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Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

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Endpoint:
long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Study period:
23 October 1995 - 29 March 1996
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test and Reproduction Test) (1984)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Physical state: colourless and transparent liquid
- Analytical purity: 99.99% (GC)
- Lot/batch No.: 5L5051
- Stability under test conditions: Stable
- Storage condition of test material: In the refrigerator
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
- Sampling:
New: freshly prepared test solution
Old: test solutions 1, 2 or 3 days after freshly prepared

- Sampling volume: 5.0 mL
New: 0, 5, 10, 17 day
Old: 3, 7, 11, 18 day
Vehicle:
not specified
Details on test solutions:
A set of test solutions used in this study were prepared by diluting a stock solution (40000 mg/L), with the dechlorinated tap water.
Test organisms (species):
Daphnia magna
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Chlorella vulgaris
- Amount: 0.1 - 0.2mgC/daphnia/day


ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3 or 4 weeks
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Type and amount of food: Chlorella vulgaris
Test type:
semi-static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
21 d
Test temperature:
20.0 - 20.8℃
pH:
7.6 - 8.1
Dissolved oxygen:
7.0 - 10.4 mg/L
Nominal and measured concentrations:
nominal: 0, 100, 320, 1000 mg/L
measured (time weighted average): 0, 92, 300, 960 mg/L
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: deep petri dish
- Type: closed
- Material: glass
- size: 850 mL
- headspace: No
- fill volume: 850 mL
- Renewal rate of test solution: 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 day, everyday between 9 and 21 day
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: dechlorinated tap water
- Hardness of dilution water: 50 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- pH of dilution water: 7.9


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16h light/8h dark
- Light intensity: At room light


RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: acute toxicity study (48h); 1000 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: 48h-EiC50 > 1000 mg/L
Reference substance (positive control):
yes
Remarks:
potassium dichromate
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 960 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (TWA)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
> 960 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (TWA)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
960 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (TWA)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Details on results:
- Mortality of parent animals: 10% (control), 2.5% (92 mg/L), 5% (300 mg/L), 37.5% (960 mg/L) at the end of the test
- Total number of living offspring produced per parent animal (average): 41 (control), 43 (92 mg/L), 35 (300 mg/L), 32 (960 mg/L)
- Body length and weight of parent animals: No difference
- First delivery: 8 day (control, 92, mg/L, 300 mg/L), 8 or 9 day (960 mg/L)
Results with reference substance (positive control):
- 48h EC50: 0.14 mg/L
Reported statistics and error estimates:
LC50, EC50: Not applicable
NOEC, LOEC: Dunnett's multiple comparison test
Conclusions:
The 21-day NOEC (reproduction) for acetonitrile in Daphna magna is concluded to be 960 mg/L (measured) under semi-static exposure conditions.
Executive summary:

In a guideline (OECD 202) and GLP study, MCSI of Japan (1996) reported the 21 -day NOEC (reproduction) for acetonitrile in Daphna magna to be 960 mg/L (measured) under semi-static exposure conditions.

Endpoint:
long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: OECD Guidelines for Testing Chemicals (OECD 1987)
GLP compliance:
not specified
Analytical monitoring:
no
Test organisms (species):
Daphnia magna
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Source: Aquatic Organism Institute, Chinese National Academy of Science.
- Age of parental stock: less than 24 hours
- Feeding during test: Selenastrum capricornutam at the concentration of 5.0-6.0 x 10 cell/mL
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
21 d
Remarks on exposure duration:
single generation
Hardness:
Dilution water - 1.86 +/- 0.08 mg (CaCO3)/L
Test temperature:
24 +/- 1 degree C
pH:
Dilution water - 6.5-7.5
Dissolved oxygen:
Dilution water - 7.5-8.0 mg/L
Test Solution - > 5 mg/L
Nominal and measured concentrations:
80, 160, 320, 640 mg/L



Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 150 mL beaker
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 test solution
- No. of organisms per vessel: 3
- No. of vessels per concentration: 4
- No. of vessels per control: 4
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): renewed once per day

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tap water dechlorinated by active carbon
- Intervals of water quality measurement: beginning and the end of each test by the standard methods (APHA-AWWA-WPCF 1985).

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: the deviation of pH was less 0.3
- Photoperiod: 16 hr light/8 hr dark
- Light intensity: density was 2000 Lux
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
160 mg/L
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
320 mg/L
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
other: ChV
Effect conc.:
230 mg/L
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
other: ACR
Effect conc.:
16 other: ACR
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
640 mg/L
Basis for effect:
mortality
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
> 1 300 mg/L
Basis for effect:
mortality
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
other: ChV
Effect conc.:
> 900 mg/L
Basis for effect:
mortality
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
other: ACR
Effect conc.:
< 4 other: ACR
Basis for effect:
mortality
Details on results:
- Mortality of control: 8%
- Reproductive induces: mean number per female in test group was 48.8 and in the control group 46.2

Survival rate in the control group was 92% at the end of test.

Survival and reproduction of D. magna during l4-d and 21-d chronic tests

 Chemical  Concentration mg/L  Survival (%)  Reproduction *
 21 - d  14 - d  21 - d  14 - d
   Acetonitrile Control 92 92  244  148
  80 92 92 234 151
  160 100  100 218 140
  320 92 100 208 129
  640 67 83 199 119

* The number of neonates per female.

Conclusions:
The results indicted that reproduction was more sensitive than survival in both 14-d and 21-d tests for two pollutants.
Executive summary:

Tong et al (1996) reported a 21 -day, static renewal NOEC of 160 mg/L for acetonitrile in Water flea, (Daphnia magna), based on reproductive performance measures.

Description of key information

21-day NOEC (reproduction) values of 160 mg/L and >960 mg/L have been reported for acetonitrile in Daphnia magna.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates
Effect concentration:
160 mg/L

Additional information

In a guideline (OECD 202) and GLP study, MCSI of Japan (1996) reported the 21 -day NOEC (reproduction) for acetonitrile in Daphna magna to be >960 mg/L (measured) under semi-static exposure conditions. Tong et al (1996) also studied the chronic toxicity of acetonitrile in Daphnia magna. These investigators reported a 21 -day, static renewal NOEC of 160 mg/L for acetonitrile in Daphnia magna, based on reproductive performance measures.