Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate

Long-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

fish life cycle toxicity

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

QSAR prediction: US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: QSAR

Principles of method if other than guideline:

ECOSAR Program (v1.00)

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

not applicable to QSAR models

Analytical monitoring:

not required

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

other: Fish species

Details on test organisms:

no further information

Test type:

other: QSAR model

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

30 d

Hardness:

not applicable. QSAR model

Test temperature:

not applicable. QSAR model

pH:

not applicable. QSAR model

Dissolved oxygen:

not applicable. QSAR model

Salinity:

not applicable. QSAR model

Details on test conditions:

100% Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, calcium salt
CAS Number: 26264-06-2
SMILES : CCCCCCCCCCCCc1ccc(S(=O)(=O)OOS(=O)(=O)c2ccc(CCCCCCCCCCCC)cc2)cc1
CHEM : Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, calcium salt
MOL FOR: C36 H58 O6 S2 Ca1
MOL WT : 691.06
Wat Sol: 0.006264 (mg/L, EPISuite WSKowwin v1.43 Estimate)
Log Kow: 4.770
Remarks: Anionic surfactant – alkyl benzene sulfonates; effective alkyl chain length = C12

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

30 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.23 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

not specified

Basis for effect:

not specified

Remarks on result:

other: cited as a ChV value

Details on results:

Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model, a 30-day NOEC , cited as a ChV (chronic value) for fresh water fish of 0.23 mg/l was established.
Fish 30-day ChV =0.23 mg/L (ppm)

Overview of QSARs estimations on long-term aquatic toxicity of Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate/ Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, calcium salt

to fish

Method	Results	Remarks	Reference
QSAR estimate	Fish 30-day ChV =0.23 mg/L (ppm)	Reliable with restrictions, QSAR estimated data	ECOSAR Program (v1.00)

 

 Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model, a 30-day NOEC , cited as a ChV (chronic value) for fresh water fish of 0.23

mg/l was established.

 

 

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Conclusions:

Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model, a 30-day NOEC , cited as a ChV (chronic value) for fresh water fish of 0.23 mg/l was established.
Fish 30-day ChV =0.23 mg/L (ppm)

Executive summary:

Using the EPIWIN ECOSAR QSAR model, a 30-day NOEC , cited as a ChV (chronic value) for fresh water fish of 0.23 mg/l was established.

 

Reference 2

Endpoint:

fish, juvenile growth test

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: APHA 1975

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Tests generally followed the standard methods of APHA 1975, with the following specifics. Tests were conducted in outdoor earthen vats (62 cm diameter, 30 cm mean depth) containing 60-L of borehole water and 5 kg of uncontaminated soil. Borehole water is unchlorinated water with the following parameters: pH 7.1 ± 0.1, dissolved oxygen 10 mg/L, hardness 290 mg/L as CaCO3, and temperature 27.9 ± 0.14 °C. Fifteen fish purchased from local farms (35 mm, 0.786 g) and acclimated to the test conditions for 168 hours were added per vat. Test concentrations were 0.25, 0.38, 0.51, and 1.10 mg/L. Fish were exposed six times at 15 day intervals with the water renewals and were fed daily with a 1:1 mixture of rice bran and mustard oil cake. Standard acute toxicity tests were also conducted in the laboratory. Statistical analysis was done using F and t tests and the significance of any change was measured at a 5% level of probability.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

other: Tilapia mossambica

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Source: local farms
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.786 g
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 35 mm
- Feeding during test
- Food type: 1:1 mixture of rice bran and mustard cake
- Frequency: daily


ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 168 hrs

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

90 d

Hardness:

hardness 290 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

temperature 27.9 ± 0.14 °C

pH:

pH 7.1 ± 0.1,

Dissolved oxygen:

dissolved oxygen 10 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Test concentrations were 0.0, 0.25, 0.38, 0.51, and 1.10 mg/L.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Tests were conducted in outdoor earthen vats (62 cm diameter, 30 cm mean depth)
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): 15 days
- No. of organisms per vessel: 15
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 60-L of borehole water and 5 kg of uncontaminated soil

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Borehole water is unchlorinated water


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : feeding, growth rate, fecundity, and yield.

