyphenyl)​-​, 2-​ethylhexyl ester, (2E)​-
Details on test material:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Uvinul MC 80 N
- Physical state: Liquid
- Analytical purity: 99.9 area %
- Lot/batch No.: uv2-01.019
- Stability under test conditions: Proven by reanalysis after the inlife phase of
the study
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature



Test animals

Species:
rat
Strain:
Wistar
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River, Germany.
- Age at study initiation: (P) 37 ± 1 days
- Weight at study initiation: (P) Males: 123.4 (113.1 - 135.2) g; Females: 108.0 (96.4 - 119.0) g
- Housing:
individually in type DK lll stainless steel wire mesh cages supplied by BECKER& CO., Castrop-Rauxel, Germany (floor area of about 800 cm2)
overnight matings: male and female mating partners housed together in type DK lll cage
gestation day 18- lactation day 21: pregnant animals and their litters housed in Makrolon type M lll cages.
nesting material (cellulose wadding) toward the end of gestation
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 9 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 - 24
- Humidity (%): 30 - 70
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours (12h light from 6.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m. and 12 h darkness from 6.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.)

IN-LIFE DATES: From: 28.Feb.2002 To: 03.Dec.2002

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:
oral: feed
Vehicle:
other: unchanged, mixed with diet
Details on exposure:
DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): weekly
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): ground Kliba maintenance diet mouse/rat "GLP" meal
Details on mating procedure:
- M/F ratio per cage: 1:1
- Length of cohabitation: overnight matings for 4d (F0), 6d (F1)
- Proof of pregnancy: sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0
- After ... days of unsuccessful pairing replacement of first male by another male with proven fertility. Mating indices were 100%
- Further matings after two unsuccessful attempts: no, mating indices were 100%
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged (how):
From gestation day 18 to lactation day 21: pregnant animals and their litters were housed in Makrolon type Mlll cages and nesting material (cellulose wadding) was provided.
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
Feed samples were extracted with acetonitrile. Aliquots of the extracts were used for HPLC-analysis.
Duration of treatment / exposure:
F0 generation: continuous administration of the test substance until or up to
about 16 hours before they were sacrificed (Feb.28 - Jul.17.2002)
F1 generation: After weaning, continuous administration of the test substance until or up to
about 16 hours before they were sacrificed. (Jul.3. - Nov.11.2002)
F2 generation: After weaning, continuous administration of the test substance until or up to
about 16 hours before they were sacrificed (Nov.7. - Dec.3.2002)
Frequency of treatment:
continuous administration via diet
Details on study schedule:
- F1 parental animals not mated until at least 74 days after selected from the F1 litters.
for further details, see appendix 1
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
Dose / conc.:
0 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Remarks:
in diet
Dose / conc.:
150 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Remarks:
in diet
Dose / conc.:
450 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Remarks:
in diet
Dose / conc.:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Remarks:
in diet
No. of animals per sex per dose:
25
Control animals:
yes, plain diet

Examinations

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: parental animals daily

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: weekly
Exeptions for female animals:
During gestation period parental females were weighed on day 0, 7, 14, 20 post coitum.
Females showing no positive evidence of sperm in vaginal smears were not weighed during the mating interval.
Females with litter were weighed on the day after parturition day 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21 post partum.
Females without litter were not weighed during the lactation phase.
After weaning female F0 parental animals were weighed again once weekly (in parallel to male) until scheduled sacrifice.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE:
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes
- Compound intake calculation:
ITx = (FCx*C)/BWy
ITx = TS intake on day x(mg/kg bw/day)
FCx = daily food consumption day x (g)
C = TS concentration (ppm)
BWy = body weight day y (last weighing before day x)
Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):
Estrous cycle length and normality were evaluate daily (F0 and F1 parental animals) for a minimum of 3 weeks prior to mating and were continued throughout the mating period until the female exhibited evidence of mating.
Sperm parameters (parental animals):
Parameters examined in [all/P/F1/F2] male parental generations:
testis weight,
epididymis weight,
sperm count in testes,
sperm count in epididymides,
sperm motility,
sperm morphology
Litter observations:
STANDARDISATION OF LITTERS
- Performed on day 4 postpartum: yes
- If yes, maximum of 4/sex/litter as nearly as possible. Standardisation was not performed <= 8 pups /litter

PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined in [F1 / F2] offspring:
number and sex of pups
stillbirths,
live births
postnatal mortality
presence of gross anomalies
weight gain
physical or behavioural abnormalities

GROSS EXAMINATION OF DEAD PUPS:
yes, for external and internal abnormalities
Postmortem examinations (parental animals):
SACRIFICE
- Male animals: All surviving animals were sacrifieced after weaning period of respective offspring
- Maternal animals: All surviving animals were sacrifieced after weaning period of respective offspring

GROSS NECROPSY
- Gross necropsy consisted of [external and internal examinations including the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera.]

HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGHTS
The tissues indicated in Appendix 2 were prepared for microscopic examination and weighed, respectively.
Postmortem examinations (offspring):
SACRIFICE
- The F1 offspring not selected as parental animals and all F2 offspring were sacrificed after standardization or weaning (14 - 28 d), except for the group of reared F2 pups, which were sacrificed shortly after achieving sexual maturity (43 - 56 d).

- These animals were subjected to postmortem examinations as follows:
Pups were examined externally and eviscerated their organs were assessed macroscopically

ORGAN WEIGTHS
brain, spleen and thymus of 1 pup/sex and litter from the F1 and F2 pups were weighed.
Statistics:
For statistics of clinical examinations see appendix 3
For statistics of pathology see appendix 4
Reproductive indices:
Male mating Index (%) = (number of males with confirmed mating* / number of males placed with females) x 100
Male fertility Index (%) = (number of fertile males**/number of males placed with females) x 100
Female mating index (%) = (number of females mated*/number of females placed with males) x 100
Female fertility index (%) = (number of females pregnant***/ number of females mated*) x 100
* animals with vaginal sperm or that gave birth to a litter or with pups/implantations in utero
** defined by a female giving birth to a litter or with pups/implantation in utero
*** defined as the number of females that gave birth to a litter or with pups/implantations in utero
Offspring viability indices:
Gestation Index (%) = (number of females with live pups on the day of birth/number of females pregnant*) x 100
* defined as the number of females that gave birth to a litter or with pups/implantations in utero
Live birth Index (%) = (number of liveborn pups at birth/total number of pups born) x 100
Post lmplantation loss (%) = ((number of implantations - number of pups delivered)/number of implantations) x 100

Results and discussion

Results: P0 (first parental generation)

General toxicity (P0)

Clinical signs:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
F0: Urine-smeared fur around the anogenital region in 2 animals (1000 mg/kg bw/day)
F1: Urine-smeared fur around the anogenital region in 3 animals (1000 mg/kg bw/day)
Mortality:
mortality observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence):
F0: One low dose female (150 mg/kg body weight) was found dead: not considered as substance related.
F1: Mortality in two mid dose females (found dead/ sacrificed for to humane reasons): not considered as substance related.
Body weight and weight changes:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
1000 mg/kg bw /day:
Males F0: significantly decreased mean bodyweights (16 % below control) and body weight gain (average 22 % below control)
Males F1: significantly decreased mean body weights (14 % below control) and body weight gain (average 14 % below control)
Females F0: decreased mean body weights during premating (4 %), gestation (8 %) and early lactation (6 % below control)
Females F1: decreased mean body weights during premating (6 %), gestation (10 %) and lactation (6 % below control)
Females F0: decreased body weight gain during premating (9 %) and gestation (18 % below control)
Females F1: decreased body weight gain during gestation (17 % below control)
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Males F1: Significantly decreased mean food consumption (4 % below control)
Females F1: significantly decreased mean food consumption during gestation (9 %) and mid lactation (11 %) below control.
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
effects observed, treatment-related
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
1000 mg/kg bw/day
F0/F1: eosinophilic homogeneous appearance of the liver cell cytoplasm indicative of enzyme induction in males/females
F0/F1: increased amount of hemosiderin in the spleen of males
Other effects:
no effects observed

