Benzyl propionate

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Acute oral toxicity: 

Acute oral toxicity dose (LD50) of Benzyl propionate (CAS no: 122-63-4) was considered based on Sustainability Support Services (Europe) AB (Report No. 14_49_012, 2014) >2000 mg/kg bw; and McGinty et al.(Food and Chemical Toxicology 50, S486–S490, 2012) 3300 mg/kg bw. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation, Benzyl propionate cannot be classified for acute oral toxicity.

Acute Inhalation toxicity: 

Acute Inhalation toxicity dose (LC50) for Benzyl propionate (CAS no: 122-63-4) was predicted based on OECD QSAR toolbox 105.18 mg/L air (105180 mg/m³). Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation, Benzyl propionate cannot be classified for acute Inhalation toxicity.

Acute Dermal toxicity: 

Acute Dermal toxicity dose (LD50) of Benzyl propionate (CAS no: 122-63-4) was considered based on Sustainability Support Services (Europe) AB (Report No. 14_49_013, 2014) >2000 mg/kg bw; and McGinty et al.(Food and Chemical Toxicology 50, S486–S490, 2012) >5000 mg/kg bw. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation, Benzyl propionate cannot be classified for acute dermal toxicity.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study

Justification for type of information:

data is from experimental reports

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 423 (Acute Oral toxicity - Acute Toxic Class Method)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity potential of Benzyl propionate in rats.

GLP compliance:

yes

Test type:

acute toxic class method

Limit test:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Benzyl propionate
- Molecular formula: C10H12O2
- Molecular weight: 164.203 g/mol
- Substance type: organic
- Physical state: Liquid
- Smiles notation: c1(COC(CC)=O)ccccc1
- InChl: 1S/C10H12O2/c1-2-10(11)12-8-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-7H,2,8H2,1H3

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source:Bharat Serum and Vaccines Limited, India.
- Age at study initiation:8- 11 weeks at the time of dosing.
- Health Status:Healthy young adult animals were used for the study. Females were nulliparous and non pregnant.
- Weight at study initiation:Minimum: 181 g and Maximum: 213 g (Individual body weights were within ± 6% prior to treatment after overnight fasting) - Fasting period:Wistar rats were fasted for 16-18 hrs.
- Housing:The animals were housed individually in polycarbonate cages.
- Bedding:All cages were provided with corn cobs.
- Room Sanitation:The experimental room floor and work tops were swept and mopped with disinfectant solution every day.
- Cages and water bottle:All the cages and water bottles were changed at least twice every week.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum):All animals were provided conventional laboratory rodent diet (Nutrivet Life Sciences, Pune) ad libitum.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum):Aqua guard filtered tap water was provided ad libitum via drinking bottles.
- Acclimation period:Animal nos. 1-3 were acclimatized for five days and 4-6 for seven days prior to administration of the test item.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C):Minimum: 20.40°C and Maximum: 23.10°C
- Humidity (%):Minimum: 38.40 % and Maximum: 58.70 %
- Air changes (per hr):More than 12 changes per hour.
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light):12:12

Route of administration:

oral: unspecified

Vehicle:

corn oil

Details on oral exposure:

VEHICLE
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage):10 ml
- Justification for choice of vehicle:N/A
- Lot/batch no. (if required):MKBD4650
- Purity:N/A

MAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED:10 ml/kg body weight.

Doses:

2000 mg/kg bw

No. of animals per sex per dose:

6 female rats

Control animals:

not specified

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing:Daily
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
At the end of 14 day observation period, all the survived rats were euthanised by overdose of CO2 for external and internal observations.
- Other examinations performed:
Clinical Observation
After test item administration, individual animals were frequently observed at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours post dosing on day 0 (day of dosing). Subsequently, all the surviving animals were observed once a day during the 14 day observation period.

Body weight
All surviving rats were weighed on days 0 (prior to dosing), 7 and 14. Animals were weighed immediately after found dead.

other:
Mortality
All surviving animals were observed twice daily (morning and evening) for morbidity and mortality, throughout the acclimatization and study period.

Statistics:

No data available

Preliminary study:

No data available

Sex:

female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Remarks on result:

other: No mortality was observed

Mortality:

No mortality was observed in the animals treated with 2000 mg/kg dose throught out the 14 days observation period post dosing.

