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Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

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Reference
Endpoint:
long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: GLP guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
Only three test substance concentrations were tested. According to OECD Guideline 211, normally there should be at least five test concentrations arranged in a geometric series with a separation factor preferably not exceeding 3.2.
GLP compliance:
yes
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: A stock solution was prepared to give the desired series of test concentrations. 10 mg of the test susbstance were added to 1 L of dilution water and treated for 1 h with and ultrasonic bath and afterwards stirred for 24 h. Finally undissolved particles of the test substance were removed by filtration.
Test organisms (species):
Daphnia magna
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: Bundesgesundheitsamt, Berlin, Germany; maintained since more than 15 years in the test facility
- Age of parental stock: <= 24 h
- Food type: Scenedesmus subspicatus
- Amount and frequency: day 1-7: 0.1 mg C/Daphnia/day; day 8-21: 0.2 mg C/Daphnia/day

Test type:
semi-static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
21 d
Hardness:
257-280.2 mg/L as CaCo3
Test temperature:
25 ± 1 °C
pH:
8.0 ± 0.2
Dissolved oxygen:
Control: 8.5 - 9.2 mg/L
Highest test concentration: 8.4 - 9.2 mg/L
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal test cocnentrations: control, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1 mg a.i./L
Mean measured concentrations: -, 0.009, 0.022, 0.07 mg a.i./L
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, nominal volume, fill volume: glass beakers, 150 ml, 100 ml
- Aeration: none
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency): three times a week
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 10

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstitued water (M4-medium)
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Dissolved oxygen concentration, water temperature and pH-value were measured once a week in old and fresh media, in one replicate of the control and highest test substance concentration.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16:8 h light-darkness cycle
- Light intensity: not exceeding 800 lx

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Number of living offspring per parent animal and behaviour/mortality rate of parent Daphnia three times a week

Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
0.022 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
0.009 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (arithm. mean)
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Details on results:
- Mortality of parent animals: none
- Time to first brood release: 5 days
- Mean reproduction rates: 88.4 %, 84.3 % and 81.5 % for the 0.01, 0.03 and 0.1 mg/L concentrations, respectively

Description of key information

NOEC (21 d) for Daphnia magna = 0.009 mg a.i./L (measured) related to reproduction.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates
Effect concentration:
0.009 mg/L

Additional information

To assess the chronic toxicity of OPP (CAS-No. 90-43-7) on aquatic invertebrates a reproduction study with Daphnia magna is available. This test was performed according to OEC 211 and in GLP compliance. Under semi-static conditions individuals of Daphnia magna were exposed to OPP for 21 days. The observed NOEC (21 d) and LOEC (21 d) values were 0.009 mg a.i./L (measured) and 0.022 mg a.i./L (measured), respectively (Bruns, 2001).

Furthermore, another test on life cycle of Daphnia magna was performed for OPP by Caspers (1989) according to the Guideline Draft 4XI/681/86. However, due to some significant deficiencies (no analytical determination of test substance concentrations; test substance not specified, reproduction rate in control vessel only 44.4 neonates per parent) the results should only be regarded as additional information.