Nickel dihydroxide

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Acceptable publication

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Plant toxicity testing to derive ecological soil screening levels for cobalt and nickel

Author:

Kaputzka et al

Year:

2006

Bibliographic source:

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol 25, No. 3, pp:865-874

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: American Society for testing and materials international E1963-98, Standard Guideline for conducting terrestrial plant toxicity tests

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Nickel dichloride

EC Number:

231-743-0

EC Name:

Nickel dichloride

Cas Number:

7718-54-9

IUPAC Name:

nickel(2+) dichloride

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Nickelchloride (NiCl2)

Test substrate

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

- Method of mixing into soil (if used): Aliqotes of tge high-concentration batch were mixed with clean soil to make the lower concentration batches. These were first mixed by hand in plastic bags and then placed into a mechanical mixer for 15 minutes. The batches were again mixed by hand and returned to the mixer for another 15 minutes.

Test organisms

1

Species:

other: Medicago sativa

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Alfalfa

2

Species:

Hordeum vulgare

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Spring Barley

3

Species:

Brassica rapa

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Brassica

Study design

Test type:

other: endpoints were emergence, mortality, shoot heighz, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weightand nodule number

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

artificial soil

Limit test:

no

Test conditions

Test temperature:

20.6-24.2 °C

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 3-6
- No. of replicates per control: 3-6


SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Geographic location: The natural soil was selected from the Camas series (Willamette Valley, OR, USA) purchased from Green and White (Corvallis, OR, USA)
- Soil texture (if natural soil)
- % sand: 88.8 %,
- % silt: 8.0%
- % clay: 3.2 %

- Composition: artifical soil
- Organic carbon (%): 5 % organic matter

GROWTH CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16:8 light-dark cycle
- Light source: 48-inch fluorecent 40 watt full spectrum bulb
- Light intensity and quality: 164 - 242 µmol/m²/s PAR


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : emergence, mortality, shoot heighz, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weightand nodule number

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: The NOAEC observed in the range-finding test was used as a predictor of the EC20 target level for the definitve test. the concentration sequence was designed to have one to three test concentrations below the EC20 and and five to six test concentrations above the EC20.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal concentrations: 0.0, 0.3, 3.0, 30, 300, 3000 mg/kg.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Boric acid

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Species:

other: Medicago sativa

Dose descriptor:

other: EC20

Effect conc.:

201.1 mg/kg soil dw

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

Nickel

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Remarks on result:

other: Artifical soil

Effect concentrations 2

Species:

other: Medicago sativa

Dose descriptor:

other: EC20

Effect conc.:

124.6 mg/kg soil dw

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

Nickel

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Remarks on result:

other: Camas soil (natural)

Effect concentrations 3

Species:

Hordeum vulgare

Dose descriptor:

other: EC20

Effect conc.:

256.2 mg/kg soil dw

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

Nickel

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Remarks on result:

other: Artifical soil

Effect concentrations 4

Species:

Hordeum vulgare

Dose descriptor:

other: EC20

Effect conc.:

179.8 mg/kg soil dw

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

Nickel

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Remarks on result:

other: Camas soil (natural)

Effect concentrations 5

Species:

Brassica rapa

Dose descriptor:

other: EC20

Effect conc.:

43.2 mg/kg soil dw

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

Nickel

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Remarks on result:

other: Artifical soil

Effect concentrations 6

Species:

Brassica rapa

Dose descriptor:

other: EC20

Effect conc.:

63 mg/kg soil dw

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

Nickel

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Remarks on result:

other: Camas soil (natural)

Effect concentrations 7

Species:

other: Medicago sativa

Dose descriptor:

other: EC20

Effect conc.:

317.66 mg/kg soil dw

Conc. based on:

other: Nickeldihydroxid

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Remarks on result:

other: Artifical soil. Result calculated for Nickeldihydroxid

Effect concentrations 8

Species:

other: Medicago sativa

Dose descriptor:

other: EC20

Effect conc.:

196.8 mg/kg soil dw

Conc. based on:

other: Nickeldihydroxid

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Remarks on result:

other: Camas soil (natural). Result calculated for Nickeldihydroxid

Effect concentrations 9

Species:

Hordeum vulgare

Dose descriptor:

other: EC20

Effect conc.:

404.7 mg/kg soil dw

Conc. based on:

other: Nickeldihydroxid

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Remarks on result:

other: Artifical soil. Result calculated for Nickeldihydroxid

Effect concentrations 10

Species:

Hordeum vulgare

Dose descriptor:

other: EC20

Effect conc.:

284 mg/kg soil dw

Conc. based on:

other: Nickeldihydroxid

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Remarks on result:

other: Camas soil (natural). Result calculated for Nickeldihydroxid

Effect concentrations 11

Species:

Brassica rapa

Dose descriptor:

other: EC20

Effect conc.:

68.24 mg/kg soil dw

Conc. based on:

other: Nickeldihydroxid

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Remarks on result:

other: Artifical soil. Result calculated for Nickeldihydroxid

Effect concentrations 12

Species:

Brassica rapa

Dose descriptor:

other: EC20

Effect conc.:

99.5 mg/kg soil dw

Conc. based on:

other: Nickeldihydroxid

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Remarks on result:

other: Camas soil (natural). Result calculated for Nickeldihydroxid

Any other information on results incl. tables

Endpoint	Arifical soil	Camas Soil
Alfalfa	EC20 (mg/Kg)	EC20 (mg/kg)
Emergence	201.1	124.6
Mortality	319.7	176.5
Shoot height	20	26.4
Root length	15.7	33.1
Shoot dry weight	40	24.9
Shoot dry weight/plant	36.4	25.3
Root dry weight	22.4	26.5
Root dry weight/plant	12.9	27.4
Total dry weight	34.5	25.0
Total dry weight/plant	27.4	25.3
Barley
Emergence	256.2	179.8
Mortality	593.6	760.8
Shoot height	19.8	69.0
Root length	24.4	67.6
Shoot dry weight	17.5	67.3
Shoot dry weight/plant	18.8	65.0
Root dry weight	8.5	73.8
Root dry weight/plant	7.0	76.3
Total dry weight	13.5	69.7
Total dry weight/plant	14.2	69.2
Brassica
Emergence	43.2	63.0
Mortality	> 5000	4001.9
Shoot height	24.3	42.2
Root length	8.4	30.0
Shoot dry weight	18.5	30.9
Shoot dry weight/plant	18.6	36.6
Root dry weight	26.0	35.2
Root dry weight/plant	28.7	44.7
Total dry weight	21.2	33.7
Total dry weight/plant	22.5	39.4