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EC number: 204-617-8 | CAS number: 123-31-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Study is comparable to guideline study with the following acceptable restrictions: other positive control substance used for TA98; only 4 bacteria strains tested, no strain used sensitive to oxidative damage; sufficient documentation of testing procedure and test results; study acceptable as key study for mutagenicity testing in strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Salmonella mutagenicity test results for 250 chemicals.
- Author:
- Haworth S, Lawlor T, Mortelmans K, Speck W, Zeiger E
- Year:
- 1 983
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ Mutagen 5 (Suppl 1), 1 - 142
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 989
- Report date:
- 1989
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- (other positive control for TA98; only 4 bacteria strains tested, no strain used sensitive to oxidative damage)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Hydroquinone
- EC Number:
- 204-617-8
- EC Name:
- Hydroquinone
- Cas Number:
- 123-31-9
- Molecular formula:
- C6H6O2
- IUPAC Name:
- hydroquinone
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): hydroquinone
- Analytical purity: not specified (label purity: " purified ")
- Stability under test conditions: test solutions were prepared immediately before use
Constituent 1
Method
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Aroclor 1254-induced S9 from male Syrian hamster liver or male Sprague-Dawley rat liver
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0, 10, 33, 100, 333, 666 µg/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: solubility
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: without S9: 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine with TA98, sodium azide with TA100 and TA1535, 9-aminoacridine with TA1537; with S9: 2-aminoanthracene with all strains
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation); preincubation
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 20 min
- Exposure duration: 48 h
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): histidine
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3 plates/assay, and 2 assays
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: viability or reduced number of revertant colonies per plate - Evaluation criteria:
- Positive response indicated by reproducible, dose-related increase, whether it would be two-fold over background or not
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Remarks:
- revertant rates similar to controls at all tested concentrations
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- in all strains without metabolic activation from 333 µg/plate up
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
There was no indication of a mutagenic activity in S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537. - Executive summary:
Hydroquinone (10 - 666 µg/plate) was tested in a Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay with strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 applying a preincubation test protocol comparable to OECD Guideline 471. There was no indication of mutagenic activity up to cytotoxic concentrations (333 and 666 µg/plate) both in the absence and presence of metabolic activation (S9 mix from Aroclor 1254 -induced hamster or rat liver).
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