Reproductive function / performance (P0)

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
no effects observed
Reproductive function: sperm measures:
no effects observed
Reproductive performance:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
F0: mean number of implantation sites was statistically significantly lower for the high dose group (12.0; 12.3; 11.3; 10.0 implants/dam for test group 0; 150; 450; 1000 mg/kg bw/day, respectively)
F1: mean number of implantation sites was statistically significantly lower for mid/ high dose group (12.4; 11.5; 10.7; 10.3 implants/dam for test group 0; 150; 450; 1000 mg/kg bw/day, respectively)
F0: mean number of F1 pups delivered/dam was statistically significantly lower for the high dose group (11.0 ; 11.9; 10.9; 9.2 for test group 0; 150; 450; 1000 mg/kg bw/day, respectively)

Effect levels (P0)

open allclose all
Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Remarks:
systemic parental toxicity
Effect level:
450 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: overall effects: body weight; gross pathology; organ weights; histopathology;
Remarks on result:
other: Generation: P/F1
Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Remarks:
Fertility and reproduction parameters
Effect level:
450 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: overall effects: secondary number of implantation sites; secondary delayed sexual maturation
Remarks on result:
other: Generation: P/F1
Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Remarks:
developmental toxicity
Effect level:
450 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: overall effects: pup weights
Remarks on result:
other: Generation: F1/F2

Target system / organ toxicity (P0)

Key result
Critical effects observed:
not specified

Results: F1 generation

General toxicity (F1)

Clinical signs:
no effects observed
Mortality / viability:
no mortality observed
Body weight and weight changes:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
1000 mg/kg bw/day
F1: significantly decreased mean body weights (13 % below control at weaning) and body weight gain (15 % below control) males/females during lactation
F2: significantly decreased mean body weights (16 % below control at weaning) and body weight gain (20 % below control) males/females during lactation.
F2 reared: significantly decreased mean body weights (final weight 12 % below control) and body weight gain (average 10 % below control) in males
F2 reared: significantly decreased mean body weights (final weight 6 % below control) in females
Sexual maturation:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
1000 mg/kg bw/day
F1: slight delay of preputial separation in males (average age 45.4d vs.43.6 d in control) exceeds historical control (42.5 - 45.0 d), secondary to delayed body weight development
F2 reared: slight delay of preputial separation in males (average age 45.1d vs.42.8 d in control) exceeds historical control (42.5 - 45.0 d), secondary to delayed body weight development
F1: apparent slight delay of vaginal patency in females (average age 33.8d vs. 31.3d in control) within historical control (30.8d - 33.8 d), secondary to delayed body weight development
F2 reared: apparent slight delay of vaginal patency in females (average age 35.5d vs. 32.9d in control) within historical control (30.8d - 33.8 d), secondary to delayed body weight development.
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
no effects observed
Gross pathological findings:
no effects observed
Histopathological findings:
not specified

Details on results (F1)

OTHER FINDINGS (OFFSPRING)
F2 reared: Significantly decreased mean food consumption (10 % below control) in males

Effect levels (F1)

open allclose all
Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Generation:
F1
Effect level:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
body weight and weight gain
Remarks on result:
other: significantly decreased mean body weights (13% below control at weaning) and body weight gain (15% below control) males/females during lactation
Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Generation:
F1
Effect level:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Sex:
male
Basis for effect level:
sexual maturation
Remarks on result:
other: slight delay of preputial separation in males (average age 45.4 d vs.43.6 d in control) exceeds historical control (42.5 - 45.0 d), secondary to delayed body weight development
Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Generation:
F1
Effect level:
1 000 mg/kg bw/day
Sex:
female
Basis for effect level:
sexual maturation
Remarks on result:
other: apparent slight delay of vaginal patency in females (average age 33.8 d vs. 31.3 d in control) within historical control (30.8 d - 33.8 d), secondary to delayed body weight development

Overall reproductive toxicity

Key result
Reproductive effects observed:
not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion