1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Short-term toxicity to fish:

Based on mortality the 96hr LC50 was determined to be 18.8 mg/l for fathead minnow.Based on the LC50 value the substance may be classified as aquatic chronic-3.  

Long term toxicity to fish:

Delayed or inhibited embryonic development was also remarkable. Teratogenic effects on larvae were observed in concentrations at lethal-levels. These effects were noticed as

deviations at the pectoral fins, abnormalities of the vertebrae and size-increase of the yolk sac. Based on the effects the EC50 was determined to be 39mg/l. Classification may not be done as it is a chronic study.

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 15.1 mg/L (95 % CI :10.3-22.3)on the basis of mobility inhibition effects in a 48 hour study.

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Based on the immobilization the LC50 and EC50 was determined to be 22.1 mg/l and 3.82 mg/l respectively. As it is a chronic study substance may not be classified.

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:

Based on the growth rate inhibition of algae Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus) due to the exposure of chemical the EC50 was determine to be 15.1 mg/L.

Toxicity to microorganisms:

Aquatic toxicity study of micro-organism to the test substance was conducted usingPhotobacteriumphosphoreum, strain NRRL-B-11177 (also referred to asVibrio fischerii, strain NRRL-B-11177).

When test bacteria was exposed to the test substance 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene with exposure duration of 15 mins, reduction in light output was observed.

Based on which the EC50 was determined to be 13.1mg/l.

Additional information

Short-term toxicity to fish:

To evaluate toxicity to fish, various experimental studies were performed.Based on the experimental data aquired from various sources following is the discription:

Short term toxicity study have been carried out to test the effects of 1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene on fresh water fish fathead minnow for 96hr.Based on mortality the 96 hr LC50 was determined to be 18.8 mg/l for fathead minnow.

in another supporting study,Short term toxicity study have been carried out to test the effects of 1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene on fresh water fish fathead minnow for 24hr.Based on mortality the 24hr LC50 was determined to be 18 mg/l for fathead minnow.

Even though varied results for short term toxicity to fish were available but, based on the effect concentration from both the experimental study report,we can consider that the test chemical is toxic and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3.

Long term toxicity to fish:

Based on the value aquired from peer reviewed journal,long term toxicity of fish was discribed as below:

Freshly spawned eggs were obtained from a lab-culture. Within 4h after fertilization eggs were introduce to dishes containing test solution. Exposure duration was 7 days. Eggs were observed daily for abnormal changes.
Specific temperature ph and hardness were maintained and fishes were not feeded during the study period. The dose range used in 10-100mg/l, At given Effect concentration (39mg/l) some teratogenic and physiological abnormalities were observed predicting the toxicity of substance to fish early life stages.

Chronic study has been conducted for 7 days to test the effects of1-chloro-3-nitrobenzeneon danio rario.

Based on mortality observed for 7 days, the LC50 was determined to be 56 mg/l. Other than mortality some Delayed or inhibited embryonic development was also remarkable. Teratogenic effects on larvae were observed in concentrations at lethal-levels. These effects were noticed as deviations at the pectoral fins, abnormalities of the vertebrae and size-increase of the yolk sac.

Chronic study has been conducted for 14 days to test the effects of 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene on danio rario.Based on mortality observed for 14 days, the LC50 was determined to be 15.4mg/l.

Chronic study has been conducted for 14 days to test the effects of 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene onp reticullata.Based on mortality observed for 14 days, the LC50 was determined to be 20 mg/l & EC50 was determined to be 2.0 mg/l.

Based on the effect concentrations we can consider that the test substance 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene has no chronic effect on fish and can be considered as not classified as per CLP.

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

To evaluate toxicity of aquatic invertebrates, various experimental studies were performed.Based on the experimental data aquired from various sources following is the discription:

Aim of this study was to assess the short term toxicity of test substance 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene to aquatic invertebrates daphnia magna. Study was performed according to the OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test) in a static system for the total exposure period of 48 hrs.The stock solution 100.0 g/L was prepared by dissolving light brown solid sample in DMSO. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample in reconstituted water. 0,3,6,12,24,50 mg/L concentrations were used in the study. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0.The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 15.1 mg/L on the basis of mobility inhibition effects in a 48 hour study. Based on the EC50 value, substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrate and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP classification criteria.

Whereas,in data aquired from another study suggests that Short term toxicity study was conducted for 48 hrs in daphnia magna to test the effects of1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene.DMSO is used as vehicle.Based on the mortality the LC50 was determined to be 20mg/l.

Moreover,in another study suggests that the Short term toxicity study was conducted for 48 hrs in daphnia magna to test the effects of1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene.

Based on the effects the EC50 was determined to be 4.5mg/l.

Even though varied results for short term toxicity of aquatic invertebrates were available but, based on the maximum notifiers in ECHA and the effect concentration from first experimental study report,we can consider that the test chemical is toxic and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3.

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Based on the value aquired from peer reviewed journal,long term toxicity of aquatic invertebrates was discribed as below:

Long term toxicity study was conducted to test the effects of 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene on daphnia magna for 14 days .Based on the immobilization the LC50 and EC50 was determined to be 22.1mg/l and 3.82mg/l respectively.

Long term toxicity study was conducted to test the effects of 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene on fresh water invertebrates daphnia magna for 21 days. Feeding was provided to the daphnids 3x10⁸C.pyrenoidosa cells/l/day.Based on the mortality the LC50 was determined to be 2.0mg/l for 21days chronic exposure. The substance may not be classified as it is chronic study.

Based on the effect concentrations we can consider that the test substance 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene has no chronic effect on aquatic invertebrates and can be considered as not classified as per CLP.

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:

To evaluate toxicity of aquatic algae, various experimental studies were performed.Based on the experimental data aquired from various sources following is the discription:

Aim of this study was to evaluate the nature of chemical test chemical when comes in contact with the test organism Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus). Test was conducted according to the OECD guideline 201. The stock solution 100.0 g/L was prepared by dissolving light brown solid sample in DMSO. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture.Various concentration were used.With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0. Effect on the growth of algae was determine after an exposure period of 72 hrs.The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene, in algae was determined to be 15.1 mg/L on the basis of growth rate inhibition effects in a 72 hour study. Based on the EC50 value, which indicates that the substance is likely to be hazardous/ non-hazardous to aquatic algae and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP classification criteria.

The above study was further supported by Chronic toxicity study was carried out for 14 days to test the effects of the test substance on fresh water green algaeScenedesmus pannonicus.

Semistatic conditions were maintained and the renewal of test solution was done daily thereforetheactual LC50 values will be about 85% of the actual concentration used .

Based on the effective minimum inhibitory concentration the EC50 was determined to be 3.06 mg/l.

Both the abpve studies were again supported by 96 hr short term toxicity studies which have been carried out to evaluate the effects of 1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene on Green algaeChlorella pyrenoidosa

Based on the changes in growth the EC50 was determined to be 1.9 mg/l.

Even though varied results for short term toxicity of aquatic invertebrate were available but, based on the maximum notifiers in ECHA and the effect concentration from first experimental study report,we can consider that the test chemical is toxic and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3.

Toxicity to microorganisms:

Aquatic toxicity study of micro-organism to the test substance was conducted usingPhotobacteriumphosphoreum, strain NRRL-B-11177 (also referred to asVibrio fischerii, strain NRRL-B-11177).

When test bacteria was exposed to the test substance 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene with exposure duration of 15 mins, reduction in light output was observed.

Based on which the EC50 was determined to be 13.1mg/l.