Clinical signs:

other: At 2000 mg/kg, animal nos. 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 were observed normal throughout the experimental period, whereas animal no. 4 was observed normal at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours, with mild ataxia from day 1 to 4, with mild tremors on day 1, with mild chrom

Gross pathology:

No external and internal gross pathological changes were seen in all the six animals treated with 2000 mg/kg body weight during terminal sacrifice.

Other findings:

No data available

Table 1: Individual Animal Body Weight (g) andBody Weight Changes(%)

Sex:Female

Animal No.	Group/ Dose (mg/kg)	Body Weight (gram)			Body Weight Change (%)
		Day 0	Day 7	Day 14	Day 0-7	Day 0-14
1	G1/ 2000	213	233	247	9.39	15.96
2		200	227	240	13.50	20.00
3		189	221	252	16.93	33.33
4		194	173	205	-10.82	5.67
5		186	203	209	9.14	12.37
6		181	195	196	7.73	8.29

 

 

 

Table 2: Summary of Animal Body Weight (g) and Body Weight Changes (%)

Sex:Female

Group/ Dose (mg/kg)		Rats Body Weight (g)			Body Weight Changes (%)
		Day 0	Day 7	Day 14	0-7	0-14
G1/ 2000	Mean	193.83	208.67	224.83	7.65	15.94
	SD	11.44	22.68	24.23	9.66	9.96
	n	6	6	6	6	6

Keys:SD = Standard Deviation, n = Number of Animals

 

Table 3: Individual Animal Clinical Signs and Symptoms

Sex:Female

Animal No.	Group/ Dose (mg/kg)	Hours (Day 0)
		1/2	1	2	3	4
1	G1/ 2000	1	1	1	1	1
2		1	1	1	1	1
3		1	1	1	1	1
4		1	1	1	1	1
5		1	1	1	1	1
6		1	1	1	1	1

 

Animal No.		Group/ Dose (mg/kg)		Days post dosing
			1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10		11		12		13		14
1		G1/ 2000		21^+ 166^+		21^+ 32^++		21^+ 32^+ 99^++		21^+ 99^+ 32^+		32^+ 99^++		32^+ 99^++		99^++		99^+		99^+		1		1		1		1		1
2			1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1
3			1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1
4			1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1
5			1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1
6			1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1		1

Keys:1 = Normal, 21 = Ataxia, 32 = Chromodacryorrhea, 99 = Lethargy, 166 = Tremors, + = Mild, ++ = Moderate

 

 

Table 4: Individual Animal Mortality Record

Sex:Female

Animal No.	Group/ Dose (mg/kg)	Day of Observation (Day 0 to 14)
		Morning Observations	Evening Observations
1	G1/ 2000	No mortality and morbidity	No mortality and morbidity
2		No mortality and morbidity	No mortality and morbidity
3		No mortality and morbidity	No mortality and morbidity
4		No mortality and morbidity	No mortality and morbidity
5		No mortality and morbidity	No mortality and morbidity
6		No mortality and morbidity	No mortality and morbidity

Table 5: Gross Necropsy Observation

 Sex:Female

 

Animal No.	Group/ Dose (mg/kg)	Mode of Death	Gross Observation
			External	Internal
1	G1/ 2000	Terminal sacrifice	No abnormality detected	No abnormality detected
2		Terminal sacrifice	No abnormality detected	No abnormality detected
3		Terminal sacrifice	No abnormality detected	No abnormality detected
4		Terminal sacrifice	No abnormality detected	No abnormality detected
5		Terminal sacrifice	No abnormality detected	No abnormality detected
6		Terminal sacrifice	No abnormality detected	No abnormality detected

 

Interpretation of results:

other: not classified

Conclusions:

The LD50 was considered to be >2000 mg/kg bw, when female Wistar rats were treated with Benzyl propionate (CAS No.122-63-4) orally.

