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Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods

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Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: short-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
no guideline available
Principles of method if other than guideline:
No specific guidelines are available. Test design based on OEPP/EPPO 170 (4) (2010), OECD 213 and 214 (1998), VAN DER STEEN (2001) and Minutes of ICPPR Workshop Non-Apis bees (held on 6 March 2014, Niefern, Germany and February 2015 in Limburgerhof, Germany)
GLP compliance:
yes
Application method:
other: Oral and Contact
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Methomyl technical
DPX-X1179-571
Purity: 99.4%
Analytical monitoring:
no
Vehicle:
yes
Remarks:
50 % (w/v) aqueous sucrose solution
Test organisms (species):
other: BOMBUS TERRESTRIS L.
Animal group:
other: Hymenoptera, Apidae
Study type:
laboratory study
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
4 h
Test temperature:
24.2 - 25.3°C
Humidity:
55.9 – 62.9 %
Photoperiod and lighting:
Constant darkness except during the assessments. Observations were made under neon light.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 μg/bumble bee for Oral study; 0, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 μg/bumble bee for Contact study
Reference substance (positive control):
yes
Remarks:
dimethoate
Key result
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
LD50
Remarks:
Oral
Effect conc.:
34.3 µg per animal
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
mortality
Key result
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Remarks:
Oral
Effect conc.:
11.7 µg per animal
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Key result
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
LD50
Remarks:
Contact
Effect conc.:
36.4 µg per animal
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
mortality
Key result
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Remarks:
Contact
Effect conc.:
6.25 µg per animal
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Details on results:
Methomyl caused 86.7 and 56.7 % mortality on Bombus terrestris L. up to and including the highest dose tested in the acute oral (nominal 100 μg/bumble bee) and contact (50 μg/bumble bee) toxicity test, respectively.
Results with reference substance (positive control):
The oral and contact toxicity of the toxic reference standard, dimethoate, to honeybees in these tests fell within the published acceptable range, indicating the validity of these tests.
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
Oral LD50 = 34.3 µg/bee
Oral NOEL = 11.7 µg/bee
Contact LD50 = 36.4 µg/bee
Contact NOEL = 6.25 µg/bee
Executive summary:

The aim of this study was to assess the acute oral and contact toxicity of methomyl on the bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L.,in a laboratory study. Target dose levels for the oral and contact toxicity test were 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 μg/bumble bee and 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 μg/bumble bee, respectively.

 

In the oral test, bumble bees in the test item treatments with methomyl were offered test solutions in 50 % (w/v) aqueous sucrose solution. The doses based on the actual consumption of the test item were 6.29, 11.7, 22.6, 44.5 and 82.4 μg/bumble bee. The test solutions were offered to the bumble bees for 4 hours. Assessments of mortality and behavioral abnormalities were carried out 24 and 48 hours after start of feeding the test solutions.

 

In the contact test, bumble bees were treated with methomyl dissolved in deionized water by topical application with a 2 μL droplet applied to the dorsal thorax of each bumble bee. Assessments of mortality and behavioral abnormalities were carried out 24 and 48 hours after application.

 

Methomyl caused 86.7 and 56.7 % mortality on Bombus terrestris L. up to and including the highest dose tested in the acute oral (nominal 100 μg/bumble bee) and contact (50 μg/bumble bee) toxicity test, respectively. The acute oral 48 hour LD50 was determined to be 34.3 μg/bumble bee and the acute contact 48 hour LD50 was determined to be 36.4 μg/bumble bee. The NOEL (No Observed Effect Level) in the oral toxicity test was determined to be 11.7 μg/bumble bee. The NOEL in the contact toxicity test was determined to be 6.25 μg/bumble bee after 48 hours.

Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: short-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
EPA OPP 141-1 (Honey Bee Acute Contact Toxicity)
Version / remarks:
EPPO Guideline No. 170 (1992) was followed which essientially conforms to the guideline selected
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
EPA OPPTS 850.3020 (Honey Bee Acute Contact Toxicity)
Version / remarks:
EPPO Guideline No. 170 (1992) was followed which essientially conforms to the guideline selected
GLP compliance:
yes
Application method:
other: Oral and Contact
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Methomyl technical
DPX-X1179-512
Purity: 98.6%
Analytical monitoring:
no
Vehicle:
yes
Remarks:
water
Test organisms (species):
Apis mellifera
Animal group:
Hymenoptera (honeybees)
Study type:
laboratory study
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
48 h
Test temperature:
26.0 - 29.0 °C
Humidity:
50.0 - 62.0 %
Photoperiod and lighting:
constant darkness
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 0.10, 0.20, 0.40, 0.80, 1.60 μg a.s. per bee for Oral study; 0, 0.08, 0.12, 0.18, 0.27, 0.41 μg a.s. per bee for Contact study
Reference substance (positive control):
yes
Remarks:
dimethoate
Key result
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
LD50
Remarks:
Oral
Effect conc.:
0.28 µg per animal
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
mortality
Key result
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Remarks:
Oral
Effect conc.:
0.09 µg per animal
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Key result
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
LD50
Remarks:
Contact
Effect conc.:
0.16 µg per animal
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
mortality
Key result
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Remarks:
Contact
Effect conc.:
0.08 µg per animal
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Details on results:
Treated bees did not differ from control bees in behaviour at any time.
Results with reference substance (positive control):
The oral and contact toxicity of the toxic reference standard, dimethoate, to honeybees in these tests fell within the published acceptable range, indicating the validity of these tests.
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
Oral LD50 = 0.28 µg/bee
Oral NOEL = 0.09 µg/bee
Contact LD50 = 0.16 µg/bee
Contact NOEL = 0.08 µg/bee
Executive summary:

Acute oral and contact toxicity of the test substance to honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) was tested in a laboratory study conducted under EPPO Guideline No. 170. Each of the oral and contact toxicity tests was conducted with 5 test substance treatment rates, a control treatment and 4 toxic standard treatment rates; 5 replicates per treatment; and 10 honeybees per replicate. The toxic standard used in these tests was dimethoate. The nominal concentrations used in the oral test were 0.10, 0.20, 0.40, 0.80, 1.60 μg a.s. per bee. The nominal concentrations used in the contact test were 0, 0.08, 0.12, 0.18, 0.27, 0.41 μg a.s. per bee. Bees were observed at 2, 4, 24, and 48-hours after treatment for mortality and behavioural effects.

 

Treated bees did not differ from control bees in behaviour at any time. The oral and contact toxicity of the toxic reference standard, dimethoate, to honeybees in these tests fell within the published acceptable range, indicating the validity of these tests. The oral LD50 was determined to be 0.28 µg/bee and the oral NOEL was 0.09 µg/bee. The contact LD50 was determined to be 0.16 µg/bee and the contact NOEL was 0.08 µg/bee.

Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: short-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 237 (Honey bee (Apis mellifera) Larval Toxicity Test, Single Exposure)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Methomyl technical
DPX-X1179-571
Purity: 99.4%
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Vehicle:
yes
Remarks:
Autoclaved, deionized water
Test organisms (species):
Apis mellifera
Animal group:
Hymenoptera (honeybees)
Study type:
laboratory study
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
72 h
Test temperature:
33.2 – 35.1 °C
Humidity:
44.0 – 100.0 %
Photoperiod and lighting:
None, except during feeding and assessments
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 0, 0.12, 0.37, 1.11, 3.33 and 10.0 μg/larva OR 0, 41.1, 123.3, 370, 1110, 3330 mg/L
Measured: 0, 41.6, 124, 368, 1140, 3320 mg/L
Reference substance (positive control):
yes
Remarks:
Dimethoate
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
0.12 µg per animal
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Remarks on result:
other: corresponds to 3.7 mg/kg diet
Key result
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
3.46 µg per animal
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
mortality
Remarks on result:
other: corresponds to 104.8 mg/kg diet
Details on results:
During the mortality assessments no noticeable observations such as deviating larval sizes and appearances were made.
Results with reference substance (positive control):
In the reference item group, treated with a single dose of 8.8 μg dimethoate/larva the mortality was 75.0 % on day 7 (D7).
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
72-h NOED = 0.12 µg/larvae (which corresponded to 3.7 mg/kg diet
72-h LD50 = 3.46 µg/larvae (which corresponded to 104.8 mg/kg diet
Executive summary:

