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EC number: 231-778-1 | CAS number: 7726-95-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Toxicitat von chlor und brom bei eimaliger and wiederholter inhalation.
- Author:
- M. Schlagbauer and D. Henschler
- Year:
- 1 967
- Bibliographic source:
- Int. Arch. Gewerbepathol. Gewerbehyg. 23:91-98.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Experiment 1:
Groups of 10 female NMRI mice were exposed to concentrations of 110.5 to 315 ppm for 30 min. Mortality was observed up to 10 days post exposureBody weights were determined and lungs of a suitable number of animals were examined for lung edema and histopathological changes after several time intervals.
2. Experiment
Groups of 10 female NMRI mice were exposed for either 3 or 6 h to concentrations of 10, 22, and 40 ppm. The post exposure observation period was up to 10 days.
3. Experiment:
Female NMRI mice (number not stated) were exposed to sublethal bromine concentrations for 8 hours. No mortality was observed, but body weight reduction was followed as an indication of toxicity. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- other: acute toxicity after different inhalation times
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Bromine
- EC Number:
- 231-778-1
- EC Name:
- Bromine
- Cas Number:
- 7726-95-6
- Molecular formula:
- Br2
- IUPAC Name:
- dibromine
- Details on test material:
- not reported
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- NMRI
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Zenbtralinstitut Versuchstierzucht Hannover
- Weight at study initiation: 18 to 23 gm
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: climatised room, 23 deg. C, 50 to 55% relative humidity
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C):
- Humidity (%):
- Air changes (per hr):
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light):
IN-LIFE DATES: From: To:
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- Bromine vapours were generated from liquid bromine. An air stream was passed over 50 ml of bromine in a 2 l flask at 14 deg. C. The air was further diluted in a mixing chamber. For lower concentrations the temperature was lowered to 10 deg. C and further dilution steps with fresh air were introduced in a cascade principle.
The concentration of bromine in air was determined at higher concentrations by ladign the air-bromine mixture through a 1% potassium iodide solution in 0.1 molar phosphate buffer pH 7.0. The volume was determined in an impinger. The solution was then tritrated with 1 n sodium thiosulfate solution after acidification with 1 ml 1n-H2SO4 under addtion of a 1% starch solution. - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Duration of exposure:
- 30 min
- Concentrations:
- 111, 40, 199, 236, 252, 268, 290, 315 ppm
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 female mice per dose
- Statistics:
- Lichtfield and Wilcoxon 1949
Results and discussion
Effect levelsopen allclose all
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 174 ppm
- 95% CL:
- 144 - 210
- Exp. duration:
- 30 min
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- other: mortality
- Effect level:
- 40 ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 3 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: 3 of 10 animals died within 10 days
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- other: mortality
- Effect level:
- 22 ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 6 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: 7 of 10 animals died within 10 days
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- other: mortality
- Effect level:
- 40 ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 6 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: 8/10 animald died within 10 days
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- other: mortality
- Effect level:
- 22 ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 3 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: no deaths
- Mortality:
- No deaths were seen after 30 minute exposure to 111 ppm for 30 min. 90 to 100% mortality was seen at exposure levels of 236 and higher. The authors calculated a 30 minute LC50 of 174 ppm. Mortality of part of the animals occurred at day 4, day 8 and day 10 post exposure.
In the second experiment exposure of 10 animals for 3 hours with 22 ppm of bromine did not result in mortality, while 40 ppm resulted in a mortality of 3/10 animals. When the animals were exposed to concentrations of 22 and 40 ppm for 6 hours the mortality after 10 days was 7/10 and 8/10 respectively.
In the third experiment animals were exposed for 3 times 8 h to 10 or 5 ppm of bromine. No mortality was observed. - Clinical signs:
- other: Local irritation of eyes and respiratory tract (not further specified). Premortal: dyspnea and bronchospasm
- Body weight:
- Body weight effects were reported for the 3rd experiment. Inhalation of bromine for 3 times 8 hours at concentrations of 5 and 10 ppm resulted in reductions in body weight of 17.7 and 23% respectively.
- Gross pathology:
- Histopathological changes were necrosis in the mucous membranes of the trachea, desquamation of the bronchial epithelium and bronchioles. in anaimals that died extended alveolar edema was observed. In animals that died more than 16 hours after exposure contracted bronchioles were observed, after 1,5 days or more severe peribronchitic changes and absecesses were observed while the edema was already reversed.
Lung changes were similar in animals exposed to 5 ppm bromine for 3 times 8 hours.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Mortality table based on Schlagbauer and Henschler, 1967, prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratories in documentation for AEGL value determination, January, 2009
Mortality in Mice Exposed to 111 to 315 ppm of Bromine for 30 minutes |
|
Concentration (ppm) |
Mortality |
111 |
0/10 |
40 |
3/10 |
199 |
6/10 |
236 |
9/10 |
252 |
10/10 |
268 |
9/10 |
290 |
10/10 |
315 |
10/10 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: respiratory irritant
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- Inhalation of bromine by groups of female NMRI mice led to severe irritation and corrosion of the respiratory tract. Death occurred through lung edema and bronchospasm secondary to the irritation. A 30 min LC50 of 174 ppm was derived. No mortality occurred after 3 hours of expsoure to 22 ppm of bromine, while 7/10 animals died after exposure to 22 ppm of bromine for 6 h. 40 ppm of bromine inhaled for 3 hours led to morrtality of 3/10 animals, while 9/10 animals died after exposure to the same concentration for 6 h. Sublethal concentrations of bromine of 5 and 10 ppm inhaled for 3 times 8 hours led to body weight reductions of 17.7 and 23 % respectively.
- Executive summary:
Inhalation of bromine by groups of female NMRI mice led to severe irritation and corrosion of the respiratory tract. Death occurred through lung edema and bronchospasm secondary to the irritation. A 30 min LC50 of 174 ppm was derived. No mortality occurred after 3 hours of expsoure to 22 ppm of bromine, while 7/10 animals died after exposure to 22 ppm of bromine for 6 h. 40 ppm of bromine inhaled for 3 hours led to morrtality of 3/10 animals, while 9/10 animals died after exposure to the same concentration for 6 h. Sublethal concentrations of bromine of 5 and 10 ppm inhaled for 3 times 8 hours led to body weight reductions of 17.7 and 23 % respectively.
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