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

90 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.25 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: Feeding, growth rate, fecundity, yield

Duration:

90 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

0.51 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: Feeding, growth rate, fecundity, yield

Details on results:

The feeding rates decreased significantly at 0.25, 0.38 and 1.10 mg/L. Fish showed erratic behaviour, irregular opercular movement, and at higher concentrations, blood exuded from the base of the pectoral and pelvic fins and head. No apparent difference in condition factor (K) was observed at any concentration. The maturity index (MI) of both male and female fish appeared to decrease at all concentrations, but the biological significance of this is questionable because historic control values for this parameter were not provided and the magnitude of the response did not increase with dose. Fecundity decreased at 0.51 mg/L but not at 1.10 mg/L. The gastrosomatic index (GSI) was significantly different at 0.51 and 1.10 mg/L. Based on the most reliable endpoints (GSI and fecundity), the NOEC would be 0.38 mg/L and the LOEC would be 0.51 mg/L. However, the study is incompletely documented, so details of the test substance composition and testing procedure are uncertain. True replicates were not used so statistics can not be validly conducted, though they are reported by the authors. In view of these limitations, and previous evaluations of the study which have reported a NOEC of 0.25 mg/L (van de Plassche et al., 1999), a conservative (protective) NOEC for this study is 0.25 mg/L.

The feeding rates decreased significantly at 0.25, 0.38 and 1.10 mg/L. Fishshowed erratic behaviour, irregular opercular movement, and at higherconcentrations, blood exuded from the base of the pectoral and pelvic finsand head. No apparent difference in condition factor (K) was observed at anyconcentration. The maturity index (MI) of both male and female fish

appeared to decrease at all concentrations, but the biological significance ofthis is questionable because historic control values for this parameter werenot provided and the magnitude of the response did not increase with dose.

Fecundity decreased at 0.51 mg/L but not at 1.10 mg/L. The gastrosomaticindex (GSI) was significantly different at 0.51 and 1.10 mg/L. Based on themost reliable endpoints (GSI and fecundity), the NOEC would be 0.38 mg/Land the LOEC would be 0.51 mg/L. However, the study is incompletelydocumented, so details of the test substance composition and testingprocedure are uncertain. True replicates were not used so statistics can not bevalidly conducted, though they are reported by the authors. In view of theselimitations, and previous evaluations of the study which have reported a NOEC of 0.25 mg/L (van de Plassche et al., 1999), a conservative(protective) NOEC for this study is 0.25 mg/L.

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 90-day NOEC for fish was 0.25 mg/L. The 90-day LOEC for fish was 0.51 mg/L.

Executive summary:

The long-term toxicity of the test substance to fish was determined. Groups of 15 fish were exposed to concentrations of 0.0, 0.25, 0.38, 0.51, and 1.10 mg/L for 90 days. Test solutions were renewed every 15 days. The 90 -day NOEC was 0.25 mg/L, and the LOEC was 0.51 mg/L.

Description of key information

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that NOEC, cited as a ChV (chronic value) for fresh water fish would to be 0.23  mg/l therefore the substance is highly toxic to fishes. 
During the 32-day chronic exposures, the EC(20) values were 0.95 (0.597-1.29), and approximately 1.0 mg/L for fathead minnow (survival). 
The 28 d NOEC of C12 LAS to juvenile Bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) was 1 mg/L, based on growth rate in a flow-through model ecosystem study. 
The available data for saltwater fishes a are limited and to obtaine the value for PNECs for saltwaters is taken account a assesment factor 10 to extrapolate to NOEC following the “Guidance on Information Requirement and Chemical Safety Assessment R.10: Characterisation of dose [concentration]- response for environment”and “Table R.10-5 Assessment factors proposed for deriving PNEC water for saltwater for different data sets”, to account for the possibility that greater taxonomic diversity in the marine environment makes it likely that some marine taxa may be more sensitive than the most sensitive freshwater taxa 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

0.23 mg/L

Marine water fish

Marine water fish

Effect concentration:

0.023 mg/L

Additional information

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that NOEC, cited as a ChV (chronic value) for fresh water fish would to be 0.23 mg/l therefore the substance is highly toxic to fishes.

During the 32-day chronic exposures, the EC(20) values were 0.95 (0.597-1.29), and approximately 1.0 mg/L for fathead minnow (survival).

The 28 d NOEC of C12 LAS to juvenile Bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) was 1 mg/L, based on growth rate in a flow-through model ecosystem study.

The available data for saltwater fishes a are limited and to obtaine the value for PNECs for saltwaters is taken account a assesment factor 10 to extrapolate to NOEC following the “Guidance on Information Requirement and Chemical Safety Assessment R.10: Characterisation of dose [concentration]- response for environment”and “Table R.10-5 Assessment factors proposed for deriving PNEC water for saltwater for different data sets”, to account for the possibility that greater taxonomic diversity in the marine environment makes it likely that some marine taxa may be more sensitive than the most sensitive freshwater taxa