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EC number: 212-741-9 | CAS number: 865-48-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Health surveillance data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- health surveillance data
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- No EU TG or OECD guidelines are available for epidemiological evaluation of respiratory tract irritation. Survey design was well described, with correlation of measured and estimated exposures with respiratory symptoms reported by questionnaires. According to the EU RAR, 2007 (section 4.1.2.3.3, page 69), this was a reliable study.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Respiratory Morbidity and Exposure to Bauxite, Alumina and Caustic Mist in Alumnia Refineries
- Author:
- Fritschi L. , Klerk N, Sim M, Benke G, Musk AW
- Year:
- 2 001
- Bibliographic source:
- J Occup Health; 43: 231-237
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- self-reporting of symptoms
- Endpoint addressed:
- respiratory irritation
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A cross-sectional survey of 2404 employees in the three alumina refineries was performed in 1996. The participants answered questions about respiratory symptoms and the relationship of those symptoms to work, as well as having spirometry and providing a complete job history.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium hydroxide
- EC Number:
- 215-185-5
- EC Name:
- Sodium hydroxide
- Cas Number:
- 1310-73-2
- Molecular formula:
- HNaO
- IUPAC Name:
- sodium hydroxide
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): caustic mist
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
Results and discussion
- Results:
- Subjects in the highest group of current caustic exposure reported increased prevalence of work related wheeze (Prevalence ratio = 1.8; 95%; CI: 1.0-3.1) and rhinitis (Prevalence ratio = 1.6; 95%; CI: 1.1-2.4), but did not have measurable changes in lung function.
There were no significant differences in FEV1 between caustic exposure groups, but those in the highest two exposure groups had significantly increased FVC. There were no differences in these results when these analyses were restricted to those who had ever worked in the production jobs.
In this study, exposure concentrations up to 1 mg/m3 were not considered adverse with regard to local effects to the respiratory tract.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Results are based on questionnaires which are considered to give a more representative picture of respiratory tract irritation among workers since it is not expected that all workers with respiratory tract irritation have visited a medical department (as specified in the study of Ott et al. (1977)).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Subjects in the highest group of current caustic exposure reported increased prevalence of work related wheeze (Prevalence ratio = 1.8; 95%; CI: 1.0-3.1) and rhinitis (Prevalence ratio = 1.6; 95%; CI: 1.1-2.4), but did not have measurable changes in lung function.
There were no significant differences in FEV1 between caustic exposure groups, but those in the highest two exposure groups had significantly increased FVC.
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