Acetonitrile

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

23 October 1995 - 29 March 1996

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test and Reproduction Test) (1984)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Physical state: colourless and transparent liquid
- Analytical purity: 99.99% (GC)
- Lot/batch No.: 5L5051
- Stability under test conditions: Stable
- Storage condition of test material: In the refrigerator

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Sampling:
New: freshly prepared test solution
Old: test solutions 1, 2 or 3 days after freshly prepared

- Sampling volume: 5.0 mL
New: 0, 5, 10, 17 day
Old: 3, 7, 11, 18 day

Vehicle:

not specified

Details on test solutions:

A set of test solutions used in this study were prepared by diluting a stock solution (40000 mg/L), with the dechlorinated tap water.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Chlorella vulgaris
- Amount: 0.1 - 0.2mgC/daphnia/day


ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3 or 4 weeks
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Type and amount of food: Chlorella vulgaris

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Test temperature:

20.0 - 20.8℃

pH:

7.6 - 8.1

Dissolved oxygen:

7.0 - 10.4 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal: 0, 100, 320, 1000 mg/L
measured (time weighted average): 0, 92, 300, 960 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: deep petri dish
- Type: closed
- Material: glass
- size: 850 mL
- headspace: No
- fill volume: 850 mL
- Renewal rate of test solution: 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 day, everyday between 9 and 21 day
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: dechlorinated tap water
- Hardness of dilution water: 50 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- pH of dilution water: 7.9


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16h light/8h dark
- Light intensity: At room light


RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: acute toxicity study (48h); 1000 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: 48h-EiC50 > 1000 mg/L

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

potassium dichromate

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 960 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (TWA)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

> 960 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (TWA)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

960 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (TWA)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Details on results:

- Mortality of parent animals: 10% (control), 2.5% (92 mg/L), 5% (300 mg/L), 37.5% (960 mg/L) at the end of the test
- Total number of living offspring produced per parent animal (average): 41 (control), 43 (92 mg/L), 35 (300 mg/L), 32 (960 mg/L)
- Body length and weight of parent animals: No difference
- First delivery: 8 day (control, 92, mg/L, 300 mg/L), 8 or 9 day (960 mg/L)

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- 48h EC50: 0.14 mg/L

Reported statistics and error estimates:

LC50, EC50: Not applicable
NOEC, LOEC: Dunnett's multiple comparison test

Conclusions:

The 21-day NOEC (reproduction) for acetonitrile in Daphna magna is concluded to be 960 mg/L (measured) under semi-static exposure conditions.

Executive summary:

In a guideline (OECD 202) and GLP study, MCSI of Japan (1996) reported the 21 -day NOEC (reproduction) for acetonitrile in Daphna magna to be 960 mg/L (measured) under semi-static exposure conditions.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD Guidelines for Testing Chemicals (OECD 1987)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Source: Aquatic Organism Institute, Chinese National Academy of Science.
- Age of parental stock: less than 24 hours
- Feeding during test: Selenastrum capricornutam at the concentration of 5.0-6.0 x 10 cell/mL

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Remarks on exposure duration:

single generation

Hardness:

Dilution water - 1.86 +/- 0.08 mg (CaCO3)/L

Test temperature:

24 +/- 1 degree C

pH:

Dilution water - 6.5-7.5

Dissolved oxygen:

Dilution water - 7.5-8.0 mg/L
Test Solution - > 5 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

80, 160, 320, 640 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 150 mL beaker
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 test solution
- No. of organisms per vessel: 3
- No. of vessels per concentration: 4
- No. of vessels per control: 4
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): renewed once per day

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tap water dechlorinated by active carbon
- Intervals of water quality measurement: beginning and the end of each test by the standard methods (APHA-AWWA-WPCF 1985).

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: the deviation of pH was less 0.3
- Photoperiod: 16 hr light/8 hr dark
- Light intensity: density was 2000 Lux

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

160 mg/L

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

320 mg/L

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

other: ChV

Effect conc.:

230 mg/L

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

other: ACR

Effect conc.:

16 other: ACR

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

640 mg/L

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

> 1 300 mg/L

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

other: ChV

Effect conc.:

> 900 mg/L

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

other: ACR

Effect conc.:

< 4 other: ACR

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

- Mortality of control: 8%
- Reproductive induces: mean number per female in test group was 48.8 and in the control group 46.2

Survival rate in the control group was 92% at the end of test.

Survival and reproduction of D. magna during l4-d and 21-d chronic tests

Chemical	Concentration mg/L	Survival (%)		Reproduction *
		21 - d	14 - d	21 - d	14 - d
Acetonitrile	Control	92	92	244	148
	80	92	92	234	151
	160	100	100	218	140
	320	92	100	208	129
	640	67	83	199	119

* The number of neonates per female.

Conclusions:

The results indicted that reproduction was more sensitive than survival in both 14-d and 21-d tests for two pollutants.

Executive summary:

Tong et al (1996) reported a 21 -day, static renewal NOEC of 160 mg/L for acetonitrile in Water flea, (Daphnia magna), based on reproductive performance measures.

Description of key information

21-day NOEC (reproduction) values of 160 mg/L and >960 mg/L have been reported for acetonitrile in Daphnia magna.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

160 mg/L

Additional information

In a guideline (OECD 202) and GLP study, MCSI of Japan (1996) reported the 21 -day NOEC (reproduction) for acetonitrile in Daphna magna to be >960 mg/L (measured) under semi-static exposure conditions. Tong et al (1996) also studied the chronic toxicity of acetonitrile in Daphnia magna. These investigators reported a 21 -day, static renewal NOEC of 160 mg/L for acetonitrile in Daphnia magna, based on reproductive performance measures.