Executive summary:

Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Benzyl propionate (CAS No. - 122-63-4) was conducted as per OECD No. 423 on 6 female Wistar rats at the concentration of 2000 mg/kg bw. The animals were fasted for minimum 16-18 hours prior to dosing and for 3-4 hours post dosing, with food withheld but drinking water provided ad libitum. The time intervals between dosing were determined by the onset, duration and severity of toxic signs. Three rats of first group were dosed with starting dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight and the animals did not show any mortality so another three animals of the same group were dosed with 2000 mg/kg body weight and no mortality was observed. Hence, further dosing was stopped. Body weights were re­corded on day 0 (prior to dosing) 7 and 14.Body weight gain was observed in all the animals treated with 2000 mg/kg body weight, during the 14 day observation period, as compared to day 0. At 2000 mg/kg, animal nos. 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 were observed normal throughout the experimental period, whereas animal no. 4 was observed normal at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours, with mild ataxia from day 1 to 4, with mild tremors on day 1, with mild chromodacryorrhea from day 2 to 6 and with moderate to mild lethargy from day 3 to 9 post dosing followed by normal observation till day 14. No external and internal gross pathological changes were seen in all the six animals treated with 2000 mg/kg body weight during terminal sacrifice. No mortality was observed in the animals treated with 2000 mg/kg dose throught out the 14 days observation period post dosing. Hence the LD50 was considered to be >2000mg/kg bw, when female Wistar rats were treated with Benzyl propionate (CAS No.122-63-4) orally.

 

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

2 000 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

Data is Klimisch 1 and from experimental study report.

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: inhalation

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

Data is predicted using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.2 and the supporting QMRF report has been attached

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: estimated

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 3.2.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test type:

other: not specified

Limit test:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report):Benzyl propionate
- Molecular formula :C10H12O2
- Molecular weight :164.20 g/mol
- Substance type:Organic
- Physical state:Colourless Liquid

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Sprague-Dawley;Spartan;Crj: CD(SD)

Sex:

not specified

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

not specified

Route of administration:

inhalation

Type of inhalation exposure:

nose only

Vehicle:

not specified

Remark on MMAD/GSD:

not specified

Details on inhalation exposure:

not specified

Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:

not specified

Duration of exposure:

4 h

Remarks on duration:

not specified

Concentrations:

105.18 mg/L

No. of animals per sex per dose:

not specified

Control animals:

not specified

Details on study design:

not specified

Statistics:

not specified

Preliminary study:

not specified

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect level:

105.18 mg/L air

Based on:

test mat.

Exp. duration:

4 h

Remarks on result:

other: 50% mortality was observed

Mortality:

not specified

Clinical signs:

other: not specified

Body weight:

not specified

Gross pathology:

not specified

Other findings:

not specified

The prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following descriptors: LC50
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 5 nearest neighbours