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of methomyl on the larvae of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., following single feeding exposure in vitro. The test was conducted according to OECD guideline 237. On the first day (D1) of the dose response test synchronised honey bee larvae (Apis mellifera carnica POLLMANN, first instar, L1) were transferred into 48-well plates where they were fed a standardised amount of artificial diet A. On day 3 (D3) of the test, larvae were fed with a standardised amount of artificial diet B. On day 4 (D4) of the test, five different doses (0.12, 0.37, 1.11, 3.33 and 10.0 μg methomyl/larva) of the test item and one single dose of the reference item (8.8 μg dimethoate/larva) were applied to the larvae with diet C. A control group was included in the test and exposed for the same period of time under identical exposure conditions to the untreated artificial diet. Each treatment group consisted of 48 larvae from three different colonies (each colony representing a replicate). The assessment of mortality was carried out on day 5 (D5), day 6 (D6) and day 7 (D7) (i.e. 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after application of treated and untreated diet, respectively). The presence of uneaten food was qualitatively recorded at the end of the test on day 7 (D7). The analytical dose verification of the test item concentrations in the test item stock solution, application solutions of each test item group and the control solution was done by analyzing the content of methomyl in the samples taken on day 4 (D4) directly after preparation and before application. The doses which cause 10 %, 20 % and 50 % mortality (LD10,LD20andLD50) and the NOED (No Observed Effect Dose) on day 7 (D7) (72 h after application of the test item) to larvae ofApis melliferaL. were determined. Additionally the corresponding concentrations (LC10,LC20, LC50and the NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration)) were calculated.

 

The measured concentrations of the test item stock solution and application solutions were within 20 % of nominal. Therefore the concentrations of the stock solution and any dilution were confirmed and the endpoints are based on nominal concentrations. In a single exposure larval toxicity test with methomyl the NOED for day 7 (D7) was determined as 0.12 μg methomyl/larva, equivalent to a NOEC of 3.7 mg methomyl/kg diet. The LD10 for day 7 (D7) was calculated as 0.24 μg methomyl/larva, equivalent to an LC10 of 7.3 mg methomyl/kg diet. The LD20 for day 7 (D7) was calculated as 0.60 μg methomyl/larva, equivalent to an LC20 of 18.2 mg methomyl/kg diet. The LD50 for day 7 (D7) was calculated as 3.46 μg methomyl/larva, equivalent to an LC50 of 104.8 mg methomyl/kg diet.

Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 226 (Predatory Mite (Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) Aculeifer) Reproduction Test in Soil)
GLP compliance:
yes
Application method:
soil
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Methomyl technical
Batch JUL06LP276
Purity: 99.4%
Analytical monitoring:
no
Vehicle:
yes
Remarks:
acetone
Study type:
laboratory study
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
14 d
Test temperature:
Within a range of 18 °C to 22 °C
pH (if soil or dung study):
5.6 to 5.7
Humidity:
Controlled environment room, in a ventilated area
Photoperiod and lighting:
16 h light : 8 h dark (Within a range of 400 to 800 lux)
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.8, 10.5, 18.9, 34.0 and 61.2 mg test item/kg dry artificial soil equivalent to 0.994, 1.789, 3.181, 5.765, 10.44, 18.79, 33.80 and 60.83 mg methomyl/kg dry artificial soil
Reference substance (positive control):
yes
Remarks:
Dimethoate
Key result
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
11.86 mg/kg soil dw
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Key result
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
16.51 mg/kg soil dw
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Key result
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
11.86 mg/kg soil dw
Basis for effect:
other: mortality and reproduction
Key result
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
10.5 mg/kg soil dw
Basis for effect:
other: mortality and reproduction
Details on results:
No statistically significant lethal effects were observed up to and including the concentration of 10.5 mg test item/kg dry artificial soil. At 18.9 mg/kg dry artificial soil mortality was statistically significantly increased (Fisher's Exact Test, α = 0.05, one-sided greater).

