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EC number: 920-008-6 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
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- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
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- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
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- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
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- Additional ecotoxological information
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- Additional toxicological data

Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Not available
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study.
- Justification for type of information:
- Hydrocarbons, C12-C16, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2-25%) straddles Hydrocarbons, C9-C14, Aliphatics, (2-25% Aromatics) and Hydrocarbons, C14-C20, Aliphatics (2-30% Aromatics). Read across justification documents have been provided for the same in Section 13 of the dossier. For this substance, a worst case scenario approach has been used for each endpoint.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- test was run for 31 days
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): Somerset-Raritan Valley Sewage Authority, Bridgewater, New Jersey
- Storage length: sludge was obtained one day before the test
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: sludge was homogenized by mixing in a blender at medium speed for 2 min. It was then allowed to settle for 30 min. The supernatent was decanted, and the filtered supernatent used to determine microbial activity
- Pretreatment: 24 L of distilled water was placed in a 50 L carboy. The following solutions were added: 24 mL of magnesium sulfate, 24 mL of calcium chloride, 240 mL phosphate buffer, 24 mL ferric chloride, and 240 mL of sludge supernatent. The carboy was then aerated for 24 h with CO free air.
- Initial cell/biomass concentration: 10^6 colony forming units/mL
- Water filtered: yes
- Type and size of filter used, if any: glass - Duration of test (contact time):
- 31 d
- Initial conc.:
- 32.5 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- 38.5 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- 36.1 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: 24 mL of magnesium sulfate, 24 mL of calcium chloride, 240 mL phosphate buffer, 24 mL ferric chloride, and 240 mL of sludge supernatent in distilled water
- Test temperature: 22±1 °C
- Aeration of dilution water: aerated for 24 h prior to test
TEST SYSTEM
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 3
- Measuring equipment: electrolytic respirometer from Co-ordinated Environmental Service, Kent, England
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: yes
- Details of trap for CO2 and volatile organics if used: manometric cell/CO2 trap
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: hourly
- Sampling method: aerobic respirometer
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes
STATISTICAL METHODS: Results were analysed using Lotus v2.2 - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Remarks:
- 5.0 mL of a 6,115 mg C/L solution
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 13.8
- Sampling time:
- 4 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 60
- Sampling time:
- 11 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 74.7
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 75.9
- Sampling time:
- 31 d
- Results with reference substance:
- The reference substance was degraded > 60%, therefore the test is valid.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test substance biodegraded to an extent of 74.7% after 28 days with an unacclimated sewage sludge inoculum. The test substance was determined to be readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
The purpose of this study was to determine the ready biodegradability of Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, 2-25% aromatics. 35 mg/L of test substance was added to test vessels inoculated with activated sludge. The oxygen consumption of the sludge was then monitored for 31 days. Sodium benzoate was used as a reference substance. The reference substance was 88.7% degraded in 28 days, therefore the test is valid. The test substance was 74.7% degraded by day 28 and met the 10 -day window requirement for >60% degradation. The test substance is readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 22-Aug-1994 to 23-Sep-1994
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study was given a reliability of 1, because it followed an OECD standard guideline, which describes a procedure specifically designed to evaluate this endpoint, and the results were reviewed for reliability and assessed as valid.
- Justification for type of information:
- Hydrocarbons, C12-C16, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2-25%) straddles Hydrocarbons, C9-C14, Aliphatics, (2-25% Aromatics) and Hydrocarbons, C14-C20, Aliphatics (2-30% Aromatics). Read across justification documents have been provided for the same in Section 13 of the dossier. For this substance, a worst case scenario approach has been used for each endpoint.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- Inoculum used as the source of the microorganisms was an aliquot of fresh activated sludge from a domestic wastewater treatment facility in New Jersey, USA.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 35 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- Activated sludge and test medium were combined prior to test substance addition. Test medium consisted of glass-distilled water and mineral salts (Phosphate buffer, Ferric chloride, Magnesium sulfate, Calcium chloride). Test vessels were 1L glass flasks located in a waterbath and electronically monitored for oxygen consumption. Test temperature was 21 +/- 1 Deg C. All test vessels were stirred constantly for 28 days using magnetic stir bars and plates.
Test material was tested in triplicate, controls and blanks were tested in duplicate. The amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms from the oxidation of the test material was continuously monitored by an automated respirometer during the 28-day test period. Test material concentration was 35mg/L. Sodium benzoate (positive control) concentration was 50mg/L. All test vessels were stirred constantly for 28 days using magnetic stir bars and plates. - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 15.4
- Sampling time:
- 4 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 50.4
- Sampling time:
- 11 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 60.7
- St. dev.:
- 2.77
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- Test material was readily biodegradable, but failed the 10-day window. The biodegradation half-life was <2 weeks. On day 28, 60.7% degradation of the test substance was observed. 10% biodegradation was achieved on approximately day 4, 50% on approximately day 11, and 60% on day 27. By day 3, >60% biodegradation of the positive control was observed. No excursions from the protocol were noted.