(((("a" and ( not "b") )  or ("c" and ( not "d") )  or ("e" and ( not "f") )  )  and "g" )  and ("h" and "i" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Michael addition AND Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals AND Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Arenes by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Direct Addition of an Acyl Halide OR Acylation >> Direct Addition of an Acyl Halide >> Acyl halide OR Acylation >> Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates OR Acylation >> Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates >> Isocyanates OR Acylation >> Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates >> Isothiocyanates OR Acylation >> P450 Mediated Activation to Acyl Halides OR Acylation >> P450 Mediated Activation to Acyl Halides >> 1,1-Dihaloalkanes OR Acylation >> P450 Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates OR Acylation >> P450 Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates >> Benzylamines-Acylation OR Acylation >> P450 Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates >> Formamides OR Acylation >> P450 Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates >> Sulfonylureas OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation of Heterocyclic Ring Systems OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation of Heterocyclic Ring Systems >> Furans OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation of Heterocyclic Ring Systems >> Thiophenes-Michael addition OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> 5-alkoxyindoles OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Alkyl phenols OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Hydroquinones OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Methylenedioxyphenyl OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Polycyclic (PAHs) and heterocyclic (HACs) aromatic hydrocarbons-Michael addition OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes-Michael addition OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes-Michael addition >> Alpha, beta- unsaturated aldehydes OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes-Michael addition >> Alpha, beta- unsaturated amides OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes-Michael addition >> Alpha, beta- unsaturated esters OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes-Michael addition >> Alpha, beta- unsaturated ketones OR Michael addition >> Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals OR Michael addition >> Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Quinones OR No alert found OR Schiff base formers OR Schiff base formers >> Chemicals Activated by P450 to Glyoxal  OR Schiff base formers >> Chemicals Activated by P450 to Glyoxal  >> Ethanolamines (including morpholine) OR Schiff base formers >> Chemicals Activated by P450 to Mono-aldehydes OR Schiff base formers >> Chemicals Activated by P450 to Mono-aldehydes >> Benzylamines-Schiff base OR Schiff base formers >> Direct Acting Schiff Base Formers OR Schiff base formers >> Direct Acting Schiff Base Formers >> Mono aldehydes OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Carbenium Ion Formation OR SN1 >> Carbenium Ion Formation >> Aliphatic N-Nitro OR SN1 >> Carbenium Ion Formation >> Allyl benzenes OR SN1 >> Carbenium Ion Formation >> Alpha halo ethers (including alpha halo thioethers) OR SN1 >> Carbenium Ion Formation >> Diazoalkanes OR SN1 >> Carbenium Ion Formation >> Hydrazine OR SN1 >> Carbenium Ion Formation >> N-Nitroso (alkylation) OR SN1 >> Carbenium Ion Formation >> Polycyclic (PAHs) and heterocyclic (HACs) aromatic hydrocarbons-SN1 OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation >> Aliphatic tertiary amines OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic azo OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic nitro OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic phenylureas OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Primary (unsaturated) heterocyclic amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Primary aromatic amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Secondary (unsaturated) heterocyclic amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Secondary aromatic amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Tertiary (unsaturated) heterocyclic amine  OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Tertiary aromatic amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Unsaturated heterocyclic azo OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Unsaturated heterocyclic ester hydroxylamine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Unsaturated heterocyclic N-hydroxylamines OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Unsaturated heterocyclic nitro OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Direct Acting Epoxides and related OR SN2 >> Direct Acting Epoxides and related >> Aziridines OR SN2 >> Direct Acting Epoxides and related >> Epoxides OR SN2 >> Episulfonium Ion Formation OR SN2 >> Episulfonium Ion Formation >> 1,2-Dihaloalkanes OR SN2 >> Episulfonium Ion Formation >> Mustards OR SN2 >> Epoxidation of Aliphatic Alkenes OR SN2 >> Epoxidation of Aliphatic Alkenes >> Phenoxy polarised alkenes OR SN2 >> Nitrosation-SN2 OR SN2 >> Nitrosation-SN2 >> Nitroso-SN2 OR SN2 >> P450 Mediated Epoxidation OR SN2 >> P450 Mediated Epoxidation >> Thiophenes-SN2 OR SN2 >> Ring opening SN2 Reaction OR SN2 >> Ring opening SN2 Reaction >> Lactones OR SN2 >> SN2 at an sp3 Carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at an sp3 Carbon atom >> Aliphatic halides OR SN2 >> SN2 at an sp3 Carbon atom >> Alkyl carbamates OR SN2 >> SN2 at an sp3 Carbon atom >> Phosphonic esters OR SN2 >> SN2 at an sp3 Carbon atom >> Sulfonates by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non binder, without OH or NH2 group by Estrogen Receptor Binding

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Moderate binder, NH2 group OR Moderate binder, OH grooup OR Non binder, impaired OH or NH2 group OR Non binder, MW>500 OR Non binder, non cyclic structure OR Strong binder, NH2 group OR Strong binder, OH group OR Weak binder, NH2 group OR Weak binder, OH group OR Very strong binder, OH group by Estrogen Receptor Binding

