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EC number: 215-662-8 | CAS number: 1338-24-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.5400 (Algal Toxicity, Tiers I and II) (January 2012)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not relevant
- Hardness:
- Not reported
- Test temperature:
- 23.2-24.2°C
- pH:
- 6.8-8.9
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not relevant
- Salinity:
- Not reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal WAF loading rates: 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 80 mg/L naphthenic acids
72h mean measured:
96h mean measured: - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks
- Test volume: 100 ml
- No. of organisms per vessel: Flasks were inoculated with 1 ml of pre-culture of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (1*10E+06 cells/ml)
Initial cell concentration: 1x10E+04cells/ml . Positions were randomized on a daily basis.
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6 replicates and 1 extra vessel of 1l for analytical measurements at 72h. Three replicates were pooled for analytical measurements at 96h.
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Algal nutrient medium prepared to ASTM E1217-97a recipe
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Continuous lightning
- Light intensity and quality: 4357-4527 lux (cool white fluorescent lighting).
- Orbital shaker (100 rpm)
- Temperature and pH were recorded in all parent solutions, at 72h in the extra 1l vessels and at 96 hours in 1 replicate.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: Microscopic counting using a hemacytometer at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after incubation
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations:
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline:
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations:
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 41.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 40-42
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 23.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 23-25
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 29.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 29-30
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 17.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 17-19
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 43.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 42-45
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 24.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 24-26
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 29.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 29-31
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 18.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 17-19
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOELR
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 20 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 7.38 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 15 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and biomass
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and biomass
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOELR
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 20 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and biomass
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 7.41 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and biomass
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 14.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and biomass
- Details on results:
- No confidence limits are reported in the HPVIS document. The 95% CL are taken from the ‘Naphthenic acids category analysis and hazard characterizaton’. Report submitted to the US EPA by the American Petroleum Institute petroleum HPV testing Group www.petroleumhpv.org. Consortium Registration, May 14, 2012.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not specified
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The growth rate of the unicellular algae (species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) is evaluated during 72 hours of exposure to the water accommodated fractions (WAF) of naphthenic acids. Test was performed according to OECD TG 201, in a static set up. WAFs were produced with loading rates 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 80 mg/L naphthenic acids. The measured concentrations were (at 72 h):
The results of the study showed that WAF has inhibiting effects on the growth rate of the unicellular algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The ErLC50 is 41.3 mg/l (load) and ErC50 is 29.6 mg/l (measured) for 72 hours of exposure.
The test is performed according to GLP principles and standard test procedures. The quality of the test and test results are highly reliable. - Executive summary:
The effect of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of naphthenic acids (NA) on the growth rate of the unicellular algal species Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was measured during a 72 hours exposure period. WAFs were prepared using loading rates of 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 80 mg/l naphthenic acids. The measured concentrations were <MQL (control), 1.69, 3.48, 7.38, 15, 28.9 and 44.9 mg/l naphthenic acids.
The test was performed in controlled conditions. At 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours the number of cells/ml was assessed (hemacytometer). Results were expressed as % inhibition of the growth rate when compared to control growth rate. The effect concentrations were calculated.
Analytical results are available and document on the exposure concentrations and stability of the test substance (identical results after 72 an 96 hours).
The ErLC50 is 41.3 mg/l (load) and ErC50 is 29.6 mg/l (measured) for 72 hours of exposure.
Also effects on biomass are reported, and NOEC/LOEC values. The test has been prolonged up to 96 hours, and effect values are reported for this exposure period as well.
The test is performed according to GLP principles and standard test procedures. The quality of the test and test results are highly reliable.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Remarks:
- USEPA TOx database
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Data was taken from a reliable peer-reviewed secondary source.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Navicula seminulum
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 4 d
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- unmeasured
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 26 - <= 80.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: population growth
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- no
- Conclusions:
- The toxicity of naphthenic acids to the freshwater diatom,Navicula seminulum,has been measured. The 96-h EC50 ranged from 26.0 - 80.5 mg/L
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of naphthenic acids to populations of the freshwater diatom, Navicula seminulum,has been measured. The 96-h EC50 for growth ranged from 26.0 - 80.5 mg/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
The appearance of the alga cell was normal.
The following data have been retrieved from the US EPA ECOTOX database. The original paper ( Final Rep.No.RG-3965(C2R1), U.S.Public Health Service Grant, Acad.of Nat.Sci.,,:89 p.) given for all these data could not be obtained:
Test species | Duration (d) | Chemical Name | Effect | Measured effect | Endpoint | Conc (ug/L) |
Navicula seminulum | 4 | Naphthenic acid | POP | PGRT | EC50 | 26000 |
Navicula seminulum | 4 | Naphthenic acid | POP | PGRT | EC50 | 42500 |
Navicula seminulum | 4 | Naphthenic acid | POP | PGRT | EC50 | 43500 |
Navicula seminulum | 4 | Naphthenic acid | POP | PGRT | EC50 | 43700 |
Navicula seminulum | 4 | Naphthenic acid | POP | PGRT | EC50 | 45600 |
Navicula seminulum | 4 | Naphthenic acid | POP | PGRT | EC50 | 80500 |
Navicula seminulum | 4 | Naphthenic acid | POP | PGRT | EC50 | 30500 |
Navicula seminulum | 4 | Naphthenic acid | POP | PGRT | EC50 | 41200 |
Navicula seminulum | 4 | Naphthenic acid | POP | PGRT | EC50 | 42700 |
Navicula seminulum | 4 | Naphthenic acid | POP | PGRT | EC50 | 43100 |
Navicula seminulum | 4 | Naphthenic acid | POP | PGRT | EC50 | 66000 |
Navicula seminulum | 4 | Naphthenic acid | POP | PGRT | EC50 | 79000 |
Description of key information
The growth rate of the unicellular algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) is evaluated during 72 hours of exposure to the water accommodated fractions (WAF) of naphthenic acids. The ErLC50 is 41.3 mg/l (load) and ErC50 is 29.6 mg/l (measured) for 72 hours of exposure.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 29.6 mg/L
Additional information
The growth rate of the unicellular algae (species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) is evaluated during 72 hours of exposure to the water accommodated fractions (WAF) of naphthenic acids. Test was performed according to OECD TG 201, in a static set up. WAFs were produced with loading rates 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 80 mg/L naphthenic acids. The measured concentrations were (at 72 h): <MQL (control), 1.69, 3.48, 7.38, 15, 28.9 and 44.9 mg/l naphthenic acids. Test conditions were suitable.
The results of the study showed that WAF has inhibiting effects on the growth rate of the unicellular algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The ErLC50 is 41.3 mg/l (load) and ErC50 is 29.6 mg/l (measured) for 72 hours of exposure.
The test is performed according to GLP principles and standard test procedures. The quality of the test and test results are highly reliable.
The toxicity of naphthenic acids to populations of the freshwater diatom, Navicula seminulum,has been measured. The 96-h EC50 for growth ranged from 26.0 - 80.5 mg/L (US EPA Ecotoxicity website).
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