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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.29 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
75
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
22.04 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

A NOAEL for the oral route needs to be converted for inhalation considering the differences between the routes and exposure between the test animals (rats) and workers and the general population.

As the NOAEL was obtained on rats using the oral route, it must be corrected for an inhalation exposure of workers, taking into account that workers are considered to be working 8h/d, with inhalative volumes for 8 h/d defined in the ECHA Guidance at 6.7 m3 for base level activity and 10m3 for light activity.

Corrected NOAEC(systemic-inhalation) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * (1 / sRV(rat)) * ((ABS(oral-rat) / ABS(inhalation-human))) * (sRV(human) / wRV)

Where ABS = Absorption, sRV = standard Respiratory Volume, and wRV = worker Respiratory Volume. Absorptions by inhalation and oral route are not known, therefore it was considered that oral absorption in the rat was 50% less effective than the human absorption by inhalation in accordance with ECHA Guidance.

Corrected NOAEC(systemic-inhalation) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * (1 / sRV(rat)) * ((ABS(oral-rat) / ABS(inhalation-human))) * (sRV(human) / wRV)

Corrected NOAEC(systemic-inhalation) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * (1 / sRV(rat)) * 0.5 * (sRV(human) / wRV)

Corrected NOAEC(systemic-inhalation) = 25 mg/kg bw * (1 / 0.38 m3/kg) * 0.5 * (6.7 m3 / 10 m3)

Corrected NOAEC(systemic-inhalation) = 22.04 mg/m3

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
Short-term to chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1.76 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
12.5
DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
22.04 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

A NOAEL of 25 mg/kg bw was calculated for the oral route following a short-term exposure. This value needs to be converted for inhalation considering the differences between the routes and exposure between the test animals (rats) and workers.

As the NOAEL was obtained on rats using the oral route, it must be corrected for an inhalation exposure of workers, taking into account that workers are considered to be working 8h/d, with inhalative volumes for 8h/d defined in the ECHA Guidance at 6.7m3 for base level activity and 10m3 for light activity.

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * (1 / sRV(rat)) * ((ABS(oral-rat) / ABS(inhalation-human))) * (sRV(human) / wRV)

Where ABS = Absorption, sRV = standard Respiratory Volume, and wRV = worker Respiratory Volume. Absorptions by inhalation and oral route are not known, therefore it was considered that oral absorption in the rat was 50% less effective than the human absorption by inhalation in accordance with ECHA Guidance.

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * (1 / sRV(rat)) * ((ABS(oral-rat) / ABS(inhalation-human))) * (sRV(human) / wRV)

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * (1 / sRV(rat)) * 0.5 * (sRV(human) / wRV)

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = 25 mg/kg bw * (1 / 0.38m3/kg) * 0.5 * (6.7m3 / 10m3)

Corrected NOAEC(inhalation) = 22.04 mg/m3

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.08 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
300
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
25 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

In accordance with ECHA Guidance, in order to derive DNEL for the dermal route for systemic effects from a repeated-dose toxicity study by the oral route, a conversion must be made in order to take into account the differences between the routes.

Corrected NOAEL(systemic-dermal) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * ((ABS(oral-rat) / ABS(dermal-rat)))

Absorptions by dermal and oral routes are not known. On the assumption that, in general, dermal absorption will not be higher than oral absorption, no default factor should be introduced when performing oral-to-dermal extrapolation.

Corrected NOAEL(systemic-dermal) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * ((ABS(dermal-rat) / ABS(oral-human)))

Corrected NOAEL(systemic-dermal) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * 1

Corrected NOAEL(systemic-dermal) = 25 mg/kg bw/day * 1

Corrected NOAEL(systemic-dermal) = 25 mg/kg bw/day  

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
Short-term to Chronic
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
Rats to Humans
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.5 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
50
DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
25 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

In accordance with ECHA Guidance, in order to derive DNEL for the dermal route for systemic effects from a study conducted via the oral route, a conversion must be made in order to take into account the differences between the routes.

Corrected NOAEL(systemic-dermal) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * ((ABS(oral-rat) / ABS(dermal-rat)))

Absorptions by dermal and oral routes are not known. On the assumption that, in general, dermal absorption will not be higher than oral absorption, no default factor should be introduced when performing oral-to-dermal extrapolation.

Corrected NOAEL(systemic-dermal) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * ((ABS(dermal-rat) / ABS(oral-human)))

Corrected NOAEL(systemic-dermal) = NOAEL(oral-rat) * 1

Corrected NOAEL(systemic-dermal) = 25 mg/kg/day * 1

Corrected NOAEL(systemic-dermal) = 25 mg/kg/day  

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
Rats to Humans
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
ECHA REACH Guidance

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Additional information - workers

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - General Population

There is no exposure expected to the general population based on the used of the registered substance.