The reproduction of the predatory mites exposed to methomyl was not statistically significantly different compared to the control up to and including the test concentration of 10.5 mg/kg dry artificial soil. At 18.9 mg/kg dry artificial soil reproduction was statistically significantly reduced (Williams t-test, α = 0.05, one-sided smaller).
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
14-day EC10 = 11.86 mg/kg dry soil
14-day EC20 = 13.40 mg/kg dry soil
14-day EC50 = 16.51 mg/kg dry soil
14-day LOEC = 18.9 mg/kg dry soil
14-day NOEC = 10.5 mg/kg dry soil
Executive summary:

The effects of methomyl on survival and reproduction of the soil mite, Hypoaspis aculeifer, were measured in a 14-day soil exposure GLP-compliant laboratory study based on OECD guideline 226. Four replicates (eight in the control) of ten soil mites each were exposed to nominal concentrations of 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.8, 10.5, 18.9, 34.0 and 61.2 mg test item/kg dry artificial soil (equivalent to 0.994, 1.789, 3.181, 5.765, 10.44, 18.79, 33.80 and 60.83 mg methomyl/kg dry artificial soil, adjusted for purity) and to an untreated control (using the same amount of acetone and fine quartz sand per g substrate as in the test item groups). After 14 days the soil mites were assessed for the number of surviving adults (mortality) and the number of juveniles (reproduction).

 

The reference item (active substance dimethoate) is tested at least once a year at five concentrations. The most recent test was conducted in October/November 2015, performed under ibacon Study Number 105652089. All validity criteria for the study were met.

 

No statistically significant lethal effects were observed up to and including the concentration of 10.5 mg test item/kg dry artificial soil. At 18.9 mg/kg dry artificial soil mortality was statistically significantly increased (Fisher's Exact Test, α = 0.05, one-sided greater).

 

The reproduction of the predatory mites exposed to methomyl was not statistically significantly different compared to the control up to and including the test concentration of 10.5 mg/kg dry artificial soil. At 18.9 mg/kg dry artificial soil reproduction was statistically significantly reduced (Williams t-test, α = 0.05, one-sided smaller).

 

The 14-day EC10 based on reproduction was determined to be 11.86 mg methomyl/kg dry artificial soil (adjusted for purity), the EC20 was determined to be 13.40 mg methomyl/kg dry artificial soil (adjusted for purity) and the EC50 was determined to be 16.51 mg methomyl/kg dry artificial soil (adjusted for purity), using Logit Analysis.

Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Qualifier:
no guideline available
Principles of method if other than guideline:
There is no finalized and internationally accepted testing guideline available. Therefore, the study was conducted based on the publication of Kling, A. and Schmitzer, S. (2015) and the recent recommendations of the OECD ring test group.
GLP compliance:
yes
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Methomyl technical
Batch JUL06LP276
Purity: 99.4%
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Vehicle:
yes
Remarks:
50 % (w/v) aqueous sucrose solution
Test organisms (species):
Apis mellifera
Animal group:
Hymenoptera (honeybees)
Study type:
laboratory study
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
10 d
Test temperature:
31.7 – 34.7°C
Humidity:
44.9 – 65.0 %
Photoperiod and lighting:
Constant darkness except during the assessments. Observations were made under neon light.
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 0, 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 μg/kg
The actual concentrations of methomyl in the feeding solutions, determined for the samples taken before the 1st application, were 97, 99, 93, 100 and 101 % of nominal concentrations
Reference substance (positive control):
yes
Remarks:
Dimethoate
Key result
Duration:
10 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
312.5 other: µg/kg
Key result
Duration:
10 d
Dose descriptor:
other: NOEDD
Remarks:
no observed effect dietary dose
Effect conc.:
0.011 µg per animal
Details on results:
In the control group a mortality of 2.5 % was observed at the end of the 10-day examination phase.

In the test item groups 0.0, 20.0, 62.5, 72.5 and 100 % mortality (corrected: -2.6, 17.9, 61.5, 71.8 and 100 %) was observed at the test item concentration levels of 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 μg/kg, respectively, at the final assessment after 10 days.

The number of behavioral abnormalities (affected, apathetic and moribund bees) was increasing with increasing dose from the concentration level of 625 μg/kg to 5000 μg/kg.
Results with reference substance (positive control):
In the toxic reference group treated with dimethoate, 100 % mortality was recorded at the end of the 10-day examination phase. Consequently, the validity criteria for the test were met and the test was deemed valid.
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
10-day NOEC = 312.5 µg/kg
10-day NOEDD = 0.0106 µg/bee
Executive summary:

The aim of this study was to assess the chronic effects of methomyl on the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., in a 10 days chronic feeding test under laboratory conditions. There is no finalized and internationally accepted testing guideline available. Therefore, the study was conducted based on the publication of Kling, A. and Schmitzer, S. (2015) and the recent recommendations of the OECD ring test group. Honey bees were fed ad libitum with a 50 % (w/v) aqueous sucrose solution and methomyl at the concentration levels of 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 μg/kg. The feeding solutions were prepared fresh every day. The control group was exposed for the same period of time under identical exposure conditions to untreated 50 % (w/v) aqueous sucrose solution. The reference item treatment group was also exposed for the same period of time under identical exposure conditions to a treated feeding solution containing 0.9 mg dimethoate/kg. The analytical verification of the test item concentrations in stock and feeding solutions was done by analyzing the content of the active substance, methomyl in the samples taken before the 1st application. Assessments of mortality and behavioral abnormalities were carried out daily during the 10- day test period. Furthermore, the food consumption was determined daily.

 

In the control group a mortality of 2.5 % was observed at the end of the 10-day examination phase. In the toxic reference group treated with dimethoate, 100 % mortality was recorded at the end of the 10-day examination phase. Consequently, the validity criteria for the test were met and the test was deemed valid.

 

In the test item groups 0.0, 20.0, 62.5, 72.5 and 100 % mortality (corrected: -2.6, 17.9, 61.5, 71.8 and 100 %) was observed at the test item concentration levels of 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 μg/kg, respectively, at the final assessment after 10 days.

 

The number of behavioral abnormalities (affected, apathetic and moribund bees) was increasing with increasing dose from the concentration level of 625 μg/kg to 5000 μg/kg.

 

The NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) was determined to be 312.5 μg/kg, and the NOEDD (No Observed Effect Dietary Dose) was determined to be 0.0106 μg/bee/day.

Description of key information

Duration/Value Type Species  Value  Guideline  Reliability
Oral LD50 honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)  0.28 µg/bee   EPPO Guideline No. 170  1
Oral NOEL honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)  0.09 µg/bee  EPPO Guideline No. 170  1
Contact LD50 honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)  0.16 µg/bee  EPPO Guideline No. 170  1
Contact NOEL honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)  0.08 µg/bee  EPPO Guideline No. 170  1
 Oral LD50 bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L   34.3 µg/bee   Test design based on OEPP/EPPO 170 (4) (2010), OECD 213 and 214 (1998), VAN DER STEEN (2001) and Minutes of ICPPR Workshop Non-Apis bees (held on 6 March 2014, Niefern, Germany and February 2015 in Limburgerhof, Germany) 1 
 Oral NOEL bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L   11.7 µg/bee Test design based on OEPP/EPPO 170 (4) (2010), OECD 213 and 214 (1998), VAN DER STEEN (2001) and Minutes of ICPPR Workshop Non-Apis bees (held on 6 March 2014, Niefern, Germany and February 2015 in Limburgerhof, Germany)   1
 Contact LD50  bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L   36.4 µg/bee Test design based on OEPP/EPPO 170 (4) (2010), OECD 213 and 214 (1998), VAN DER STEEN (2001) and Minutes of ICPPR Workshop Non-Apis bees (held on 6 March 2014, Niefern, Germany and February 2015 in Limburgerhof, Germany)    1
 Contact NOEL  bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L   6.25 µg/bee Test design based on OEPP/EPPO 170 (4) (2010), OECD 213 and 214 (1998), VAN DER STEEN (2001) and Minutes of ICPPR Workshop Non-Apis bees (held on 6 March 2014, Niefern, Germany and February 2015 in Limburgerhof, Germany)    1
 72-h LD50 honey bee,Apis mellifera L   3.46 µg/larvae  OECD 237 1 
 72-h NOED honey bee,Apis mellifera L  0.12 µg/larvae  OECD 237 1 
 10-day NOEC honey bee,Apis mellifera L    312.5 µg/kg  based on the publication of Kling, A. and Schmitzer, S. (2015) and the recent recommendations of the OECD ring test group.  2
 14-day EC50 soil mite,Hypoaspis aculeifer    16.51 mg/kg dry soil  OECD 226  1 
 14-day NOEC soil mite,Hypoaspis aculeifer    10.5 mg/kg dry soil   OECD 226  1 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Short-term EC50 or LC50 for soil dwelling arthropods:
16.51 mg/kg soil dw
Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil dwelling arthropods:
10.5 mg/kg soil dw

Additional information