Amides, C18-unsatd., N-[2-(1-piperazinyl)ethyl]

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

3rd August 2009 to 22 January 2010

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Proprietary GLP guideline-compliant study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Report date:

2010

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.10 (Mutagenicity - In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

N-[2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]C18-unsatured-alkylamide

EC Number:

629-767-5

Cas Number:

1228186-18-2

Molecular formula:

No molecular formula

IUPAC Name:

N-[2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]C18-unsatured-alkylamide

Method

Target gene:

Not applicable - chromosome aberration study.

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

lymphocytes: human

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

Human lymphocytes were prepared from whole blood samples obtained from two healthy donors and collected into heparinised sterile tubes. Human lymphocytes are primary cell cultures, they have a stable karyotype with 46 chromosomes and an average cell cycle time of 12-14 hours.
0.5ml of the heparinized whole blood was added to 5mL of RPMI 1640 medium containing 20% fetal calf serum, L-glutamine (2mM), penicillin (100U/mL), streptomycin (100ug/mL) and phytohemagglutinin.

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not applicable

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9 mix prepared from the livers of Aroclor 1254 induced rats

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

First experiment without and without S9 S9: 7.81, 15.6, 31.3, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 µg/ml
First experiment with S9 (concentrations changed following cytotoxicity): 0.391, 0.781, 1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 µg/ml.
Second experiment with S9: 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 18.75, 25 and 50 µg/ml.
Second experiment without S9: 1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 µg/ml.

Vehicle / solvent:

The vehicle was dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). The test material was freely soluble in DMSO at 200 mg/ml.

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

mitomycin C

Remarks:

Migrated to IUCLID6: Without S9 mix, at 3 µg/ml or 0.2 µg/ml

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

cyclophosphamide

Remarks:

Migrated to IUCLID6: With S9 mix, at 12.5 and 25 µg/ml

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

Cells were tested both with and without S9 mix, in two independent experiments using duplicate cultures.
To prepare each culture, 0.5 ml of heparinised whole blood was added to 5 ml of RPMI 1640 medium containing 20% foetal calf serum, L-glutamine, penicillin, streptomycin and phytohaemagglutinin. The cultures were then incubated at 37°C for 48 hours.
In the first experiment, the cell cultures were then exposed to the test material (or controls) for 3 hours, both in the absence and presence of S9 mix, then rinsed. One and a half hours before harvest, each culture was treated with a colcemid solution (10 µg/ml) to block cells at the metaphase-stage of mitosis. Harvest time was 20 hours after the beginning of treatment, corresponding to approximately 1.5 cell cycles.
In the second experiment, cells were exposed continuously to the test material (or controls) without S9 mix until harvest, or cells were exposed for 3 hours in the presence of S9 mix and then rinsed. One and a half hours before harvest, each culture was treated with the colcemid solution. Harvest times were 20 hours and 44 hours after the beginning of treatment, corresponding to approximately 1.5 normal cell cycles, and 24 hours later.
In all experiments the treatment volume was 27.5 µl/5.5 ml culture medium.

After hypotonic treatment (KCl 0.075 M), the cells were fixed in a methanol/acetic acid mixture (3:1, v/v), spread on glass slides and stained with Giemsa. Slides were coded prior to assessment.

The cytotoxicity of the test item was evaluated using the mitotic index (no. cells in mitosis/1000 cells examined). Analysis of 200 metaphases/dose-level (with 44 too 46 chromosomes) was made, with 100 metaphases/culture, whenever possible. Only 50 metaphases/culture were analysed when at least 10% cells with structural chromosome aberration were observed.

The following structural aberrations were recorded for each metaphase: gaps, chromatid and chromosome breaks and exchanges, and others (multiple aberrations and pulverisations). In addition, the following numerical aberrations were recorded when encountered: polyploidy and endoreduplication.

Evaluation criteria:

A reproducible and statistically significant increase in the frequency of cells with structural chromosome aberration for at least one of the dose levels and one of the two harvest times was considered a positive result. Reference to historical data or other considerations of biological relevance, was also taken into account in the evaluation of the findings.