The study was extended to Day 31, where the test substance achieved a mean percent biodegradation of 61.5%. - Results with reference substance:
- Sodium benzoate, the positive control, achieved 99.0% degradation after 14 days, and therefore this test may be considered valid. On Day 28 of the study, the mean percent degradation of the positive control was 88.7%.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable, but failing 10-day window
- Conclusions:
- Hydrocarbons, C14 -C18, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2 -30%), a multi-component substance, biodegraded to an extent of 61% after 28 days. The data support characterizing the test substance as rapidly biodegradable, readily biodegradable, not expected to persist in the environment under aerobic conditions. Although it did not meet the 10 -day window requirement, it is characterized as readily biodegradable because the criteria is not applied to multi-component substances when assessing their ready biodegradability.
- Executive summary:
Hydrocarbons, C14 -C18, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2 -30%), a multi-component substance, biodegraded to an extent of 61% after 28 days. The data support characterizing the test substance as rapidly biodegradable, readily biodegradable, not expected to persist in the environment under aerobic conditions. Although it did not meet the 10 -day window requirement, it is characterized as readily biodegradable because the criteria is not applied to multi-component substances when assessing their ready biodegradability.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table: Daily Percent Biodegradation
Day |
Average % Degradation of Sodium Benzoate |
Average % Degradation of Test Material |
1 |
21.5 |
0 |
2 |
55.4 |
1.52 |
3 |
64.3 |
7.81 |
4 |
72.7 |
13.8 |
5 |
77.5 |
21.9 |
6 |
80.4 |
28.8 |
7 |
83.3 |
34.2 |
8 |
87.4 |
39.8 |
9 |
94.1 |
45.8 |
10 |
99.0 |
52.9 |
11 |
101.2 |
60.0 |
12 |
102.0 |
64.3 |
13 |
101.4 |
67.1 |
14 |
99.0 |
68.0 |
15 |
96.0 |
67.7 |
16 |
92.9 |
67.2 |
17 |
91.5 |
67.6 |
18 |
90.7 |
68.1 |
19 |
90.2 |
68.8 |
20 |
89.8 |
69.4 |
21 |
89.7 |
70.2 |
22 |
89.5 |
70.9 |
23 |
89.4 |
71.6 |
24 |
89.2 |
72.3 |
25 |
89.1 |
73.0 |
26 |
88.9 |
73.6 |
27 |
88.8 |
74.1 |
28 |
88.7 |
74.7 |
29 |
88.6 |
75.2 |
30 |
88.5 |
75.6 |
31 |
88.5 |
75.9 |
Biodegradation was based on oxygen consumption and the theoretical oxygen demand of the test material as calculated using results of an elemental analysis of the test material.
|
% Degradation* |
Mean % Degradation |
Sample |
(day 28) |
(day 28) |
Test Material |
66.8, 56.2, 59.1 |
60.7 |
Na Benzoate |
89.9, 87.5 |
88.7 |
* replicate data
Description of key information
There is no data available for Hydrocarbons, C12-C16, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, 2-25% aromatics. Data is read across from structural analogues such as Hydrocarbons, C9-C14 aliphatics, 2-25% aromatics and Hydrocarbons, C14-C20 aliphatic, 2-30% aromatics. Hydrocarbons, C12-C16, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2-25%) straddles Hydrocarbons, C9-C14, Aliphatics, (2-25% Aromatics) and Hydrocarbons, C14-C20, Aliphatics (2-30% Aromatics). Read across justification documents have been provided for the same in Section 13 of the dossier. For this substance, a worst case scenario approach has been used for each endpoint.
Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2-25%), biodegraded 75% after 28 days under the conditions of the study and is readily biodegradable.
C14-C20 Aliphatics (2-30% Aromatics), multi-component substances, biodegraded to an extent of 61% after 28 days in an OECD 301F study. The data support characterizing the test substance(Hydrocarbons, C14 -C18, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics(2 -30%)) as rapidly biodegradable, readily biodegradable, not expected to persist in the environment under aerobic conditions. Although it did not meet the 10 -day window requirement, it is characterized as readily biodegradable because the criteria is not applied to multi-component substances when assessing their ready biodegradability.
These data are used as read across data for Hydrocarbons, C12-C16, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, 2-25% aromatics.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.

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