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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 221-621-5 | CAS number: 3164-34-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Repeated dose toxicity: other routes
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: other route
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study has been assessed for the use in a category approach. According to the methodology and to the extent of available details, the study has been judged as reliable with restrictions.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- THE VASCULAR REACTIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE TARTRATE NEPHRITIS
- Author:
- H. T. KARSNER
- Year:
- 1 917
- Bibliographic source:
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Subacute administration of substance by subcutaneous route to in vivo animals to evaluate repetaed dose toxicity
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- (+)-tartaric acid
- EC Number:
- 201-766-0
- EC Name:
- (+)-tartaric acid
- Cas Number:
- 87-69-4
- Molecular formula:
- C4H6O6
- IUPAC Name:
- (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- no data
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- dog
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: intraperitoneal injection and subcutaneous injection
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on exposure:
- It will be noticed that whereas in the second and third day animals the tartrate was administered subcutaneously, in the fifth day animals the dose was given intraperitoneally. This was because of the likelihood of necrosis and sloughing about the site of subcutaneous injections.
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 5 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- no data
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
Tartrate nephritis was induced by subcutaneous/intraperitoneal injection of tartaric acid
The caffein in all cases was in the form of a 1% solution of the pure alkaloid, the strong saline was 5% NaCl solution, the adrenaline 1-1000 solution, the dog's urine filtered and undiluted. In every case the solutions were warmed and run into the femoral vein from a burette; the latter being washed out with 8 to 10 cc. 0.85 per cent salt solution. In the case of dogs A, C and 3, caffein solution was used in arbitrary doses of 2 cc., but in all other animals was given at the rate of 1 cc. per kilo. Strong saline was given at the rate of 5 cc. per kilo. Adrenalin was given in the arbitrary amount of 1 drop 1-1000 solution. Dog urine was given in arbitrary doses of 3 cc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- In all, 32 dogs were used for this study including the normal controls.
The protocols of three normal controls follow. Three dogs were studied approximately twenty-four hours after poisoning, 3 dogs at forty-eight hours and 3 dogs after four days had elapsed. After each experiment thin blocks of kidney were fixed in Zenker's fluid, embedded in celloidin, cut and stained with hemalum and eosin. - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- no data
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- no data
- Other examinations:
- no data
- Statistics:
- no data
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- Histological examination was made of the kidneys of 8 of the 9 animals reported above and varying degrees of degenerative and necrotic changes found in the tubular epithelium. The glomeruli were congested but no exudate was found in the subcapsular spaces. It would appear that the precipitate in the glomerular subcapsular space is not dependent upon the duration of the condition nor upon the mode of administration of the drug and that it is probably washed out in the course of active diuresis such as occurs in the physiological experiments.
Effect levels
open allclose all
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: effects with tartrate nephritis
- Based on:
- other: caffein, saline solution, adrenalin, own dog's urine
- Sex:
- not specified
- Basis for effect level:
- other: During the second and third days of tartrate nephritis in dogs the vascular reactions of the kidney are practically normal except that caffein does not produce a diuretic effect equal to that seen in normal dogs.
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Remarks:
- Effect level not specified (migrated information)
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: effects with tartrate nephritis
- Based on:
- other: caffein, saline solution, adrenalin, own dog's urine
- Sex:
- not specified
- Basis for effect level:
- other: In the fifth day of tartrate nephritis the vascular reactions are somewhat more marked than normal and the diuretic effect of caffein is equal to that seen in normal animals.
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Remarks:
- Effect level not specified (migrated information)
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: effects with tartrate nephritis
- Based on:
- other: caffein, saline solution, adrenalin, own dog's urine
- Sex:
- not specified
- Basis for effect level:
- other: The study has shown no additional reasons for believing that the appearance of albuminous precipitate in the subcapsular space indicates an alteration in the functional capacity of the glomerulus, nor has the converse been proven.
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Remarks:
- Effect level not specified (migrated information)
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: effects with tartrate nephritis
- Based on:
- other: caffein, saline solution, adrenalin, own dog's urine
- Sex:
- not specified
- Basis for effect level:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Remarks:
- Effect level not specified (migrated information)
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- other: effects with tartrate nephritis
- Based on:
- other: caffein, saline solution, adrenalin, own dog's urine
- Sex:
- not specified
- Basis for effect level:
- other: The depressor substance of dog' s urine is not removed by the presence of tartrate nephritis, although it may be somewhat reduced either in quantity or in activity.
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Remarks:
- Effect level not specified (migrated information)
Target system / organ toxicity
- Key result
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
4 dogs died before there was opportunity to study the vascular reactions and all showed marked necrosis of the epithelium of the convoluted tubules. One of these animals survived only eight hours after the injection of tartrate (intraperitoneally) yet showed marked necrosis in addition to the glomerular condition, one other survived twenty-one hours (after subcutaneous injection) one survived twenty-four hours (intraperitoneal injection) and one survived forty-eight hours (subcutaneous ·injection).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Dogs with tartrate nephritis showed normal vascular reactions in the first 3 days whereas at 5th day the vascular reactions were somewhat more marked than normal and the diuretic effect of caffein was equal to that seen in normal animals.
- Executive summary:
Dogs with tartrate nephritis showed normal vascular reactions in the first 3 days whereas at 5th day the vascular reactions were somewhat more marked than normal and the diuretic effect of caffein was equal to that seen in normal animals.
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