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as SN2 AND SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom AND SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> Allyl acetates and related chemicals by Protein binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group OR Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group >> Acetates OR Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group >> Acyl halides (including benzyl and carbamoyl deriv.) OR Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group >> Anhydrides OR Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group >> Azlactone OR Acylation >> Isocyanates and Related Chemicals OR Acylation >> Isocyanates and Related Chemicals >> Isocyanates OR Acylation >> Isocyanates and Related Chemicals >> Isothiocyanates OR Acylation >> Isocyanates and Related Chemicals >> Thiocyanates-Acylation OR Acylation >> Ring Opening Acylation OR Acylation >> Ring Opening Acylation >> alpha-Lactams OR Acylation >> Ring Opening Acylation >> beta-Lactones-Acylation OR Michael addition OR Michael addition >> Acid imides OR Michael addition >> Acid imides >> Acid imides-MA OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes >> Polarised alkene - aldehydes OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes >> Polarised alkene - amides OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes >> Polarised alkene - cyano OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes >> Polarised alkene - esters OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes >> Polarised alkene - ketones OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes >> Polarised alkene - nitro OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkynes OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkynes >> Polarised alkyne - ester OR Michael addition >> Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals OR Michael addition >> Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Benzoquinones OR Michael addition >> Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Pyranones (and related nitrogen chemicals) OR Michael addition >> Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Quinone-diimine OR Michael addition >> Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Quinone-imine OR Michael addition >> Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Quinone-methides OR No alert found OR Schiff Base Formers OR Schiff Base Formers >> Direct Acting Schiff Base Formers OR Schiff Base Formers >> Direct Acting Schiff Base Formers >> 1-2-Dicarbonyls OR Schiff Base Formers >> Direct Acting Schiff Base Formers >> 1-3-Dicarbonyls OR Schiff Base Formers >> Direct Acting Schiff Base Formers >> Di-substituted alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes OR Schiff Base Formers >> Direct Acting Schiff Base Formers >> Mono-carbonyls OR SN2 >> Episulfonium Ion Formation OR SN2 >> Episulfonium Ion Formation >> 1,2-Dihaloalkane OR SN2 >> Episulfonium Ion Formation >> Mustards OR SN2 >> Epoxides and Related Chemicals OR SN2 >> Epoxides and Related Chemicals >> Epoxides OR SN2 >> Ring Opening SN2 Reaction OR SN2 >> Ring Opening SN2 Reaction >> beta-Lactones-SN2 OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a nitrogen atom OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a nitrogen atom >> N-Acetoxy-N-acetyl-phenyl OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a nitrogen atom >> Nitrosoureas (nitrogen) OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a sp2 carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a sp2 carbon atom >> Polarised alkenes with a halogen leaving group OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a sp2 carbon atom >> Polarised alkenes with a phosphate leaving group OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a sp2 carbon atom >> Polarised alkenes with a tiophosphate leaving group OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a sulphur atom OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a sulphur atom >> Disulfides OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a sulphur atom >> Thiocyanates-SN2 OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a sulphur atom >> Thiols OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> Alkyl diazo OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> Alkyl halides OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> alpha-Halo ethers OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> alpha-Haloalkenes (and related cyano, sulfate and sulfonate subs. chem.) OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> alpha-Haloalkynes (and related cyano, sulfate, sulphpnate subs. chem.) OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> alpha-Halobenzyls (and related cyano, sulfate and sulphonate subs. chem.) OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> alpha-Halocarbonyls OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> beta-Halo ethers OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> Nitrosoureas (carbon) OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> Phosphates OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> Phosphonates OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> Sulfonates OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> Thiophosphates OR SNAr OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution >> Activated halo-benzenes OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution >> Activated halo-pyridines OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution >> Halo-pyrimidines OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution >> Halo-triazines by Protein binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Bioavailable by Lipinski Rule Oasis

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= 3.04

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 4.79

Interpretation of results:

other: Not classified

Conclusions:

LC50 was estimated to be 105.18 mg/L air, when Sprague-Dawley;Spartan;Crj: CD(SD) rats were exposed with Benzyl propionate (122-63-4) via inhalation route by nose only exposure for 4 h.

Executive summary:

In a prediction done by SSS (2014) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the acute inhalation toxicity was estimated for Benzyl propionate (122-63-4). The LC50 was estimated to be 105.18 mg/L air, when Sprague-Dawley;Spartan;Crj: CD(SD) rats were exposed with Benzyl propionate (122-63-4) via inhalation route by nose only exposure for 4 h.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Value:

105 180 mg/m³ air

Quality of whole database:

Data is Klimisch 2 and from QSAR toolbox 3.2.

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study

Justification for type of information:

data is from experimental reports

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The dermal toxicity study of Benzyl propionate was performed in rats by dermal route.

GLP compliance:

yes

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report):Benzyl propionate
- Molecular formula :C10H12O2
- Molecular weight :164.20 g/mol
- Substance type:Organic
- Physical state:Colourless Liquid
- Analytical purity:99.39%
- Lot/batch No.:Lot 1/04
- Storage condition of test material:Tightly closed, in well-ventilated place. Kept away from source of ignition – no smoking.
- Other:
Handling and Disposal
Safety precautions : Precautionary measures against static discharges were taken. Kept away from source of ignition. When using did not eat or drink. Aprons, caps, mask, gloves and goggles were used to ensure the health and safety of the Personnel.

