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EC number: 221-921-6 | CAS number: 3282-30-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Acute Toxicity: dermal
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 987
- Report date:
- 1987
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- other
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Pivaloyl chloride
- EC Number:
- 221-921-6
- EC Name:
- Pivaloyl chloride
- Cas Number:
- 3282-30-2
- Molecular formula:
- C5H9ClO
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,2-dimethylpropanoyl chloride
- Details on test material:
- Purity of test material was not analytically confirmed. It was used as received from PPG Industries. Purity of that material is listed as > 99% on the MSDS.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 2.4 to 3.05 kg
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: for at least one week before use
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Details on dermal exposure:
- The animals did not have any evidence of pre-existing skin irritation or defects. The hair on the dorsal surface of the trunk of each animal was clipped on the day prior to treatment. On the day of treatment, surgical gauze (2 layers thick) was applied to the site and taped with non-irritating adhesive tape. The entire trunk of each animal was wrapped with a semi-permeable material and secured with the tape. The test material (2010 mg/kg; 2.05
ml/kg) was introduced under the gauze. The exposure area was not washed. - Duration of exposure:
- 24 h
- Doses:
- 2010 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- Animals were observed for toxicity at 1/2, 3, and 6 hour after treatment and at least once daily thereafter for 14 days. They were observed for erythema (and eschar formation) and edema 24 hours after treatment and on Days 2, 3, 4, 7, 10 and 14. The maximum possible scores on each day were 4 for both endpoints. At each time, all erythema and edema scores were added and the sum was divided by the number of animals to determine an irritation score.
Body weights were recorded just prior to treatment and on
Days 7 and 14. A gross necropsy was performed on each animal
upon euthanization on day 14. - Statistics:
- The LD50 values were calculated by the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (J Pham Ther 96: 99-115, 1949).
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 2 010 mg/kg bw
- Mortality:
- One female died on Day 11. There were no other deaths.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Toxicological effects observed in 1-4 animals during the study included activity decrease, ataxia, constricted pupils, decreased defecation and urination, diarrhea, emaciation, hemorrhaging (at exposure area), nasal discharge, polyuria and small feces.
- Gross pathology:
- Gross necropsy findings in the animal that died included extensive ulceration throughout the exposure area, signs of emaciation, liver mottled pale red and red-brown, stomach distended with gas and almost empty, brown slurry in small intestine and green-brown paste in cecum. One other animal had significant necropsy findings (GI tract distended with gas, stomach filled with green liquid, and green slurry throughout the intestinal tract).
- Other findings:
- The maximum irritation score was 6.9. Since necrosis and ulceration were present on all animals, the test material was given a descriptive rating of corrosive.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
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