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EC number: 203-694-5 | CAS number: 109-67-1
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- Endpoint summary
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- Environmental data
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- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
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- Toxicological Summary
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- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
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Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 25 - 27 August 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study under GLP with full documentation.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The temperature for the reference study lay in a range of 22.6 to 22.7 °C and therefore higher than stated in the guidelines. No critical immobility occurred during the test. Non-critical deviation.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The temperature for the reference study lay in a range of 22.6 to 22.7 °C and therefore higher than stated in the guidelines. No critical immobility occurred during the test. Non-critical deviation.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Medium: M4-Medium (recipe of ELENDT; 293.80 mg/L CaCl2*2H2O, 123.30 mg/L MgSO4*7H2O, 64.80 mg/L NaHCO3, 5.80 mg/L KCl in deionised water).
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna STRAUSS
- Strain: Berlin
- Origin: Umweltbundesamt Berlin
- Animal Husbandry: Daphnia magna is bred in the LAUS GmbH throughout the year. The animals are kept for the use in toxicity tests. They multiply by parthenogenesis, thus being genetically identical. The husbandry is performed similar to the method described in EN ISO 6341, following SOP 115 002 01 („Zucht und Hälterung von Daphnia magna STRAUS“), edition 9, adopted 27. Apr. 2007.
- Vessels glass beakers, nominal volume 2 l
- Medium M4-Medium (recipe of ELENDT)
- Food unicellular green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus)
- Medium renewal twice a week
- Photo period 16/8 hours, using neon tubes
- Temperature 20 +/- 2 °C
- Age at study initiation: 0 - 23 h
- Method of breeding: parthenogenesis
- Feeding during test: None - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- The immobilised animals were also counted after 24 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Hardness:
- 2.50 mmol (250 mg CaCO3/L)
- Test temperature:
- 22 +/- 1 °C
- pH:
- 7.8 +/- 0.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- At t = 0 h: 8.2 +/- 0.0 mg/L in the test media
At t = 48 h: 7.6 - 8.8 mg/L in the test media - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Test item, nominal concentrations: 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L
Test item, measured concentrations: see Table 3 of chapter "Any other information on results incl. tables"
Positive control, nominal concentrations: 1.0, 1.25, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Test item: closed glass flasks. Positive Control: glass beakers
- Type: closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Test item: total volume 310 mL, fill volume 310 mL. Positive Control: nominal volume: 50 mL
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: Test item and positive control: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): n.a. as no vehicle used
- Biomass loading rate: n.a.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16/8 hours, using neon tubes
- Light intensity: not reported
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : immobilisation - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- K2Cr2O7 (CAS No. 7778-50-9)
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 34 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Results based on the concentrations measured at the end of the test (initial concentration were much too low, probably due to insufficient homogenisation)
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 110 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Results based on the concentrations measured at the end of the test (initial concentration were much too low, probably due to insufficient homogenisation)
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- > 140 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Results based on the concentrations measured at the end of the test (initial concentration were much too low, probably due to insufficient homogenisation)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 20 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Results based on the concentrations measured at the end of the test (initial concentration were much too low, probably due to insufficient homogenisation)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 35 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Results based on the concentrations measured at the end of the test (initial concentration were much too low, probably due to insufficient homogenisation)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- 140 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Results based on the concentrations measured at the end of the test (initial concentration were much too low, probably due to insufficient homogenisation)
- Details on results:
- The estimation of the EC50 was accomplished using the software Origin(TM). The data were evaluated using sigmoidal fit on a linear-logarithmic scale.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- EC50/LC50: The 24h-EC50i of potassium dichromate was determined as 1.6 mg/L, lying within the de-manded range of 0.6 – 1.7 mg/L. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Acute toxicity of 1-Pentene to Daphnia magna was determined under GLP according to OECD 202 guideline. The experiment was valid according to the validity criteria.
The 48h-EC50 is 35 mg/L. - Executive summary:
Due to the volatility of the test item, the test was performed in a closed system and the nominal load of test item was directly injected into the test vessels.
The main study was performed using five concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 mg/L. Twenty daphnia were exposed to the test item for 48 hours in a static test system. After 24 and 48 hours, the immobilised daphnia were counted.
Three concentrations showed toxicity ranging from 45 and 100% immobilisation. None of the animals were immobilised in the control.
The 24 h-EC50iof potassium dichromate was tested in a current reference test. The value was determined as 1.6 mg/L, lying within the demanded range of 0.6 – 1.7 mg/L.
At the beginning and at the end of the test, the content of the test item in the test solutions was determined using GC. The measured values at the end of the test were in the expected range, but at the beginning, the measured values are too low. This was due to insufficient homogenisation in the completely filled test vessels: for verification, one treatment with the concentration 120 mg/L was prepared in the same fashion as in the main study (only without daphnia) and analysed at t = 0 h, 1 h and 4 h. After 1 h 92% of the nominal concentration were recovered. Therefore, the scheduled test item concentrations were stated as stable under test conditions and the determination of the biological results was based on the measured concentrations at the end of the test.