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source:In-House Bred at Sa-Ford, Animal Facility.
- Age at study initiation:N/A
- Health Status:Healthy young adult animals were used for the study. Females were nulliparous and non pregnant.
- Weight (Prior to Treatment):Male:Minimum: 247 g and Maximum: 251 g ,Female:Minimum: 247 g and Maximum: 260 g
- Fasting period before study:N/A
- Housing:The animals were housed individually in polycarbonate cages.
- Bedding : All cages were provided with corn cobs.
- Room Sanitation : The experimental room floor and work tops were swept and mopped with disinfectant solution every day.
- Cages and water bottle : All the cages and water bottles were changed at least twice every week.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum):All animals were provided conventional laboratory rodent diet (Nutrivet Life Sciences, Pune) ad libitum.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum):Aqua guard filtered tap water was provided ad libitum via drinking bottles.
- Acclimation period:All animals were acclimatized to the test conditions for 5 days prior to administration of the test item.
- Randomization : Animals were selected manually. No computer generated randomization program was used.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C):Minimum: 20.40 °C and Maximum: 23.10 °C
- Humidity (%):Minimum: 38.40% and Maximum: 58.70%
- Air changes (per hr):More than 12 changes per hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light):12:12
- IN-LIFE DATES: From: January 30, 2014 to: March, 2014

Type of coverage:

semiocclusive

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on dermal exposure:

TEST SITE
- Area of exposure:The test item was applied uniformly over clipped dorsal area of rat skin.
- % coverage:Approximately 10% body surface area of rat.
- Type of wrap if used:The porous gauze dressing and non-irritating tape.

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done):The residual test item was removed by using distilled water.
- Time after start of exposure:24-hour.

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit):A limit dose of 2000 mg/ kg body weight of test item was applied.
- Constant volume or concentration used: yes
- For solids, paste formed: no

VEHICLE
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit):N/A
- Concentration (if solution):N/A
- Lot/batch no. (if required):N/A
- Purity:N/A

Duration of exposure:

24 hrs

Doses:

2000 mg/kg body weight.

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10 (Five per sex)

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing:Daily
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
At the end of 14 day observation period, all the surviving rats were euthanised by overdose of CO2 and subjected to gross pathology examination, for external and internal observations.
- Other examinations performed:
- Clinical signs : After test item administration, individual animals were frequently observed at 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours post dosing on day 0 (day of dosing). Subsequently, all animals were observed once a day during the 14 day observation period.

- Body weight: All rats were weighed on days 0 (prior to dosing), 7 and 14.

other:
- Local Signs/Skin Reactions
All animals were observed once daily during days 1-14 (in common with clinical signs).

- Mortality
Animals were observed twice daily for any mortality during the experimental period.

Statistics:

No statistical analysis was performed since the study was terminated with limit test.

Preliminary study:

No data available

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Remarks on result:

other: No mortality was observed

Mortality:

No mortality was observed at limit dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight of test item during the 14 day observation period.

Clinical signs:

other: No systemic or local signs of toxicity were observed at limit dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight of test item during the experimental period.

Gross pathology:

The external and internal gross pathological observation of all terminally sacrificed animals did not show any pathological abnormality.

Other findings:

No data available

Table 1: Individual Animal Body Weight (g) andBody Weight Changes(%)

 

Dose:2000 mg/ kg bodyweight                                                                              Density:1.0016

Animal No.	Sex	Dose (ml) Applied*	Body Weight (gram)			Body Weight Change (%)
			Day 0	Day 7	Day 14	Day 0-7	Day 0-14
1	Male	0.50	250	238	260	-4.80	4.00
2		0.49	247	227	245	-8.10	-0.81
3		0.50	250	243	272	-2.80	8.80
4		0.50	249	244	256	-2.01	2.81
5		0.50	251	256	271	1.99	7.97
6	Female	0.51	253	259	258	2.37	1.98
7		0.50	249	251	255	0.80	2.41
8		0.50	250	248	260	-0.80	4.00
9		0.52	260	267	270	2.69	3.85
10		0.49	247	254	255	2.83	3.24

Key:* = Based on density of test item and day 0 body weight taken prior to dose application.

