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EC number: 205-480-7 | CAS number: 141-32-2
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
The aquatic toxicity of the six acrylic esters (methyl, 2-ethylhexyl, ethyl, butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl acrylate) is evaluated as a category.
Data of the acute toxicity in freshwater organisms are available for all three trophic levels (fish, aquatic invertebrates and algae). Effect values were all in the same range of concentrations, i.e. between 1 and 10 mg/L.
Freshwater fish:
LC50 values for Oncorhynchus mykiss were determined to be 3.4 mg/L (measured) for methyl acrylate (BAMM 1995), 1.81 mg/L (measured) for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (BASF AG 1999), and 4.6 mg/L (measured) for ethyl acrylate (BAMM 1990), respectively.
The LC50 value for Salmo gairdneri was 5.2 mg/L (measured) for butyl acrylate (BAMM 1990) and the LC50 value for Pimephalis promelas was approx. 2.1 mg/L (measured) for isobutyl acrylate (Russom et al. 1988).
Tert-butyl acrylate was tested in an acute toxicity study with Leuciscus idus under static test conditions without analytical monitoring and in an open system (BASF AG, 1978). Test concentrations were recalculated based on the nominal test concentrations at test start and the assumption that at test termination all concentrations were below the limit of detection (0.1 mg/L) as worst case. The 96-hour LC50 was recalculated to be 2.37 mg/L.
Thus, LC50 values for freshwater fish were between 1.81 and 5.2 mg/L.
Freshwater invertebrates:
EC50 values for Daphnia magna were 2.6 mg/L (measured) for methyl acrylate (BAMM 1995), 1.3 mg/L (measured) for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (BASF AG 2001), 7.9 mg/L (measured) for ethyl acrylate (BAMM 1990), 8.2 mg/L (measured) for n-butyl acrylate (BAMM 1990), and 8.74 mg/L (measured) for tert-butyl acrylate (BASF AG, 2001), respectively. No acute toxicity studies in invertebrates involving analytical monitoring available for isobutyl acrylate.
Thus, EC50 values for freshwater invertebrates were between 1.3 and 8.74 mg/L.
Freshwater algae:
EC50 values for Selenastrum capricornutum were 3.55 mg/L (measured) for methyl acrylate (BAMM 1995), and 4.5 mg/L (measured) for ethyl acrylate (BAMM 1990) based on growth rate, and 2.65 mg/L (measured) for n-butyl acrylate (BAMM 1990) based on cell number, respectively. The EC50 (growth rate) for Desmodesmus subspicatus was 1.71 mg/L (measured) for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (BASF AG 2002), 5.28 mg/L (measured) for isobutyl acrylate (BASF AG 2002), and 14.6 mg/L (measured) for tert-butyl acrylate (BASF AG, 2002), respectively.
From three of the presented algae studies no observed effect concentrations could be derived. The NOEC for Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined to be 0.45 mg/L (measured) for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 0.82 mg/L (measured) for isobutyl acrylate, and 3.85 mg/L (measured) for tert-butyl acrylate, respectively.
Thus, EC50 values for freshwater algae were between 1.71 and 14.6 mg/L. The NOEC values ranged from 0.45 to 3.85 mg/L.
Based on the presented data, the most sensitive freshwater organism for the acrylic esters was Daphnia magna (EC50 = 1.3 mg/L).
In addition, there is a number of acute toxicity studies in marine organisms for two trophic levels (fish, invertebrates) available.
Marine fish:
LC50 values in Cyprinodon variegatus were estimated to be 1.1 mg/L for methyl acrylate (BAMM, 1995), 2.0 mg/L (measured) for ethyl acrylate (BAMM 1995), and 2.1 mg/L (measured) for n-butyl acrylate (BAMM, 1996), respectively.
Thus, LC50 values for marine fish ranged from 1.1 to 2.1 mg/L.
Marine invertebrates:
In an acute toxicity study with the seawater invertebrate Mysidopsis bahia (BAMM, 1996) an 96-hr LC50 of 1.6 mg/L based on mean measured concentrations was determined for methyl acrylate.
Long-term toxicity:
Concerning long-term effects, a 21 -day chronic study with ethyl acrylate in Daphnia magna was conducted according to EPA guideline under flow-through conditions and with analytical monitoring (BAMM 1997). The NOEC for reproduction was 0.19 mg/L (measured). In addition, a 21 -day Daphnia magna Reproduction Test was performed with n-butyl acrylate under semi-static conditions in accordance with OECD TG 211 (BASF SE, 2009). The effect concentrations were based on the time-weighted mean analytically detected concentrations: NOEC (reproduction) = 0.136 mg/L; LOEC (reproduction) = 0.457 mg/L.
Aerobic microorganisms:
The assessment of toxicity towards aerobic microorganisms was based solely on data acquired with n-butyl acrylate.
Effect values after 72 hrs exposure in a microbiological inhibition test with domestic activated sludge (BOD test) were: threshold inhibition concentration > 150 mg/L (BAMM 1995).
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