2,4,6-trichloroaniline

Repeated dose toxicity: oral

Administrative data

Endpoint:

sub-chronic toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other:

Justification for type of information:

Data is available from secondary source

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

secondary source

Title:

Repeated dose oral toxicity study of the test chemical

Author:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Year:

2010

Bibliographic source:

National Center for Environmental Assessment

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Refer below principle

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Repeated dose toxicity study of the test chemical in rats was studied by oral administration

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2,4,6-trichloroaniline

EC Number:

211-219-8

EC Name:

2,4,6-trichloroaniline

Cas Number:

634-93-5

Molecular formula:

C6H4Cl3N

IUPAC Name:

2,4,6-trichloroaniline

Details on test material:

- Name of test material: 2,4,6 trichloroaniline
- Molecular formula: C6H4Cl3N
- Molecular weight: 196.464 g/mol
- Substance type: organic
- Physical state: No data
- Purity: No data
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No data

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

not specified

Details on species / strain selection:

No data

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

No data

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

other: Oil solution

Details on oral exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: 2,4,6-Trichloroaniline was mixed with 8% oil solution in the concentrtion of 0, 80, 160 and 800 mg/kg/day

DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): No data available
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): No data available
- Storage temperature of food: No data available

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): oil solution were used
- Concentration in vehicle: 0, 80, 160 and 800 mg/kg/day
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 8%
- Lot/batch no. (if required): No data available
- Purity: No data available

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

not specified

Duration of treatment / exposure:

45 days

Frequency of treatment:

daily

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0, 80, 160, or 800 mg/kg/day
Basis:
no data

No. of animals per sex per dose:

128 rats of both sexes

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

No data

Positive control:

No data

Examinations

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Daily
- Cage side observations checked in table [No.?] were included: Mortality was observed.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Before treatment and on days 10, 20, 30 and 45 of treatment.

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Before treatment and on days 10, 20, 30 and 45 of treatment.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study): No data available
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: No data available
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data available

FOOD EFFICIENCY: No data available
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data available

WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): No data available
- Time schedule for examinations: No data available

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION No data available
- Time schedule for examinations: No data available
- Dose groups that were examined: No data available

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: Before treatment and on days 10, 20, 30 and 45 of treatment.
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: No data available
- Animals fasted: No data available
- How many animals: All 128 treated rats were examined.
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined: Concentration of formed elements and serum hemoglobin, Polychromaphilic and hypochromic RBCs and WBC were examined.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: Before treatment and on days 10, 20, 30 and 45 of treatment.
- Animals fasted: No data available
- How many animals: All 128 treated rats were examined.
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined: Residual nitrogen, pyruvic acid, catalase, alanine
aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST] levels, nitrogen and pyruvic acid in serum and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activities in the liver and kidney were examined.

URINALYSIS: No data available
- Time schedule for collection of urine: No data available
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: No data available
- Animals fasted: No data available
- Parameters checked in table [No.?] were examined. No data available

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No data available
- Time schedule for examinations: No data available
- Dose groups that were examined: No data available
- Battery of functions tested: sensory activity / grip strength / motor activity / other: No data available

OTHER:
Other parameters EKG at lead II, oxygen consumption and organ weight were examined.

Organ weighted:
Heart, liver, kidneys, and spleen, brain and testicles were examined.

Sacrifice and pathology:

GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
Degenerative changes and volume of organ were observed.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes

Organ examined: Heart, liver, kidneys, and spleen, brain and testicles were examined.

Other examinations:

No data available

Statistics:

No data available

Results and discussion

Results of examinations

Clinical signs:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

When treated with 800 mg/kg/day sign of toxicity such as depression, cyanosis, hair loss and hematuria were observed in treatecd rat as compare to control.

Mortality:

mortality observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence):

No mortality was observed in treated rat

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

A lag in body weight gain was observed in treated rat as compared to controls.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not specified

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

The concentration of hemoglobin in the blood (Day 45) and the total number of red blood cells (RBCs) were statistically significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the 800mg/Kg/day dosed group (approximately 25 and 27% less than controls). Polychromaphilic and hypochromic RBCs, signs of anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, and a tendency toward leucopenia were also noted

Clinical biochemistry findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

The activities of ALT and AST in the serum were increased approximately by about 45% and 20%, respectively, and the ALT/AST ratio was decreased in high-dose rats compared to controls. Levels of residual serum nitrogen and serum pyruvic acid were statistically significantly (p < 0.05) increased, and rates of oxygen consumption and serum catalase activity were statistically significantly (p < 0.02) decreased in the high-dose group of 800 mg//Kg/day

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Immunological findings:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

When treated with 800 mg/kg/day, increased in relative weight of heart, liver, kidneys and spleen and decreased weight and volume of testicles were observed in treated rat as compare to control. Decreased weight and volume of the testicles were noted in high-dose (800 mg/Kg/day) animals.