Table 2: Individual Animal Clinical Signs and Symptoms

 

Dose:2000 mg/kg body weight

Animal No.	Sex	Hour(s) - Day 0				Day
		1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
1	Male	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
2		1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
3		1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
4		1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
5		1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
6	Female	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
7		1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
8		1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
9		1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
10		1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1

Key: 1 = Normal

Table 3: Individual Animal Mortality Record

 

Dose:2000 mg/kg body weight

Animal No.	Sex	Days of Observation (0 to 14)
		Morning Observations	Evening Observations
1	Male	No mortality and morbidity	No mortality and morbidity
2		No mortality and morbidity	No mortality and morbidity
3		No mortality and morbidity	No mortality and morbidity
4		No mortality and morbidity	No mortality and morbidity
5		No mortality and morbidity	No mortality and morbidity
6	Female	No mortality and morbidity	No mortality and morbidity
7		No mortality and morbidity	No mortality and morbidity
8		No mortality and morbidity	No mortality and morbidity
9		No mortality and morbidity	No mortality and morbidity
10		No mortality and morbidity	No mortality and morbidity

Interpretation of results:

other: not classified

Conclusions:

The LD50 was considered to be >2000mg/kg bw, when rats were treated with Benzyl propionate (CAS No. - 122-63-4) by dermal application.

Executive summary:

Acute Dermal Toxicity Study was conducted using Benzyl propionate (CAS No. - 122-63-4) as per OECD No.402 in 10 male and female healthy young adult Wistar rats which were randomly selected and used for conducting acute dermal toxicity study at the concentration of 2000 mg/kg bw. Rats free from injury and irritation of skin were selected for the study. 24 hours prior to dermal application of test item, approximately 10% of body surface area of each rat was clipped. A limit dose of 2000 mg/ kg body weight of test item was applied by single dermal application and observed for 14 days after treatment. On test day 0,as such amount of test item, calculated based on density (1.0016) and body weight was applied directly on the intact skin of clipped area of rats; the surgical gauze patch was put on to the intact skin of clipped area. This porous gauze dressing was covered with a non-irritating adhesive tape. The porous gauze dressing was wrapped around the abdomen and anchored with non-irritating adhesive tape. After the 24-hour application period, the dressings were removed and the skin was gently wiped with distilled water. The skin reactions were assessed. The animals were observed daily for mortality and clinical signs, during the acclimatization period. All animals were observed for clinical signs at approximately 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after treatment on day 0 and once daily during test days 1‑14. Mortality was recorded after application on test day 0 and twice daily during days 1-14 (at least once on the day of sacrifice). Local signs / Skin reactions were observed daily from test days 1-14 (in common with clinical signs). Body weights were re­corded on day 0 (prior to application) and on day 7 and 14. All animals were necropsied and examined macroscopically. No mortality was observed in any animal till the end of the experimental period. No clinical signs and any skin reaction were observed throughout the experimental period in all treated animals. The male and female animals were observed with body weight gain throughout the experiment, except on day 7 male animals were observed with decline in mean body weight gain as compared to day 0. The external and internal gross pathological observation of all terminally sacrificed animals did not show any pathological abnormality. Hence the LD50 was considered to be >2000mg/kg bw. When rats were treated with  Benzyl propionate (CAS No. - 122-63-4) by dermal application.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

2 000 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

Data is Klimisch 1 and from experimental study report.

Additional information

Acute oral toxicity:

In an experimental study conducted by Sustainability Support Services (Europe) AB (Report No. 14_49_012, 2014) was designed for Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Benzyl propionate (CAS No. 122-63-4) was conducted as per OECD No. 423 on 6 female Wistar rats at the concentration of 2000 mg/kg bw. The animals were fasted for minimum 16-18 hours prior to dosing and for 3-4 hours post dosing, with food withheld but drinking water provided ad libitum. The time intervals between dosing were determined by the onset, duration and severity of toxic signs. Three rats of first group were dosed with starting dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight and the animals did not show any mortality so another three animals of the same group were dosed with 2000 mg/kg body weight and no mortality was observed. Hence, further dosing was stopped. Body weights were re­corded on day 0 (prior to dosing) 7 and 14.Body weight gain was observed in all the animals treated with 2000 mg/kg body weight, during the 14 day observation period, as compared to day 0. At 2000 mg/kg, animal nos. 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 were observed normal throughout the experimental period, whereas animal no. 4 was observed normal at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours, with mild ataxia from day 1 to 4, with mild tremors on day 1, with mild chromodacryorrhea from day 2 to 6 and with moderate to mild lethargy from day 3 to 9 post dosing followed by normal observation till day 14. No external and internal gross pathological changes were seen in all the six animals treated with 2000 mg/kg body weight during terminal sacrifice. No mortality was observed in the animals treated with 2000 mg/kg dose throught out the 14 days observation period post dosing. Hence the LD50 was considered to be >2000mg/kg bw, when female Wistar rats were treated with Benzyl propionate (CAS No.122-63-4) orally.