The following results were determined for the test item Pentene-1 (species: Daphnia magna).24h-NOEC = 34 mg/L
48h-NOEC = 20 mg/L
24h-EC50i= 115 mg/L
48h-EC50i= 35 mg/L
48h EC100 = 140 mg/L
Reference
STABILITY OF THE TEST SUBSTANCE IN THE MEDIUM
The stability in test medium was determined by spiking 104.5 mL test medium with 1.5 µL (conc. 9.2 mg/L) and 16 µL (conc. 98 mg/L) Pentene-1. At t = 0; after 1 and 2 days storage at room temperature, respectively, 1 mL test solution (two replicates) was collected. A sample volume of 50 µL was taken from the headspace and measured threefold via GC/FID. The solutions in the vials were temperate for 15 minutes at 20°C before measurement. The measured areas at the end of the storage period were compared with the mean areas from the beginning. For each concentration three replicates were analysed.
The results are presented in the following table:
Table 1 Stability in Test Medium at concentration 9.2 mg/L
Time |
Area1_1 |
Area1_2 |
Area2_1 |
Area2_2 |
Area3_1 |
Area3_2 |
Areamean |
0 days |
37.51 |
46.76 |
48.20 |
47.92 |
57.46 |
39.86 |
46.29 |
1 days |
41.55 |
44.65 |
37.52 |
42.24 |
42.12 |
48.98 |
42.84 |
2 days |
31.95 |
30.15 |
28.85 |
30.20 |
33.43 |
44.48 |
33.18 |
Recovery after 1 day |
92.6 % |
||||||
Recovery after 2 days |
71.7 % |
Table 2 Stability in Test Medium at concentration 98 mg/L
Zeit |
Area1_1 |
Area1_2 |
Area2_1 |
Area2_2 |
Area3_1 |
Area3_2 |
Areamean |
0 days |
470.97 |
382.18 |
494.63 |
403.22 |
520.86 |
435.22 |
451.18 |
1 days |
317.86 |
286.72 |
446.11 |
343.55 |
342.56 |
382.63 |
353.24 |
2 days |
324.85 |
285.36 |
336.85 |
319.83 |
355.96 |
333.29 |
326.02 |
Recovery after 1 day |
78.3 % |
||||||
Recovery after 2 days |
72.3 % |
Due to the high volatility of the test item, no better stability could be determined.
RESULTS OF THE MAIN STUDY WITH THE TEST ITEM
- Measured concentrations
The measured concentration after
48 hours was in a range of 75 – 140 % of the nominal concentration. With
the exception of the lowest concentrated treatment, the measured
concentrations at the beginning were much too low. This was believed to
be due to insufficient homogenisation. Therefore, one treatment with a
nominal concentration of 121 mg/L was prepared in the same fashion as in
the main study (only without daphnia) and analysed at t = 0 h, 1 h and 4
h. After 1 h, 92% of the nominal concentration were recovered.
Therefore, the determination of the biological results was based on the
measured concentrations at the end of the test.
The measured concentrations for treatment and control are given in the following table:
Table 3 Measured Concentrations Main Study
Nominal Concentration in mg/L |
Measured Concentration in mg/L |
% of Nominal Concentration |
||
0 h |
48 h |
0 h |
48 h |
|
0 |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
10 |
11.2 |
12.1 |
112 |
121 |
18 |
7.2 |
19.5 |
40 |
109 |
32 |
5.9 |
33.7 |
18 |
105 |
56 |
9.8 |
41.8 |
17 |
75 |
100 |
15.7 |
139.9 |
16 |
140 |
LOQ = Limit of quantification (1.2 mg/L)
- Immobilities
In the control, none of the daphnia died or showed any signs of abnormal behaviour throughout the test (see table below).
Table 4 Immobilities
Nominal Concentration in mg/L |
Immobility 24 hours |
Immobility 48 hours |
||||||||
abs. |
in % |
abs. |
in % |
|||||||
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
32 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
10 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
4 |
45 |
56 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
40 |
4 |
2 |
5 |
3 |
70 |
100 |
3 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
55 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
100 |
Description of key information
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
OECD 202, GLP, key study, validity 2
48h-EC50 (Daphnia magna)= 35 mg/L
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 35 mg/L
Additional information
Due to the volatility of the test item, the test was performed in a closed system and the nominal load of test item was directly injected into the test vessels.
The main study was performed using five concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 mg/L. Twenty daphnia were exposed to the test item for 48 hours in a static test system. After 24 and 48 hours, the immobilised daphnia were counted.
Three concentrations showed toxicity ranging from 45 and 100% immobilisation. None of the animals were immobilised in the control.
The 24 h-EC50iof potassium dichromate was tested in a current reference test. The value was determined as 1.6 mg/L, lying within the demanded range of 0.6 – 1.7 mg/L.
At the beginning and at the end of the test, the content of the test item in the test solutions was determined using GC. The measured values at the end of the test were in the expected range, but at the beginning, the measured values are too low. This was due to insufficient homogenisation in the completely filled test vessels: for verification, one treatment with the concentration 120 mg/L was prepared in the same fashion as in the main study (only without daphnia) and analysed at t = 0 h, 1 h and 4 h. After 1 h 92% of the nominal concentration were recovered. Therefore, the scheduled test item concentrations were stated as stable under test conditions and the determination of the biological results was based on the measured concentrations at the end of the test.
The following results were
determined for the test item Pentene-1 (species:Daphnia magna).
24h-NOEC = 34 mg/L
48h-NOEC = 20 mg/L
24h-EC50i=
115 mg/L
48h-EC50i= 35
mg/L
48h EC100 = 140 mg/L
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