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Environmental fate & pathways

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The constituents of green liquor partition predominantly in to aquatic compartment. Adsorption to soil and sediments is ion specific. Anions are generally more mobile in soil than cations. Adsorption mechanism is ionic binding and therefore the strength of binding is dominated by cation/anion exchange capacity (CEC/AEC) of local soil. Volatilisation of GL constituents from water to air is low since the constituents are ionic.

Gaseous hydrogen sulfide is generated from GL if the prevailing pH is neutral or acidic. Gaseous hydrogen sulfide is a naturally occurring substance which can be typically found in low oxygen or anoxic regions of soil and sediment compartments, and as an evaporated gas in the atmospheric compartment. Sulfide (S2-, HS-, H2S) is oxidized rapidly in surface water if free oxygen is available.

The transformation processes of these ions in the environment are mediated by a combination of abiotic and biological/microbiological processes.