In another experimental study conducted by McGinty et al.(Food and Chemical Toxicology 50, S486–S490, 2012) for Benzyl propionate (CAS No.122-63-4), the acute oral median lethal dose (LD50) was considered to be 3300 mg/kg bw, when rats were tretaed with Benzyl propionate via oral route.

Thus, based on the above studies on Benzyl propionate (CAS no: 122-63-4), it can be concluded that LD50 value is >2000 mg/kg bw. Thus, comparing these values with the criteria of CLP regulation, Benzyl propionate cannot be classified for acute oral toxicity.

Acute Inhalation Toxicity:

In a prediction done by SSS (2014) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the acute inhalation toxicity was estimated for Benzyl propionate (122-63-4). The LC50 was estimated to be 105.18 mg/L air, when Sprague-Dawley;Spartan;Crj: CD(SD) rats were exposed with Benzyl propionate (122-63-4) via inhalation route by nose only exposure for 4 h.

Thus, based on the above study onBenzyl propionate (CAS no: 122-63-4), it can be concluded that LC50 value is >5 mg/L air. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation, Benzyl propionate cannot be classified for acute Inhalation toxicity.

Acute Dermal toxicity:

In an experimental study conducted by Sustainability Support Services (Europe) AB (Report No. 14_49_013, 2014) was designed for Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Benzyl propionate (CAS No. 122-63-4) was conducted as per OECD No.402 in 10 male and female healthy young adult Wistar rats which were randomly selected and used for conducting acute dermal toxicity study at the concentration of 2000 mg/kg bw. Rats free from injury and irritation of skin were selected for the study. 24 hours prior to dermal application of test item, approximately 10% of body surface area of each rat was clipped. A limit dose of 2000 mg/ kg body weight of test item was applied by single dermal application and observed for 14 days after treatment. On test day 0,as such amount of test item, calculated based on density (1.0016) and body weight was applied directly on the intact skin of clipped area of rats; the surgical gauze patch was put on to the intact skin of clipped area. This porous gauze dressing was covered with a non-irritating adhesive tape. The porous gauze dressing was wrapped around the abdomen and anchored with non-irritating adhesive tape. After the 24-hour application period, the dressings were removed and the skin was gently wiped with distilled water. The skin reactions were assessed. The animals were observed daily for mortality and clinical signs, during the acclimatization period. All animals were observed for clinical signs at approximately 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after treatment on day 0 and once daily during test days 1‑14. Mortality was recorded after application on test day 0 and twice daily during days 1-14 (at least once on the day of sacrifice). Local signs / Skin reactions were observed daily from test days 1-14 (in common with clinicalsigns). Body weights were re­corded on day 0 (prior to application) and on day 7 and 14. All animals were necropsied and examined macroscopically. No mortality was observed in any animal till the end of the experimental period. No clinical signs and any skin reaction were observed throughout the experimental period in all treated animals. The male and female animals were observed with body weight gain throughout the experiment, except on day 7 male animals were observed with decline in mean body weight gain as compared to day 0. The external and internal gross pathological observation of all terminally sacrificed animals did not show any pathological abnormality. Hence the LD50 was considered to be >2000mg/kg bw, when rats were treated with Benzyl propionate (CAS No. 122-63-4) by dermal application.

In another experimental study conducted by McGinty et al.(Food and Chemical Toxicology 50, S486–S490, 2012) for Benzyl propionate (CAS No.122-63-4), the acute dermal toxicity study was conducted in 5 rabbits at the concentration of 5000 mg/kg bw. No mortality was observed at 5000 mg/kg bw. Hence, LD50 was considered to be >5000 mg/kg bw, when rabbits were treated with Benzyl propionate by dermal application to the skin.

Thus, based on the above studies on Benzyl propionate (CAS No.122-63-4), it can be concluded that LD50 value is >2000 mg/kg bw. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation, Benzyl propionate cannot be classified for acute dermal toxicity.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the above studies and prediction on Benzyl propionate (CAS No.122-63-4), it can be concluded that LD50 value is >2000 mg/kg bw for acute oral and dermal toxiciy; and LC50 value is >5 mg/L air for acute inhalation toxicity. Thus, comparing these values with the criteria of CLP regulation, Benzyl propionate cannot be classified for acute oral, dermal and inhalation toxicity.