Statistics:

Formal statistical analyses were only carried out if necessary, in which case chi-square was used.

Results and discussion

Test results

Species / strain:

lymphocytes: human

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

In the culture medium, the dose level of 1000 µg/ml showed a moderate precipitate. At this dose level, the pH was approximately 7.4 (as for the vehicle control) and the osmolality was equal to 363 m)sm/kg H2O (381 mOsm/kg H2O for the vehicle control). A slight to moderate precipitate was observed at the end of the treatment period at dose-levels ≥125 µg/ml.

Experiments without S9 mix
Cytotoxicity: following the 3 hour treatment in the first experiment, a slight to severe toxicity was noted at dose levels ≥31.3 µg/ml, as shown by a 255 to 100% decrease in the mitotic index (MI). Following the 20 hour treatment in the second experiment, a 54% to 99% decrease in the MI was noted as dose levels ≥25 µg/ml. Following the 44 hour treatment in the second experiment, a 100% decrease in the MI was noted at 50 µg/ml.
Metaphase analysis: The dose levels selected for the metaphase analysis were: 7.81, 15.6 and 31.3 µg/ml for the 3 hour treatment, the latter inducing a 25% decrease in the MI, and higher dose levels being too cytotoxic; 6.25, 12.5 and 25 µg/ml for the 20 hour treatment, the latter inducing a 54% decrease in the MI; 25 µg/ml for the 44 hour treatment, the higher dose level being too cytotoxic.
No significant increase in the frequency of cells with structural chromosomal aberrations was noted after the 3, 20 or 44 hour treatment times.

Experiments with S9 mix
Cytotoxicity: At the 20 hour harvest time in the first experiment, a marked to severe toxicity was observed at dose levels ≥25 µg/ml as shown by a 67% to 100% decrease in the MI. At the 20 hour harvest time in the second experiment, a moderate to severe toxicity was observed at dose levels ≥18.75 µg/ml as shown by a 53% to 100% decrease in the MI. At the 44 hour harvest time in the second experiment, a 100% decrease in the MI was observed at 50 µg/ml.
Metaphase analysis: The dose levels selected for metaphase analysis were as follows: 3.13, 6.25, 12.5 µg/ml for the 20 hour harvest time in the first experiment, higher dose levels being too cytotoxic; 6.25, 12.5 and 18.75 µg/ml for the 20 hour harvest time in the second experiment, the latter inducing a 53% decrease in the MI; 25 µg/ml for the 44 hour harvest time, the higher dose level being too cytotoxic.
No significant increase in the frequency of cells with structural chromosomal aberrations was noted in either experiment and at either harvest time.

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Any other information on results incl. tables

The test material did not induce chromosome aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative with and without metabolic activation

The test material did not induce chromosome aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes. Based on these results, the test substance does not require classification under Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.

Executive summary:

The potential for the test item to induce chromosomal aberrations in vitro, was investigated in cultured human lymphocytes. The test material was tested in two independent experiments, both with and without metabolic activation. The highest dose-level for treatment in the first experiment was selected on the basis of pH, osmolality and solubility. For selection of the dose-levels for the second experiment, any toxicity indicated by the reduction of Mitotic Index (MI) in the first experiment was also taken into account.

In the first experiment, lymphocyte cultures were exposed to the test or control items (with or without S9 mix) for 3 hours then rinsed. Cells were harvested 20 hours after the beginning of treatment, corresponding to approximately 1.5 normal cell cycles.

The second experiment was performed as follows: without S9 mix, cells were exposed continuously to the test or control items until harvest; without S9 mix, cells were exposed to the test or control items for 3 hours and then rinsed. Cells were harvested 20 and 44 hours after the beginning of treatment.

Test material precipitate was noted at the end of the treatment period at dose levels ≥125 µg/ml. Cytotoxicity was observed in both experiments, with and without S9 mix. No significant increase in the frequency of cells with structural chromosomal aberrations was noted in any experiment, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation.

Under the conditions of the study, Wetfix N422 did not induce chromosome aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes and as such, does not require classification under Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.