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Degenerative changes and evidence of hemorrhage in the myocardium, kidneys, liver, spleen and brain were observed in 800 mg/kg/day treated rats.

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not specified

Description (incidence and severity):

Histological alterations were noted in the testicles (increased incidence of tubules with desquamated spermatogenic epithelium), but not the ovaries, of high-dose 800 mg/Kg/day rats. Similar, but less pronounced, evidence of toxicity was observed in 160 mg/kg/day dose rats.

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not specified

Effect levels

1

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

80 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: No adverse effect observed on hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weight, gross pathology and histopathology. There was no moartality observed.

2

Dose descriptor:

LOAEL

Effect level:

160 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: Effect on clinical sign, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weight, gross pathology and histopathology.

Target system / organ toxicity

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Any other information on results incl. tables

Haematology:

When treated with 800 mg/kg/day, statistically significantly reduction in hemoglobin and total number of red blood cells (RBCs) was observed as compared to control.

 

Polychromaphilic and hypochromic RBCs, signs of

anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, and a tendency toward leucopenia were in treated rat

 

Parameter	Dose in mg/kg-day
	Control	800
Hematology (means ± standard deviation)
Concentration of hemoglobin on Day 45 (g%)	15.88 ± 0.82	12.02 ± 2.08^c
Number of RBCs (millions)	6.38 ± 0.25	4.63 ± 0.79^d

 

c -Significantly different from control at p < 0.02

d- Significantly different from control at p < 0.001

 

Clinical chemistry:

When treated with 800 mg/kg/day, alanine

aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST], nitrogen and serum pyruvic acid levels in serum increased and ALT/AST ratio,rates of oxygen consumptioncatalase activity was decreased as compared to control.

SDH and LDH activities were inhibited in liver and the kidney of treated rat.

Parameter	Dose in mg/kg-day
	Control	800
Clinical Chemistry (means ± standard deviation)
ALT (mmole)	2.57 ± 0.37	4.69 ± 0.5^d
AST (mmole)	2.95 ± 0.27	3.74 ± 0.45^d
Residual serum nitrogen(mg%)	34 ± 2.4	45.5 ± 6^c
Serum pyruvic acid (mg%)	1.67 ± 0.1	2.36 ± 0.32^d
Catalasee activity (mg%)	1.04 ± 0.11	0.18 ± 0.13^d

 

c -Significantly different from control at p < 0.02

d- Significantly different from control at p < 0.001

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

The NOAEL (No observed adverse effect level) and low observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) was considered to be 80 mg/kg/day and 160 mg/kg/day respectively when rats were treated with 2, 4, 6 trichloroaniline orally for 45 days.

Executive summary:

In a Subchronic repeated dose toxicity study, male and female white rats were exposed to 2, 4, 6 trichloroaniline in the concentrations of 0, 80, 160 and 800 mg/kg/day. The test chemical was given by oral route to test animals for 45 days. The animals were observed for clinical signs, mortality changes in body weight, food consumption, organ weight, hemotological and clinical chemistry changes and the animals were subject to gross and histo-pathology. The results showed that 2, 4, 6 trichloroaniline is toxic at higher doses. Toxic changes were observed as depression, cyanosis, hair loss, and hematuria, lag in weight gain,reduction in hemoglobin and total number of red blood cells (RBCs), Polychromaphilic and hypochromic RBCs, signs of anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, and a tendency toward leucopenia and increased in alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST], nitrogen and serum pyruvic acid levels and decreased ALT/AST ratio,rates of oxygen consumptioncatalase activity. SDH and LDH activities were inhibited in liver and the kidney of 800 mg/kg/day treated rat. Increase in relative weight of heart, liver, kidneys and spleen and decreased weight and volume of testicles were also observed. In addition, Degenerative changes and evidence of hemorrhage in the myocardium, kidneys, liver, spleen and brain and histopathological changes such as tubules with desquamated spermatogenic epithelium in testicles in male rat were observed. Based on the observations made, the NOAEL (No observed adverse effect level) and low observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) was considered to be 80 mg/kg/day and 160 mg/kg/day respectively when rats were treated with 2, 4, 6 trichloroaniline orally for 45 days.